Engineering Drawings
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Structural engineering drawings show details of buildings and structures, applying math and science concepts to design stability and sustainability. They communicate designs between teams and archive geometric forms. Engineering drawings are technical and precise, using standardized elements like lines, scales, dimensions, projections, and hatches. They exist in 2D styles like plans, sections and elevations, and 3D styles like orthographic projections and pictorials.
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Engineering Drawings
- 1. Introduction to Drawing ( ITD – ARC30103 ) Lim Joe Onn Jaclyn Hwang Jeff Ong Natalie Ki Pang Khai Shuen Structural Engineering Drawings
- 3. Introduction A type of technical drawing that shows details and information such as… RoofsFoundations Beams Applies Math and Science concepts to design structures, resulting in stability and sustainability of the structure.
- 5. To archive the geometric form of the design. To communicate ideas between designers and manufacturing personnel. To act as an analysing tool. To stimulate the design. To serve as a completing checker. To support large number of perspective references. Importance
- 6. Thank You Steps involved in producing Engineering Drawings
- 18. Lines
- 19. Scales Engineering Drawings are always to scale. 1:100 1:50 1:25 1:10 1:5
- 20. Dimensions Factors to take into consideration: method and line type that is used for dimensioning. The linear dimension would be the overall, auxiliary depiction and the second form of dimensioning would be the diameter and radii of the structure. A mixture of the two would depict the position of ‘The Hole’ in an engineering drawing.
- 22. - Shows the builder and others the required size for every parts of the building. - Unbroken lines. - 2 mm away from the object being dimensioned.
- 23. 2-Dimensional (2D) There are multiple types of 2D Drawing Types in Structural Engineering. - Plan: ‘Top View’, ‘Floor Plan’ & ‘Roof Plan’ - Sections: ‘Cross-Section’ & ‘Longitudinal Section’ - Elevations: ‘Front Elevation’, ‘Right Elevation’, ‘Left Elevation’ and ‘Rear Elevation’
- 25. 3-Dimensional (3D) 3-Dimensional engineering drawings are also known as ‘Production Drawings’ The 3-Dimensional (3D) Drawing Types: - Orthogonal Projections - Pictorial Drawing: Isometric & Oblique - ‘’Working Drawings’’
- 28. Orthographic Projection Orthographic projection drawings are used to describe buildings, structures or objects pictorially. Showed through first and third angle projection.
- 32. Graphical Projection Graphical Projection drawings have two different types: 1) Perspective projection 2) Parallel projection
- 36. Hatchings for Materials Usually used in sectional views. To show the materials of the structure cut by the section plane.
- 40. Thank You Thank you.
- 41. • B.S. 1192 : Part 1,2,3,4,5 Construction Drawing Practice • Construction Unit (1998), Computer-Aided Design using MicroStation 95, Industrial Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. • Dennis Neeley (1996), CAD and the Practise of Architecture, New York, N.Y.: J. Wiley • Earle James H., (1991), Drafting Technology, Addison-Wesley • Elsheikh Ahmed (1995), An Introduction to Drawing for Civil Engineers, McGraw- Hill • Jude D.V., (1983), Civil Engineering Drawing London ; New York : Granada • Muller Edward J (1996). Reading Architectural Working Drawing , Prentice Hall • Pickup F. & Parker M. A. (1970) Engineering Drawing with Worked Example London : Hutchinson. • Ratensky A. (1983), Drawing and Model making, Whitney Library of Design • Thompson Arthur, (1993). An Introduction to Construction Drawing, London : E. Arnold. • ‘’ Engineering Drawings – Sixth Edition’’ by A.W Boundy (604.2) • ‘’Introduction to Engineering Drawing – Second Edition’’ by Warren J. Luzadder & Jon M. Duff ( 604.2) Guarantee at least 70% referencing from books! References
Editor's Notes
- Today, I am presenting an introduction to engineering drawings for the first assignment of introduction to drawing (code ARC 30103)
- A branch of civil engineering. Build tunnels. Columns, Wall sections. Closely tied with public safety.
- This is an example of an engineering drawing. Difference between engineering drawings and architectural drawings is that: Engineering drawings are more structured, detailed, and less focus on aesthetic elements, many factors considered (safety)
- Engineering drawings are ESSENTIAL. Without them, you can’t build. Communication between engineer and workers. Units used are standard. Check-up: columns at right position etc.
- Hands to engineer. Architect plans, deals with form and function. Engineer decides the skeleton of building.
- Steel Concrete Masonry Wood. Masonry = individual units laid on one another.
- Makes a choice of structural type, selection of material, estimation of cost
- Calculate maximum capacity of the loads. Specifications and codes (Design Code) are usually part of info abt loads.
- Stress analysis is the engineering discipline that determines the stress and strain in materials and structures. Rendering, ease pressure at pressurised areas. RED is STRESS. Trial and error.
- Selects suitable sizes and shapes of members and their connections(BOLTS AND NUTS) According to results of stress analysis
- Structural scheme is produced. AutoCAD. Draftsmen assist engineers in drawing engineering drawings. Engineers make the final decisions.
- Structural concept, layout, dimension included in structural scheme The authorities will check the regulations and will notify if their any changes to be made.
- If there are problems, amendments have to be made. As built drawings are drawn during the construction phase. It is one of the requirements for authorities to award CCC. OLDER DRAWINGS DRAWN BY HAND.
- Lines, marking columns and beams. Measurements, dimensions, proporions. Diff floors. Symbol A, B represent cross sections.
- One of the elements are the types of lines. There are many different types and each one represents a different meaning.
- Another major element in engineering drawings are the scales. Scale rulers are used in the drawings as they are always drawn TO SCALE. Scaling is VITAL as things built in site MUST BE EXACT. Any miscalculations will have terrible consequences.
- In the dimensioning of engineering drawings, the factors to consider are the line type, the depiction, diameter and radii
- Here are examples of dimensioning being applied.
- All dimensioning arrows are unbroken and drawn 2 millimetre away from the object.
- There are 3 styles of depicting 2D engineering drawings. The plan, the sections and the elevations
- This is a 2D roof plan
- For 3 dimensional drawings, also known as production drawings. It includes orthogonal projections, pictorial drawings and working drawings.
- This is a 3d drawing of a building
- The first is Orthographic Projection. These projects the first and third angles of structures.
- This is an orthographic drawing.
- This diagram shows the views from multiple angles.
- These are more detailed versions of plan view and side view. Provides the reader a view of the structural members. HOW THEY SUPPORT AND TRANSMIT LOAD TO GROUND.
- The next type is graphical projection, which includes perspective and parallel.
- The top diagram is perspective projection, which is more realistic while the one below is parallel projection, which looks into minute details from multiple angles.
- These are many more other types of projections
- Axonometric. Isometrics. Dimetrics.
- HATCHINGS
- Contractors must be very careful when deciphering the hatchings in engineering drawings. If they don’t, the materials may be incorrect.
- design fault and inappropriate materials, structural collapse
- To conclude, engineering drawings are complicated yet essential in the industry.
- It is clearly shown that MOST of our references come from books.