English Narration - Class VI - X

Narration
We may report the words of a speaker in two ways-
Indirect Speech.
(i) Direct Speech:
(ii) Indirect Speech:
The speech which is under Quotation marks or Inverted commas in
writing is called Direct Speech and the verb by which it is expressed,
is called Reporting Verb.
The speech quoted in the actual words of the
speaker is called Direct Speech. It is always written with inverted
commas (“ – ”).
What the speaker said without quoting his
exact words is called Indirect Speech Or Reported Speech.
Direct Speech &

Assertive Sentence
Direct Speech:
Note: The direct speech contains-
(a) Reporting speech :
(b) Reported speech :
(c) Reporting verb :
(d) Reported verb :
(e) Listener Or, Object of Reporting verb :
Indirect Speech: The boy
Note: The Reporting speech and Reported speech are joined by a linking
word (that, if, whether etc.) and the inverted commas are omitted.
The boy says to me,
“I go to school in time.”
says
go
me
The boy says to me, “I go to school in time.”
goes to school in time.hethatmetells

Narration
Rule – 1. If the Reporting Verb is in the present or future tense, the tense
of the verb of the Direct Speech is not changed at all.
Note : Persons of the reported speech are changed-
(a) First person of the Reported speech is changed into the Subject
(pronoun) of the Reporting verb.
(b) Second person of the Reported speech is changed into the Object
(pronoun) of the Reporting verb.
(c) Third person of the Reported speech is not changed at all.
Examples:
(a) Direct Speech : Shuvo says to me,
(b) Indirect Speech : Shuvo
(b) Direct Speech : Sohag has said to me,
Indirect Speech : Sohag
(c) Direct Speech : Biva will say to me,
Indirect Speech : Biva
is reading an interesting book.hethatmetells
“I am reading an interesting book.”
“You have done the work properly.”
have done the work properly.Ithatmehas told
will recite the Qur’an regularly.shethatmewill tell
“She will recite the Qur’an regularly.”

becomes Past continuous Tense
becomes Past perfect Tense
becomes Past perfect continuous Tense
becomes Past Indefinite Tense
had been suffering from dysentery for some days.hethatthe doctortoldIndirect Speech : The patient
“I have been suffering from dysentery for some days.”(d) Direct Speech : The patient said to the doctor,
her lesson.had learntRinathatmetoldIndirect Speech : He
“Rina has learnt her lesson.”(c) Direct Speech : He said to me,
together.were workingtheythatthemtoldIndirect Speech : I
“You are working together.”(b) Direct Speech : I said to them,
very happy.washethatmetoldIndirect Speech : He
“I am very happy.”(a) Direct Speech : He said to me,
Examples:
(d) Present perfect continuous Tense
(c) Present perfect Tense
(b) Present continuous Tense
(a) Present Indefinite Tense
Rule – 2. If the Reporting verb is in the past tense, all the present tenses of the
Direct Speech are changed into the corresponding past tense.

becomes Past Perfect Tense
becomes Past perfect Continuous Tense
(no change) Past perfect Tense
(no change) Past perfect continues Tense
“I was writing a letter to you.”(f) Direct Speech : I said to you,
at six.had comethe manthatIndirect Speech : He said
“The man came at six.”(e) Direct Speech : He said,
Examples:
(h) Past perfect continuous Tense
(g) Past perfect Tense
(f) Past continues Tense
(e) Past Indefinite Tense
the book for two hours.had been readingIthatmetold
“You had been reading the book for two hours.”(h) Direct Speech: He said to me,
the work.had done
Indirect Speech : He
hethatmetold
“I had done the work.”
Indirect Speech : He
(g) Direct Speech: He said to me,
a letter to you.I had been writingthatyoutoldIndirect Speech : I

Narration
Rule – 3. If the statement is a universal truth, habitual fact, constant and
geographical fact, no change of tense is required.
Examples:
Direct : The teacher said, “Honesty is the best policy.”
Indirect: The teacher said
Rule – 4. If the Reported Speech has two or more verbs occurring at the same
time, the tense of the verbs is not changed at all.
Examples:
(a) Direct Speech : The class teacher said, “Mr. Ant worked hard while Mr.
Grasshopper slept.”
Indirect Speech : The class teacher said that Mr. Ant worked hard while Mr.
Grasshopper slept.
(b) Direct Speech: The game teacher said, “The children sang, danced and
played.”
Indirect Speech : The game teacher said that the children sang, danced and
played.
honesty is the best policy.that

Narration
Rule – 5. Words expressing nearness in time or place are generally changed
into words expressing distance.
now
ago
this
here
hence
these
come
can
will
Examples:
(a) Direct : The old man said, “I am leaving in Dhaka now.”
Indirect : The old man said that he was leaving in Dhaka then.
(b) Direct : The student said, “I must do the sum.”
Indirect : The student said that he had to do the sum.
today
tonight
tomorrow
yesterday
last night
thus
must
may
shall becomes should
becomes might
becomes had to
becomes so
becomes the previous night
becomes the previous day/the day before
becomes the next day/the following day
becomes that night
becomes that day
becomes would
becomes could
becomes go
becomes those
becomes thence
becomes there
becomes that
becomes before
becomes then

Change the following into indirect speech:
Direct : He says to me, “I shall beat the boy.”
Indirect: He tells me that he will beat the boy.
Direct : The teacher said, “Tomorrow is a holiday.”
Indirect: The teacher said that the next day was a holiday.
Direct : He said to me, “You are mistaken.”
Indirect: He told me that I was mistaken.
Direct : Karim said to me, “You are right.”
Indirect: Karim told me that I was right.
Direct : He said, “The man comes.”
Indirect: He said that the man came.
Direct : He said, “Here comes my friends.”
Indirect: He said that there came his friends.
Direct : You said to me, “My father is coming home today.”
Indirect: You told me that your father was going home that day.
Direct : My father said to me, “We are going there tomorrow.”
Indirect: My father told me that they were going there the next day.

Direct : They said, “We have lost the game.”
Indirect : They said that they had lost the game.
Direct : Salma said to the student, “You have not prepared your lessons
well.”
Indirect : Salma told the student that he had not prepared his lessons well.
Direct : The boy said to me, “I was well yesterday.”
Indirect : The boy told me that he had been well the previous day.
Direct : The man said to me, “I was seriously ill.”
Indirect : The man told me that he had been seriously ill.
Direct : He said to me, “I was rather sick yesterday but I am well now.”
Indirect : He told me that he had been rather sick the previous day but he was
well then.
Direct : The girl said, “I was absent yesterday.”
Indirect : The girl said that she had been absent the previous day.
Direct : He said, “They were ill.”
Indirect : He said that they had been ill.
Direct : Rahim said, “I went there yesterday.”
Indirect : Rahim said that he had gone there the previous day.

Narration
Direct : Mati said, “I met him long ago.”
Indirect: Mati said that he had met him long before.
Direct : Rita said, “I ate my meals.”
Indirect: Rita said that she had eaten her meals.
Direct : You said to me, “I did not take your pen.”
Indirect: You told me that you had not taken my pen.
Direct : He said to me, “He was doing the work with me.”
Indirect: He told me that he had been doing the work with him.
Direct : Ali said to Bashir, “I was suffering from fever.”
Indirect: Ali told Bashir that he had been suffering from fever.
Direct : The boy said, “I shall begin the work tomorrow.”
Indirect: The boy said that he would begin the work the next day.
Direct : Masud said, “I shall go to Rajshahi tomorrow morning.”
Indirect: Masud said that he would go to Rajshahi the next morning.

Narration
Direct : Father said, “I shall buy you a pen tomorrow.”
Indirect: Father said that he would buy me a pen the following day.
Direct : Hasan said, “I shall draw a picture.”
Indirect: Hasan said that he would draw a picture.
Direct : The girl said, “My father will help me.”
Indirect: The girl said that her father would help her.
Direct : My father said to me, “You may do whatever you like.”
Indirect: My father told me that I might do whatever I liked.
Direct : The teacher said, “Twelve months make a year.”
Indirect: The teacher said that twelve months make a year.
Direct : I said to my daughter, “Two and three make five.”
Indirect: I told my daughter that two and three make five.
Direct : They said, “Three into three is nine.”
Indirect: They said that three into three is nine.
Direct : Father said, “Contentment is the source of all happiness.”
Indirect: Father said that contentment is the source of all happiness.

Narration
Direct : The teacher said, “Coal is black.”
Indirect: The teacher said that coal is black.
Direct : The teacher said, “The earth is round.”
Indirect: The teacher said that the earth is round.
Direct : The teacher said, “The earth moves round the sun.”
Indirect: The teacher said that the earth moves round the sun.
Direct : The teacher said, “The sun gives us light and heat.”
Indirect: The teacher said that the sun gives us light and heat.
Direct : The teacher said, “Necessity knows no law.”
Indirect: The teacher said that necessity knows no law.
Direct : Keats said, “A thing of beauty is a joy for ever.”
Indirect: Keats said that a thing of beauty is a joy for ever.

Interrogative Sentence
Rule – 1. Reporting verb is changed in to ‘ask’ or ‘enquire of’ and if
or whether is used as linking word. Do, Does and Did are omitted.
The auxiliary verb in the Reported speech is used after the subject.
Examples:
(a) Direct Speech : He said to me, “Do you know my friend?”
Indirect Speech : He asked me if I knew his friend.
(b) Direct Speech : I said to him, “Does he come here?”
Indirect Speech : I asked him if he went there.
(c) Direct Speech : He said to me, “Are you going there today?”
Indirect Speech : He asked me if I was going there that day.
(d) Direct Speech : You said to me, “Did you write a letter?”
Indirect Speech : You asked me if I had written a letter.

Rule – 2. If the Reported speech begins with Who, What, Which, When,
Where, Why, How etc., these are not changed and if or whether is not
used. The auxiliary verb in the Reported speech is used after the subject.
Examples:
(a) Direct Speech : He said to her, “Who are you?”
Indirect Speech : He asked her who she was.
(b) Direct Speech : He said to me, “What do you want?”
Indirect Speech : He asked me what I wanted.
(c) Direct Speech : He said to you, “Which book did you buy?”
Indirect Speech : He asked you which book you had bought.
(d) Direct Speech : I said to him, “When are you coming back?”
Indirect Speech : I asked him when he was going back.
(e) Direct Speech : He said to me, “How have you done the sum?”
Indirect Speech : He asked me how I had done the sum.

Direct Speech : You said to me, “Are you ill?”
Indirect Speech: You asked me if I was ill.
Direct Speech : Noor Jahan said to her mother, “Do you like to tell a
story?”
Indirect Speech: Noor Jahan asked her mother if she liked to tell a story.
Direct Speech : You said to me, “Do you hear me?”
Indirect Speech: You asked me if I heard you.
Direct Speech : The teacher said to me, “Do you know the story?
Indirect Speech: The teacher asked me if I knew the story.
Direct Speech : Ali said to you, “Are you going home today?”
Indirect Speech: Ali asked you if you were going home that day.
Direct Speech : She said to him, “Are you hiding anything from me?”
Indirect Speech: She asked him if he was hiding anything from her.

Direct Speech : She said to me, “Have you seen my friend?”
Indirect Speech: She asked me if I had seen her friend.
Direct Speech : Mother said to me, “Have they gone to Dhaka?”
Indirect Speech: Mother asked me if they had gone to Dhaka.
Direct Speech : Kohinoor said to me, “Did you see me?”
Indirect Speech: Kohinoor asked me if I had seen her.
Direct Speech : He said to me, “Did you go to Dhaka?”
Indirect Speech: He asked me if I had gone to Dhaka.
Direct Speech : He said to me, “Did you go to school yesterday?”
Indirect Speech: He asked me if I had gone to school the previous day.
Direct Speech : You said to him, “Don’t I love you more than
Rahman?”
Indirect Speech: You asked him if you didn’t love him more than
Rahman.

Direct Speech : I said to him, “Will you see me tomorrow?”
Indirect Speech: I asked him if he would see me the next day.
Direct Speech : She said to her friend, “Will you go home?”
Indirect Speech: She asked her friend if she would go home.
Direct Speech : He said to me, “Will you go to work?”
Indirect Speech: He asked me if I would go to work.
Direct Speech : Mother said to me, “Will you go to school?”
Indirect Speech: Mother asked me whether I would go to school.
Direct Speech : The man said to me, “Can you tell me the way?”
Indirect Speech: The man asked me if I could tell him the way.
Direct Speech : “Could you play on the organ?” asked the master.
Indirect Speech: The master asked the person spoken to if he could
play on the organ.

Direct Speech : Kabir said, “May I have a cup of tea?”
Indirect Speech: Kabir asked if he might have a cup of tea.
Direct Speech : The man said to me, “What is your name?”
Indirect Speech: The man asked me what my name was.
Direct Speech : Rahim said to Karim, “What does your father
do?”
Indirect Speech: Rahim asked Karim what his father did.
Direct Speech : He said to me, “What do you want?”
Indirect Speech: He asked me what I wanted.
Direct Speech : I said to him, “What are you doing?”
Indirect Speech: I asked him what he was doing.
Direct Speech : I said to him, “What did she do with my
book?”
Indirect Speech: I asked him what she had done with my book.

Direct Speech : I said to him, “When will you come back?”
Indirect Speech: I asked him when he would go back.
Direct Speech : He said to Shirin, “Why do you make a noise?”
Indirect Speech: He asked Shirin why she made a noise.
Direct Speech : He said to you, “Which book do you want?”
Indirect Speech: He asked you which book you wanted.
Direct Speech : Mother said to me, “Why are you playing in the sun?”
Indirect Speech: Mother asked me why I was playing in the sun.
Direct Speech : The teacher said to the boys, “Why are you making a noise?”
Indirect Speech: The teacher asked the boys why they were making a noise.
Direct Speech : The teacher said to the boys, “Why have you made a noise in
the class?”
Indirect Speech: The teacher asked the boys why they had made a noise in the
class.
Direct Speech : He said to me, “Where do you live?”
Indirect Speech: He asked me where I lived.
Direct Speech : He said to me, “Where are you going?”
Indirect Speech: He asked me where I was going.

Imperative Sentence
Rule – 1. Reporting verb is changed into tell, order or command, forbid,
request, advise, ask, according to the sense of the speech. Reporting speech and
Reported speech are joined by Infinitive ‘to’ and ‘not to’ in stead of ‘Do not’.
Examples:
(a) Direct Speech : You said to me, “Bring your book to me.”
Indirect Speech : You told me
(b) Direct Speech : The captain said to the soldiers, “March on.”
Indirect Speech : The captain commanded the soldiers to march on.
(c) Direct Speech : Father said to me, “Do not quarrel with anyone.”
Indirect Speech : Father advised me not to quarrel with anyone.
(d) Direct Speech : He said to me, “Please lend him some money.”
Indirect Speech : He requested me to lend him some money.
(e) Direct Speech : He said to me, “Kindly grant me stipend from the
poor fund.”
Indirect Speech : He requested me to grant him stipend from the poor
fund.
(f) Direct Speech : I said to him, “Excuse me, sir.”
Indirect Speech : I begged him with respect to excuse me.
bring my book to you.to

Imperative Sentence
Transform the following into indirect speech:
Direct Speech : Tutul said to Hasan, “Try to get a job.”
Indirect Speech: Tutul told Hasan to try to get a job.
Direct Speech : He said, “Karim, go there.”
Indirect Speech : He told Karim to go there.
Direct Speech : The captain said to the soldiers, “March forward.”
Indirect Speech : The captain commanded the soldiers to march
forward.
Direct Speech : The commander ordered the soldiers, “Shoot.”
Indirect Speech : The commander ordered the soldiers to shoot.
Direct Speech : The old man said to his servant, “Do as I tell you.”
Indirect Speech : The old man told his servant to do as he told him.
Direct Speech : The teacher said, “Boys do as I tell you to do.”
Indirect Speech : The teacher ordered the boys to do as he told them
to do.

Imperative Sentence
Direct Speech : He said to me, “Come here.”
Indirect Speech: He ordered me to go there.
Direct Speech : The boy said to his teacher, “Excuse me, sir.”
Indirect Speech: The boy requested his teacher respectfully to excuse him.
Direct Speech : Mother said to me, “Always speak the truth.”
Indirect Speech: Mother advised me to speak the truth always.
Direct Speech : The teacher said to the boys, “Do not make a noise.”
Indirect Speech: The teacher ordered the boys not to make a noise.
Direct Speech : Our teacher said to us, “Do not tell a lie.”
Indirect Speech: Our teacher advised us not to tell a lie.
Direct Speech : The mother said to her son, “Do not run in the sun.”
Indirect Speech: The mother advised her son not to run in the sun.
Direct Speech : The mother said to her son, “Don’t go out side after
dusk.”
Indirect Speech: The mother advised her son not to go out side after dusk.

Imperative Sentence
Direct Speech : The doctor said to the patient, “Don’t take tea or coffee for
some days.”
Indirect Speech : The doctor advised the patient not to take tea or coffee for
some days.
Direct Speech : The doctor said to the patient, “Do not eat too much.”
Indirect Speech : The doctor advised the patient not to eat too much.
Direct Speech : Karim said to Samira, “Do not disturb me now.”
Indirect Speech : Karim asked Samira not to disturb him then.
Direct Speech : “Do not play football when it rains.” Momtaz said to her son.
Indirect Speech : Momtaz advised her son not to play football when it rained.
Direct Speech : The teacher said, “Do not make a noise.”
Indirect Speech : The teacher ordered not to make a noise.
Direct Speech : Kabir said to Salam, “Please listen to me while I recite a
poem.”
Indirect Speech : Kabir requested Salam to listen to him while he recited a
poem.
Direct Speech : He said to his master, “Please grant me a leave.”
Indirect Speech : He begged his master to grant him a leave.

Imperative Sentence
Direct Speech : Rahim said to his mother, “Please excuse me this time.
Indirect Speech: Rahim begged his mother to excuse him that time.
Direct Speech : He said to me, “Please explain the point.”
Indirect Speech: He requested me to explain the point.
Direct Speech : He said to the man, “Please have a cup of tea.”
Indirect Speech: He requested the man to have a cup of tea.
Direct Speech : I said to him, “Please explain the passage.”
Indirect Speech: I requested him to explain the passage.
Direct Speech : He said to me, “Please give me a glass of water.”
Indirect Speech: He requested me to give him a glass of water.
Direct Speech : “Please help me in my distress.” he said.
Indirect Speech: He requested the person in presence to help him in his
distress.

Imperative Sentence
Rule – 2. If there is ‘Let me / Let him / Let her’ in the direct
speech, the Reporting verb is changed into request or, order
and ‘Let’ is changed into ‘might or might be allowed to’.
Examples:
(a) Direct Speech : He said to me, “Let me go there.”
Indirect Speech: He requested me that he might go there.
(b) Direct Speech : I said to my mother, “Let me have some
milk.”
Indirect Speech: I requested my mother that I might be
allowed to have some milk.

Imperative Sentence
Rule –3. If there is ‘Let us’ in the direct speech, the
Reporting verb is changed into propose or suggest and should
is used for ‘let.’
Examples:
(a) Direct Speech : He said to us, “Let us play today.”
Indirect Speech: He proposed to us that we should play
that day.
(b) Direct Speech : They said to us, “Let us decide the
matter ourselves.”
Indirect Speech: They proposed to us that we should
decide the matter ourselves.

Imperative Sentence
Rule –4. If there is ‘Let us’ in the direct speech and Listener is first
person (me /us or omitted) the Reporting verb is changed into propose
or suggest and ‘we should’ is used for ‘Let’, otherwise they should is
used for ‘Let.’
Examples:
(a) Direct Speech : He said to me, “Let us settle the matter.”
Indirect Speech : He proposed to me that we should settle the
matter.
(b) Direct Speech : He said to his colleague, “Let us call a
meeting.”
Indirect Speech : He proposed to his colleague that they should
call a meeting.”

Imperative Sentence
Rule – 5. If there are vocatives, Addressing him (them) as friend
(friends) is added.
Examples:
(a) Direct Speech : “Come in my friend.” said I to Rafiq.
Indirect Speech: Addressing Rafiq as friend, I requested him to come in.
(b) Direct Speech : I said to them, “Friends, work together.”
Indirect Speech: Addressing them as friends, I told them to work together.
Rule – 6. If the Reporting verb is without object, an object is used as
third person or first person.
Examples:
(a) Direct Speech : He said, “Come in.”
Indirect Speech: He told me to go in. Or, He told someone to go in.
(b) Direct Speech : “Please have a cup of tea.”
Indirect Speech: The speaker requested the person to have a cup of tea.

Imperative Sentence
Direct Speech : He said to his master, “Let me try first.”
Indirect Speech: He requested his master that he might try first.
Direct Speech : The beggar said, “Let me beg.”
Indirect Speech: The beggar said that he might beg.
Direct Speech : The prisoner said, “Let me have a glass of water.”
Indirect Speech: The prisoner said that he might be allowed to have a
glass of water.
Direct Speech : I said to father, “Let me buy an umbrella.”
Indirect Speech: I said to father that I might be allowed to buy an
umbrella.
Direct Speech : He said, “Let the dog bark.”
Indirect Speech: He said that the dog might be allowed to bark.
Direct Speech : The boy said, “Let me write what I know.”
Indirect Speech: The boy said that he might be allowed to write what he
knew.

Imperative Sentence
Direct Speech : He said, “Let him do whatever he likes.”
Indirect Speech: He said that he might do whatever he liked.
Direct Speech : He said to me, “Let me have a cup of tea.”
Indirect Speech: He said to me that he might be allowed to have a cup of
tea.
Direct Speech : “Let me come in,” said he.
Indirect Speech: He said that he might be allowed to go in.
Direct Speech : He said to me, “Let us go out for a walk.”
Indirect Speech: He proposed to me that we should go for a walk.
Direct Speech : He said to me, “Let us go to school.”
Indirect Speech: He proposed to me that we should go to school.
Direct Speech : He said to me, “Let us drop the matter.”
Indirect Speech: He proposed to me that we should drop the matter.
Direct Speech : Karim said, “Let us discuss the matter.”
Indirect Speech: Karim proposed that we should discuss the matter.

Imperative Sentence
Direct Speech : He said, “Let us have some music.”
Indirect Speech : He proposed that we should have some music.
Direct Speech : He said, “Let us decide it.”
Indirect Speech : He proposed that we should decide it.
Direct Speech : They said, “Let us make a fun.”
Indirect Speech : They proposed that we should make a fun.
Direct Speech : Mina said to Rina, “Let us go out for a walk.”
Indirect Speech : Mina proposed to Rina that they should go out for a walk.
Direct Speech : The manager said to the officers, “Let us solve the problem.”
Indirect Speech : The manager proposed to the officers that they should solve the
problem.
Direct Speech : Mother said to her children, “Let us arrange a picnic in the next
week.”
Indirect Speech : Mother proposed to her children that they should arrange a picnic in
the next week.
Direct Speech : Munir said to Mujib, “Let us go out for a walk by the river side.”
Indirect Speech : Munir proposed to Mujib that they should go out for a walk by the
river side.

Imperative Sentence
Direct Speech : The leader said to the people, “Friends, please listen to me.”
Indirect Speech : Addressing the people as friends, the leader requested them to
listen to him.
Direct Speech : He said, “Friends, lend me your ears.”
Indirect Speech : Addressing them as friends, he requested them to lend him
their ears.
Direct Speech : The teacher said to them, “Dear students, behave with
politely.”
Indirect Speech : Addressing them as dear students, the teacher advised them to
behave with politely.
Direct Speech : The general said to them, “Brave soldiers, be careful.”
Indirect Speech : Addressing them as brave soldiers, the general commanded
them to be careful.
Direct Speech : “Stop you, villain.” shouted he.
Indirect Speech : He shouted the villain to stop.
Direct Speech : “Karim, Open the door,” said he.
Indirect Speech : He addressed Karim and told him to open the door.

Optative Sentence
Rule – 1. Reporting verb is changed into wish or pray/pray
for and Optative form is changed into a statement. ‘that’ is
used as linking word. Past form of ‘May’ is used.
Examples:
(a) Direct Speech : He said to me, “May Allah bless you.”
Indirect Speech: He prayed for me that Allah might bless
me.
(b) Direct Speech : The teacher said to the boy, “May you
shine in life.”
Indirect Speech: The teacher wished the boy that he might
shine in life.

Optative Sentence
Rule – 2. If ‘May’ is absent in the Reported speech, its past form might
is used.
Example:
Direct Speech : The crowd said, “Long live the chairman.”
Indirect Speech : The crowd wished that the chairman might live
long.
Rule – 3. If the Reported speech conveys Good morning, Good
evening, Good night, Good bye, Farewell etc, they are changed in the
following way. Reporting verb is changed into bid, wish etc.
Examples:
(a) Direct Speech : He said, “Good bye, my friend.”
Indirect Speech : He bade good bye to his friend.
Or, He bade his friend good bye.
(b) Direct Speech : He said to me, “Thank you.”
Indirect Speech : He thanked me.

Optative Sentence
Direct Speech : The lady said to her children, “May Allah do good to you.”
Indirect Speech : The lady prayed for her children that Allah might do good to them.
Direct Speech : Mother said to me, “May God save you.”
Indirect Speech: Mother prayed for me that God might save me.
Direct Speech : The priest said, “May Allah pardon a sinner.”
Indirect Speech: The priest prayed that Allah might pardon the sinner.
Direct Speech : He said, “May God help him.”
Indirect Speech: He prayed that God might help him.
Direct Speech : Mr. Rahim said to me, “May you live long.”
Indirect Speech: Mr. Rahim wished that I might live long.
Direct Speech : The old man said to me, “May you live long.”
Indirect Speech: The old man wished me that I might live long.
Direct Speech : The saint said, “May you be happy in life.”
Indirect Speech: The saint wished that I might be happy in life.
Direct Speech : I said to Rahim, “May you be happy.”
Indirect Speech: I wished Rahim that he might be happy.
Direct Speech : The Fakir said to us, “May you be great in life.”
Indirect Speech: The Fakir wished us that we might be great in life.

Optative Sentence
Direct Speech : Mother said, “May you be successful in life.”
Indirect Speech: Mother wished that I might be successful in life.
Direct Speech : He said, “May you come round soon.”
Indirect Speech: He wished that I might come round soon.
Direct Speech : Mother said, “May you pass in the GPA-5.”
Indirect Speech: Mother wished that I might pass in the GPA-5.
Direct Speech : Mother said, “May you do well in the examination.”
Indirect Speech: Mother wished that I might do well in the examination.
Direct Speech : They said, “May our president live long.”
Indirect Speech: They wished that their president might live long.
Direct Speech : We said, “Long live our Bangladesh.”
Indirect Speech: We wished that our Bangladesh might live long.
Direct Speech : They said, “Long live Bangladesh.”
Indirect Speech: They wished that Bangladesh might live long.
Direct Speech : They said, “Long live the president.”
Indirect Speech: They wished that the president might live long.

Optative Sentence
Direct Speech : He said to me, “Good bye.”
Indirect Speech: He bade me good bye.
Direct Speech : He said, “Farewell to his friends.”
Indirect Speech: He bade farewell to his friends.
Direct Speech : He said, “Good night, my friend.’
Indirect Speech: He bade his friend good night.
Direct Speech : “Good morning sir,” said the boy to Mr. Bari.
Indirect Speech: The boy bade good morning to Mr. Bari with due respect.
Or, The boy showed respect to Mr. Bari and bade him good morning.
Direct Speech : “Good morning sir,” said the boy to Mr. Alam.
Indirect Speech: The boy bade Mr. Alam good morning with respect.
Direct Speech : He said, “Good morning, my friend.”
Indirect Speech: He bade his friend good morning.
Direct Speech : He said, “Good evening, my friend.”
Indirect Speech: He bade his friend good evening.
Direct Speech : He said, “Good morning, sir.”
Indirect Speech: He bade good morning with respect.
Direct Speech : He said, “Thank you, sir.”
Indirect Speech: He thanked me with respect.

Exclamatory Sentence
Rule – 1. Reporting verb is changed into exclaim (in joy/ with joy),
exclaim (in sorrow/ with sorrow), cry out in joy/ with joy, cry out in
sorrow/ with sorrow, shout in wonder etc. according to the sense.
Exclamatory form is changed into a statement. ‘that’ is used as linking
word. Oh, Alas, Hurrah, Bravo etc. are left out.
Examples:
(a) Direct Speech : The players said, “Oh! We have won the game.”
Indirect Speech: The players exclaimed in joy that they had won the game.
(b) Direct Speech : He said, “Alas! He is no more.”
Indirect Speech: He exclaimed in sorrow that he was no more.
(c) Direct Speech : You said, “Hurrah! We have won the game.”
Indirect Speech: You exclaimed with joy that you had won the game.

Rule – 2. Very or great is used in stead of How or What. ‘great’ is used
before a noun.
(a) Direct Speech : The guest said, “How nice the garden is!”
Indirect Speech: The guest cried out that the garden was very nice.
(b) Direct Speech : Rosy said, “What a nice flower it is!”
Indirect Speech: Rosy cried out that it was a very nice flower.
(c) Direct Speech : Iqbal said to me, “What a fool you are!”
Indirect Speech: Iqbal exclaimed to me that I was a great fool.
Exception-1 :
(a) Direct Speech : I said, “Had I the wings of a bird!”
Indirect Speech: I wished to have the wings of a bird.
(b) Direct Speech : He said, “By Jove! What a good news!”
Indirect Speech : He swore by Jove that it was a very good news.
Exception-2 : Without auxiliary verb.
Direct Speech : He said, “What an idea!”
Indirect Speech : He exclaimed that it was an idea.

Direct Speech : They said, “Hurrah! We have won the game.”
Indirect Speech : They shouted in joy that they had won the game.
Direct Speech : They said, “Hurrah! Our team has won.”
Indirect Speech: They cried out in joy that their team had won.
Direct Speech : “Bravo! You have done well,” the teacher said to the
boy.
Indirect Speech: The teacher exclaimed with joy that the boy had
done well.
Direct Speech : The woman said, “Alas! I am undone.”
Indirect Speech: The woman cried out in sorrow that she was undone.
Direct Speech : He said to Karim, “Alas! My father is dead.”
Indirect Speech: He exclaimed to Karim in sorrow that his father was
dead.
Direct Speech : He said, “Alas! I shall never see you again.”
Indirect Speech: He exclaimed in sorrow that he would never see me
again.

Direct Speech : Ahmad said, “What a fool you are!”
Indirect Speech: Ahmad exclaimed that I was a great fool.
Direct Speech : Rimi said, “What a fool I am!”
Indirect Speech: Rimi exclaimed that she was a great fool.
Direct Speech : He said, “What a fine picture it is!”
Indirect Speech: He cried out that it was a very fine picture.
Direct Speech : He said, “What a lovely garden it is!”
Indirect Speech: He exclaimed that it was a very lovely garden.
Direct Speech : The boy said, “What a high tree it is!”
Indirect Speech: The boy wondered that it was a very high tree.
Direct Speech : The traveler said, “What a charming sight it is!”
Indirect Speech: The traveler exclaimed in wonder that it was a very
charming sight.
Direct Speech : Rina said, “Oh! What a nice bird it is!”
Indirect Speech: Rina exclaimed with joy that it was a very nice bird.
Direct Speech : Reza said, “What a beautiful girl she is!”
Indirect Speech: Reza exclaimed with joy that she was a very beautiful
girl.

Direct Speech : Raja said, “What a funny boy you are!
Indirect Speech: Raja exclaimed in joy that I was a very funny boy.
Direct Speech : The woman said, “Alas! How helpless I am.”
Indirect Speech: The woman exclaimed with sorrow that she was very helpless.
Direct Speech : He said, “Alas! How helpless we are.”
Indirect Speech: He exclaimed in sorrow that they were very helpless.
Direct Speech : They said, “How cruel the man is!”
Indirect Speech: They exclaimed with sorrow that the man was very cruel.
Direct Speech : He said, “Oh! How sweet the mango is!”
Indirect Speech: He exclaimed with joy that the mango was very sweet.
Direct Speech : He said, “By God! I have never done it.”
Indirect Speech: He swore by God that he had never done it.
Direct Speech : He said, “What a surprise!”
Indirect Speech: He exclaimed that it was a great surprise.
Direct Speech : He said, “What a long journey!”
Indirect Speech: He exclaimed that it was a very long journey.
Direct Speech : He said, “What a pity!”
Indirect Speech: He exclaimed that it was a great pity.

English Narration - Class VI - X

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