The document provides an overview of energy management and energy audits. It defines energy and various types of energy like mechanical, thermal, nuclear, chemical, and electromagnetic. Energy management aims to optimize energy use and reduce costs. The objectives are to minimize energy procurement and utilization costs without affecting production. Energy audits identify ways to reduce energy consumption per unit of output. Preliminary audits establish baseline consumption while detailed audits evaluate all energy consuming systems and equipment to identify savings opportunities through a ten step process. The document outlines the various instruments used in energy audits to measure consumption.
Industrial energy auditing and reportingVignesh Sekar
Industrial Energy Audit is defined as the verification, monitoring and analysis of energy use including submission of technical report containing all the recommendations for improving energy efficiency with cost analysis and an action plan to reduce consumption
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Demand Side Management” means the actions of a Distribution Licensee, beyond the customer's meter, with the objective of altering the end-use of electricity
Energy Management PowerPoint Presentation SlidesSlideTeam
This complete deck can be used to present to your team. It has PPT slides on various topics highlighting all the core areas of your business needs. This complete deck focuses on Energy Management PowerPoint Presentation Slides and has professionally designed templates with suitable visuals and appropriate content. This deck consists of total of sixty five slides. All the slides are completely customizable for your convenience. You can change the colour, text and font size of these templates. You can add or delete the content if needed. Get access to this professionally designed complete presentation by clicking the download button below. http://bit.ly/2HcxVBI
An energy audit is an inspection survey and an analysis of energy flows for energy conservation in a building. It may include a process or system to reduce the amount of energy input into the system without negatively affecting the output. In commercial and industrial real estate, an energy audit is the first step in identifying opportunities to reduce energy expense and carbon footprint.
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Industrial energy auditing and reportingVignesh Sekar
Industrial Energy Audit is defined as the verification, monitoring and analysis of energy use including submission of technical report containing all the recommendations for improving energy efficiency with cost analysis and an action plan to reduce consumption
What is load managementWhat is load managementWhat is load managementWhat is load managementWhat is load managementWhat is load managementWhat is load managementWhat is load managementWhat is load managementWhat is load managementWhat is load managementWhat is load managementWhat is load managementWhat is load managementWhat is load managementWhat is load managementWhat is load managementWhat is load managementWhat is load managementWhat is load managementWhat is load managementWhat is load managementWhat is load managementWhat is load managementWhat is load managementWhat is load managementWhat is load managementWhat is load managementWhat is load managementWhat is load managementWhat is load managementWhat is load managementWhat is load managementWhat is load managementWhat is load managementWhat is load managementWhat is load managementWhat is load management
Demand Side Management” means the actions of a Distribution Licensee, beyond the customer's meter, with the objective of altering the end-use of electricity
Energy Management PowerPoint Presentation SlidesSlideTeam
This complete deck can be used to present to your team. It has PPT slides on various topics highlighting all the core areas of your business needs. This complete deck focuses on Energy Management PowerPoint Presentation Slides and has professionally designed templates with suitable visuals and appropriate content. This deck consists of total of sixty five slides. All the slides are completely customizable for your convenience. You can change the colour, text and font size of these templates. You can add or delete the content if needed. Get access to this professionally designed complete presentation by clicking the download button below. http://bit.ly/2HcxVBI
An energy audit is an inspection survey and an analysis of energy flows for energy conservation in a building. It may include a process or system to reduce the amount of energy input into the system without negatively affecting the output. In commercial and industrial real estate, an energy audit is the first step in identifying opportunities to reduce energy expense and carbon footprint.
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Energy Audit is a thorough exercise carried out for Energy Conservation and Energy Efficiency of Industrial Plants for optimized use of Energy. This is not only important for saving significant production costs but also a environmentally friendly.
Energy Conservation and Energy Efficiency are most interchangeably used. However Energy Conservation and Energy Efficiency although related terms are quite different. Energy Conservation is about saving energy in the existing system or setup by plugging wastage. Whereas Energy Efficiency is about minor improvements in existing system or replacement of existing equipment within the system by more energy efficient equipment or retrofits which can deliver same output with lesser energy input.
Energy Audit is a highly recommended exercise for manufacturing units as it enables them to gain competitive advantage by cutting down on production costs. Consequently it is also a step in the direction of going green.
The judicious and effective use of energy to maximize profits (minimize
costs) and enhance competitive positions”
The strategy of adjusting and optimizing energy, using systems and procedures so as to reduce energy requirements per unit of output while holding constant or reducing total costs of producing the output from these systems”
1. general energy use problems & energy auditneetu meena
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Energy Auditing/ Energy conservation ppt by Varun Pratap SinghVarun Pratap Singh
Download Link (Copy URL):
https://sites.google.com/view/varunpratapsingh/teaching-engagements
Unit-1:
PPT for Energy Conservation Subject (Updated Aug,2018).
Energy Audit / Energy Conservation Basics by Varun Pratap SinghVarun Pratap Singh
Download Link (Copy URL):
https://sites.google.com/view/varunpratapsingh/teaching-engagements
In this PPT Basics of ENERGY CONSERVATION and first unit of "ENERGY CONSERVATION" course work of Uttarakhand Technical University is discussed.
The presentation provides a basic understanding of the Environmental Management System certification ISO 14001 with regard to mineral based industries.
This is a presentation which was sent to me by a friend. Being a topic which remains a perennial cause of concern I felt that I should share it with everyone - hence this upload.
Maintenance outsourcing has become a common byword. The presentation delves upon common maintenance practices and how to proper outsourcing can lead to a zero defect scenario.
In any shaft accessed underground mine wire ropes serve as virtual lifelines.Each rope has a different purpose but an important rope ( often not spoken about) is the guide rope. This ppt gives an overview of mining ropes and then delves on a very important parameter - lubrication of guide ropes.
Hydraulics today has become a way of life as most applications have some form of system ingrained. This paper is an endevor to present the very basics of hydraulics and overcome its basic fear.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
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Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
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We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
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State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
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The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
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2. WHAT IS ENERGY?
Definition: Energy is the capacity of a physical system to
perform work. Energy exists in several forms such as
heat, kinetic or mechanical energy, light, potential energy,
electrical or other forms.
According to the law of conservation of energy, the total
energy of a system remains constant, though energy may
transform into another form.
For example, two billiard balls colliding, may come to rest,
with the resulting energy converting to sound and
perhaps a little bit of heat, at the point of collision.
3. TYPES OF ENERGY
Mechanical energy
Mechanical energy is energy that results from movement or the location of an
object. Mechanical energy is the sum of Kinetic and Potential Energy.
Thermal energy
Thermal energy or heat energy reflects the temperature difference between
two systems.
Nuclear energy
Nuclear energy is energy resulting from changes in the atomic nuclei or from
nuclear
Chemical energy
Chemical energy results from chemical reactions between atoms or molecules.
There are different types of chemical energy, such as electrochemical energy
etc.
Electromagnetic energy
Electromagnetic energy is energy from light or electromagnetic waves.
4. Definition of Energy
Management
Energy Management is defined as “The
strategy of adjusting and optimizing energy,
using systems and procedures so as to
reduce energy requirements per unit of output
while holding constant or reducing total costs
of producing the output from these systems”
6. The Objectives of Energy Management
1.
To achieve
procurement
organization
and
and
maintain optimum energy
utilisation, throughout the
2.
To minimise energy costs / waste without affecting
production & quality
3.
To minimise environmental effects.
7. Energy Management Objectives Clarified
The basic objective of any Energy Management
System is to answer five simple questions:
How much energy is consumed
How is the energy consumed
Where is the energy consumed
When is the energy consumed
What is the quality of the energy consumed
In order to address these queries Energy
Audits are conducted. Lets understand audits -
8. Definition of Energy Audit
As per Indian Energy Conservation Act 2001,
Energy Audit is defined as:
“the verification, monitoring and analysis of use of energy
including submission of technical report containing
recommendations for improving energy efficiency with
cost benefit analysis and an action plan to reduce energy
consumption “
9. Why the Need for Energy Audit
The three top operating expenses are energy (both
electrical and thermal), labour and materials.
Energy would emerge as a top ranker for cost
reduction
primary objective of Energy Audit is to determine ways
to reduce energy consumption per unit of product
output or to lower operating costs
Energy Audit provides a “ bench-mark” (Reference
point) for managing energy in the organization
10. Types of Energy Audits
1.
Preliminary Energy Audit
2.
Targeted Energy Audit
3.
Detailed Energy Audit
11. Preliminary Energy Audit
Preliminary energy audit uses existing or easily obtained
data
Establishes the energy consumption in the organization
Estimates the scope for saving
Identifies the most likely areas for attention
Identifies immediate(no cost or low cost) improvements
Sets a ‘reference point’
Identifies areas for more detailed study/measurement
12. Targeted Energy Audits
Targeted energy audits are mostly based upon the
outcome of the preliminary audit results.
They provide data and detailed analysis on specified
target projects.
As an example, an organization may target its lighting
system or boiler system or compressed air system
with a view to bring about energy savings.
Targeted audits therefore involve detailed surveys of
the target subjects/areas with analysis of the energy
flows and costs associated with those targets.
13. Detailed Energy Audit
Detailed Energy Audit evaluates all systems and
equipment which consume energy and the audit
comprises a detailed study on energy savings and
costs.
Detailed Energy Audit is carried out in 3 phases
The Pre-audit Phase
The Audit Phase
The Post-Audit Phase
14. The Ten Steps for Detailed Audit
Step
No
PLAN OF ACTION
PURPOSE / RESULTS
Phase I –Pre Audit Phase
Step 1
• Resource planning, Establish/organize a
• Plan and organise
Energy audit team
• Walk through Audit
• Informal Interview with • Organize Instruments & time frame
Energy Manager, Production • Macro Data collection (suitable to type of
industry.)
/ Plant Manager
• Familiarization of process/plant activities
• First hand observation & Assessment of
current level operation and practices
Step 2
• Conduct of brief meeting / • Building up cooperation
awareness programme with • Issue questionnaire for each department
all divisional heads and • Orientation, awareness creation
persons concerned (2-3 hrs.)
15. Step 3
Phase II –Audit Phase
• Primary data gathering, •
Process Flow Diagram, &
Energy Utility Diagram
•
•
•
•
Step 4
•
Conduct
monitoring
survey
and •
Historic data analysis, Baseline data
collection
Prepare process flow charts
All service utilities system diagram
(Example: Single line power distribution
diagram, water, compressed air & steam
distribution.
Design, operating data and schedule of
operation
Annual Energy Bill and energy consumption
pattern (Refer manual, log sheet, name plate,
interview)
Measurements :
Motor survey, Insulation, and Lighting
survey with portable instruments for
collection of more and accurate data.
Confirm and compare operating data with
design data.
16. Step 5
•
Conduct of detailed trials
/experiments for selected
energy guzzlers
•
Trials/Experiments:
- 24 hours power monitoring (MD, PF,
kWh etc.).
- Load variations trends in pumps, fan
compressors etc.
- Boiler/Efficiency trials for (4 – 8
hours)
- Furnace Efficiency trials
Equipments
Performance
experiments etc
Step6
•
Analysis of energy use
•
Energy and Material balance & energy
loss/waste analysis
Step 7
•
Identification and
development of Energy
Conservation (ENCON)
opportunities
•
Identification & Consolidation ENCON
measures
Conceive, develop, and refine ideas
Review the previous ideas suggested by unit
personal
Review the previous ideas suggested by
energy audit if any
Use brainstorming and value analysis
techniques
Contact
vendors
for
new/efficient
technology
Step 8
•
Cost benefit analysis
•
•
•
Step9
•
Reporting & Presentation to
the Top Management
Assess
technical
feasibility,
economic
viability and prioritization of ENCON
options for implementation
Select the most promising projects
Prioritise by low, medium, long term
measures
Documentation, Report Presentation to the top
Management.
17. Step10
Phase III –Post Audit phase
•
Implementation and Follow- Assist and Implement ENCON recommendation
measures and Monitor the performance
up
Action
plan,
Schedule
for
implementation
Follow-up and periodic review
18. Questions which an Energy Auditor
should ask
What function does this system serve?
How does this system serve its function?
What is the energy consumption of this system?
What are the indications that this system is working
properly ?
If this system is not working, how can it be restored
to good working conditions/
How can the energy cost of this system be reduced?
19. DETAILED ENERGY AUDIT
A TYPICAL INDUSTRIAL FORMAT
Energy Audit Team
Executive Summary –Scope & Purpose
Energy Audit Options & Recommendations
1.0 Introduction about the plant
1.1 General Plant details and descriptions
1.2 Component of production cost (Raw materials, energy, chemicals,
manpower, overhead, others)
1.3 Major Energy use and Areas
2.0 Production Process Description
2.1 Brief description of manufacturing process
2.2 Process flow diagram and Major Unit operations
2.3 Major Raw material Inputs, Quantity and Costs
3.0 Energy and Utility System Description
3.1 List of Utilities
3.2 Brief Description of each utility
3.2.1 Electricity
3.2.2 Steam
3.2.3 Water
3.2.4 Compressed air
3.2.5 Chilled water
3.2.6 Cooling water
20. 4.0 Detailed Process flow diagram and Energy& Material balance
4.1 Flow chart showing flow rate, temperature, pressures of all inputOutput streams
4Water balance for entire industry
5.0 Energy efficiency in utility and process systems
5.1 Specific Energy consumption
5.2 Boiler efficiency assessment
5.3 Thermic Fluid Heater performance assessments
5.4 Furnace efficiency Analysis
5.5 Cooling water system performance assessment
5.6 DG set performance assessment
5.7 Refrigeration system performance
5.8 Compressed air system performance
5.9 Electric motor load analysis
5.10 Lighting system
6.0 Energy Conservation Options & Recommendations
6.1 List of options in terms of no cost, low cost, medium cost and high cost, annual energy
savings and payback
6.2 Implementation plan for energy saving measures/Projects
ANNEXURE
Al. List of instruments
A2. List of Vendors and Other Technical details
21. All Energy Audits require many measurements.
Some common Instruments used are shown above
23. Identification of Energy
Conservation Factors & Areas
Steps for conserving energy can be taken if
we know the correct factors and areas to
be studied and also details of fuels used.
These can be:
Energy generation
Energy distribution
Energy usage by processes
Fuel substitution
24. Technical and Economic feasibility- Factors
Technology availability, space, skilled manpower, reliability,
service,Impact of measure on safety, quality, production or
process.Maintenance requirements and spares availability
Sample Worksheet for Economic Feasibility
Name of Energy Efficiency Measure
i.
Investment
a. Equipments
b. Civil works
c. Instrumentati
on
d. Auxiliaries
2. Annual operating costs
•
•
•
•
•
Cost of capital
Maintenance
Manpower
Energy
Depreciation
Net Savings /Year (Rs./year)
= (Annual savings-annual operating costs)
3. Annual savings
•
•
•
•
Thermal Energy
Electrical Energy
Raw material
Waste disposal
Payback period in months
= (Investment/net savings/year) x 12
25. Energy Costs in Indian Scenario ?
Common Fuels
• Fuel oil,• Low Sulphur Heavy
Stock (LSHS),• Light Diesel
Oil (LDO),• Liquefied
Petroleum Gas (LPG)
•
Coal,• Lignite,• Wood
Fuels Cost Inputs &
Factors
Price at source, transport
charge, type of transport,
Quality of fuel
Contaminations, Moisture,
Energy content (GCV)
Power Costs
In India Electricity costs vary
substantially not only from
State to State, but also from
city to city and also within
consumer
to consumer – though power
does the same work
everywhere.
Reason:
•Tariff Structure
27. Benchmarking
Benchmarking can be a useful tool for understanding
energy consumption patterns in the industrial sector
and also to take requisite measures for improving
energy efficiency.
FACTORS INVOLVED:
Scale of operation
Vintage of technology
Raw material specifications and quality
Product specifications and quality
28. Benchmarking for Energy
Performance
• Internal Benchmarking
− Historical and trend analysis
• External Benchmarking
− Across similar industries
Scale of operation, vintage of technology,
raw material specification and quality and
product specification and quality
29. Bench Marking Energy
Performance
Quantification of fixed and variable energy consumption
trends vis-à-vis production levels
Comparison of the industry energy performance w.r.t.
various production levels (capacity utilization)
Identification of best practices (based on the external
benchmarking data)
Scope and margin available for energy consumption and
cost reduction
Basis for monitoring and target setting exercises
30. Benchmarking parameters
Production or Equipment Related
•Gross production related
kWh/MT clinker or cement produced (Cement plant)
e.g. kWh/MT, kCal/kg, paper produced (Paper plant)
e.g.
•Equipment / utility related
e.g. kWh/ton of refrigeration (on Air conditioning plant)
e.g. kWh /litre in a diesel power generation plant.
31. Measuring Energy Performance
Production Factor
=
Current year’s production
Reference year’s production
Reference Year Equivalent Energy Use
The reference year’s equivalent energy use (or reference year equivalent) is the energy that
would have been used to produce the current year’s production output.
The reference year equivalent is obtained by multiplying the reference year energy use by the
production factor (obtained above)
Reference year equivalent = Reference year energy use x Production factor
Plant Energy Performance is the improvement or deterioration from the reference year.
It is a measure of plant’s energy progress.
Plant energy performance = Reference year equivalent – Current year’s energy
Reference year equivalent
x 100
32. Maximizing System Efficiencies
- Some Measures
Replace pumps, fans, air compressors, refrigeration
compressors, boilers, furnaces, heaters and other
energy conservation equipment, wherever significant
energy efficiency margins exist
Eliminate steam leakages by trap improvements
Maximize condensate recovery
Adopt
combustion controls for maximizing
combustion efficiency
33. Matching Energy Usage to Requirement
The mismatch between equipment capacity and user
requirement often leads to inefficiencies due to part load
operations, wastages etc. It is thus essential that proper
energy matching studies are carried out & actions
implemented.
Examples :
Eliminate throttling
Eliminate damper operations
Fan resizing for better efficiency.
Moderation of chilled water temperature for process chilling needs
34. Optimising Energy Input Requirement
In order to ensure that the energy given to the system is
being put to optimal use, site specific measures and
checks should be carried out regularly.
EXAMPLES:
Shuffling of compressors to match needs.
Periodic review of insulation thickness
Identify potential for heat exchanger networking and process
integration.
35. Fuel and Energy Substitution –
key steps towards conservation
Fuel substitution
Replacement of coal by coconut shells, rice husk
etc
Replacement of LDO by LSHS
Energy substitution
Replacement of electric heaters by steam heaters
Replacement of steam based hot water by solar
systems
{"11":" \n2. Collect the existing data e.g., a energy bills(volume/cost)\n Collect the Production output/records plant layouts using checklists\n \n3. Analyse data:\n Find unit cost of energy (Rs./ kWh for all types)\n Find fixed and variable energy element\n Derive ‘energy Index’: energy cost/unit output ,energy cost/floor area \n4. Formulate plan:\nFormulate Immediate energy-saving actions: Where? How ? How much?\n Areas to investigate further\n Resources required for more detailed study\n \n5. Actions and monitoring\n \nNext steps (e.g. detailed audits), where needed \n","29":"Benchmarking energy performance permits\n \nQuantification of fixed and variable energy consumption trends vis-à-vis production levels\n \nComparison of the industry energy performance w.r.t. various production levels (capacity utilization)\n \nIdentification of best practices (based on the external benchmarking data)\nScope and margin available for energy consumption and cost reduction\nBasis for monitoring and target setting exercises.\n","10":"Type of Energy Audit\n \nThe type of Energy Audit to be performed depends on.\n \n- the function and type of industry\n- the depth to which final audit is needed, and \n- the potential and magnitude of cost reduction desired\n \nThus Energy Audit can be classified into the following two types.\n \ni) Preliminary Audit\nii) Detailed Audit\n"}