Systems engineering is an interdisciplinary approach that focuses on defining customer needs, documenting requirements, and enabling systems realization through design synthesis and validation while considering the complete problem. It involves defining success metrics upfront, understanding a system as interconnected subsystems that achieve objectives, and applying a systems approach to engineering problems like a case study on a viscous lubrication system for wire drawing. A case study involves determining the current status, gathering background information to hypothesize causes, testing hypotheses, and instituting remedial actions.

1. JAHANGIRABAD INSTIUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
BARABANKI
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Engineering Process and System Approach
RAVI VISHWAKARMA
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2. Systems Engineering is an interdisciplinary approach and means to
enable the realization of successful systems. It focuses on defining
customer needs and required functionality early in the development
cycle, documenting requirements, then proceeding with design
synthesis and system validation while considering the complete
problem.
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What is Systems Engineering?

3. Systems Engineering Principles
Start with Your Eye on the Finish Line
You should reach consensus at the very beginning of the project on
what will constitute success at the end. This means that the
stakeholders should start with an agreement of what the project should
accomplish and the metrics that will be used to measure the success of
the project. This initial focus on the finish line must be sustained by
project management as project development progresses and competing
interests and project complexities begin to dominate the day-to-day
work.
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4. Concept of systems
The word system is derived from the Greek word “systema” which
means an organized relationship among functioning units or
components. A system exists because it is designed to achieve one or
more objectives. We come into daily contact with the telephone system,
the transportation system, the accounting system, the railway system,
the production system and for over four-decades, the computer system.
Similarly we talk of business and its organization as a system
consisting of the interrelated departments (sub systems) such as
production, sales, personnel and information systems, etc.
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5. Application of a system
(i) Each system is composed of subsystems, which in turn are made
up of other subsystems, each subsystem being delineated by its
boundaries. The interconnections and interactions between the
subsystems are termed as interfaces. Interfaces occur at the
boundary and take the form of inputs and outputs.
(ii) A subsystem at the lowest level may not be defined to be
processor. The input and output are defined but not the
transformation process. This system is termed as a black box.
(iii) Each system has a boundary. The system is inside the boundary
and the environment is outside the boundary.
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6. Implications of Systems Concept
The study of systems concept has three basic implications:
1.Interrelationships and interdependence must exist among the
components.
2.The objectives of the organization as a whole have a higher priority
than the objectives of its sub-systems. For example, computerizing
personnel applications must conform to the organization’s policy on
privacy, confidentiality and security, as well as making selected data
(e.g., payroll) available to the accounting division on request.
3.A system must be designed to achieve a predetermined objective.
(e.g. contact basis). The Barauni Refinery refines petrol and diesel
which is being supplied to (BKPL) Barauni- Kanpur Pipe Line.
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7. A case study-Viscous lubrication system in wire drawing
These days a case study is used more and more in a preventive way rather
than as a therapy after a situation has broken down. Most frequent
application of the case study approach is in the study of persons or
situations, which have gone awry. A case study is based on assumptions.
a case study of viscous lubrication system in wire drawing is fully
concerned with application of system concepts in engineering—
identifications of engineering functions, system approach, engineering
activities matrix, defining the proposed effort, role of engineer,
engineering problem solving and concurrent engineering.
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8. Steps In a Case Study
1.Determining present status:
The first step is to gather descriptive information which will determine,
as precisely as possible, the present status of the unit under
investigation. Here the investigator after knowing the problem tries to
find out the nature and extent of the problem.
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2. Gathering background information:
Once the researcher is able to achieve an accurate description of the present situation,
he collects background data. Here the researcher collects information about and
examines the circumstances leading to the current status. At this stage, the investigator
compiles a reasonable list of the possible causes of the present situation. He formulates
the hypotheses about the true nature of the situation by making use of symptoms which
appear in the data by using the researcher’s past experiences with similar situations, and
by using the knowledge of the principles of human behavior.

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3. Testing suggested hypothesis:
At this step the researcher gathers specific evidences in relation to each
of the hypotheses suggested from the background information just
gathered. The individual’s behavior is usually determined by several
factors. The researcher tries to locate the factors, which are influential
and therefore, are important. He tries to eliminate those, which are not.

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4. Instituting remedial action:
The case studies are generally carried on to make an intensive
examination of problem cases. Therefore, the researcher tries to find out
how one or more of the hypothesized difficulties actually contributed to
the original difficulties. This is accomplished by instituting some remedial
or corrective program and then by examining as to what effect the change
has brought about.

12. Problem Formulation
Problem formulation is the name given to the following two steps:
1.Defining the Problem
2.Forming model.
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