TECHNICAL DRAWING & GRAPHICS

1. Department of
Mechanical Engineering Technology
Dr. Irfan Ahmad Gondal (TI)
Chairperson
Technical Drawing and Graphics (MT-123)

3. Time-Table
Spring semester 2023
Day Class Time Subject Lab/LR
Monday
BSc MET 2nd
Semester
09:00 – 12:00 Hrs Technical Drawing and Graphics (Pr) Cyber security Lab (IET)
Tuesday
BSc MET 2nd
Semester
08:00-09:00 Hrs Technical Drawing and Graphics (Th) MET-01
Thursday
BSc MET 2nd
Semester
09:00 – 12:00 Hrs Technical Drawing and Graphics (Pr) Cyber security Lab (IET)

4. Class Structure & Policies
 Attendance Mandatory
Attendance marked as absent after 5 minutes for coming late
 Assignments, Quizzes & Classwork
Regular in work, class quizzes and assignments.
Work due as specified
Late work as per instructions
 Sessional & Viva
As per university policies
 Examinations
As per university policies

5. In-Class rules and regulations
 Cell phones to kept on silent. No messaging, receiving calls during lecture
 Students that come late will be marked as absent automatically
 No gossips during the lecture
 All students are required to be present in the lab part from start to end

6. Weightage of Marks
Assignments 15
Quiz 10 100%
Midterm 25
Final exam 50

7. Course Description & Objective
A basic course of Technical Drawing & CAD-I at undergraduate level. The students will
learn and develop the ability to comprehend the science of Engineering Drawing and
hence be able to convey their creative ideas effectively.

8. Importance of Technical Drawing & CAD-I course
• What is meant by the following terms? Ever heard of it?

9. Drawing & Graphics
“The art of representation of an object by systematic lines on a paper is called
drawing”
Engineering drawing is a formal and precise way of communicating information
about the shape, size, features and precision of physical objects.
Engineering Drawing is the universal language of Engineering.

11. Engineering Graphics
Engineering Graphics is the Principal Method of communication in Engineering and Science.
It is the language of Designers, Engineers and Technicians to communicate Design and
Construction Details.

12. The Graphic Language
Graphic Language may be defined as the graphic representation of physical objects and their
relationship.
The language of graphics may be written in the form of drawings using straight and curved lines
which represent the shape, size and specifications of physical objects. Like every language, the
graphic language has its own rules of Grammar. The rules are governed by certain code of practice
( BS 8888 Latest , and supersedes BS 308 of 1927 )
The importance of graphic language can be understood by the fact that an engineer, who does not
have a sound knowledge of the theory of projection and conventions related to drawings, cannot
be, by any means, considered professionally efficient.

13. Traditional Drafting
The traditional drafting is the preparation of these drawings manually, by free hand
sketching or with the help of drawing instruments.
Engineering drawings are made up of straight and curved lines to represent the surfaces,
edges and center of the objects, symbols; Dimensional values and word-notes are added to
these lines so they could collectively make the complete description.
Free-hand drawing is done by sketching the lines without instruments other than pencil
and eraser. Preparation of drawings to scale, using various drawing instruments is the
standard conventional drafting / drafting method.
After preparation of the scaled drawings, they are traced using instruments and ink pens
onto are tracing papers far taking prints.

14. Drafting
Drafting is a graphic language having its own alphabet and grammar.
It requires visualization and implementation
Two main classes of technical drawing:
Artistic and Technical OR Engineering Drawing.

15. Drafting
Artistic Drawing (free hand or model drawing)
Artistic express emotions, philosophic or aesthetic ideas.
The art of representation of an object such as painting, cinema slide advertisement
boards, etc. by the artist by his imagination or by keeping the object before him is
known as artistic drawing.
Engineering Drawing (instrument drawing)
Technical drawings show how objects really are.
The art of representation of an engineering objects such a s buildings, roads,
machines, etc, on a paper is called engineering drawing.

16. Sketching & Drawing Process
Visual Perception
Interactive Process :Sketching & Drawing
Imagination
Representation

17. Engineering Drawing
Engineering drawing can be divided from Engineering point of view into the
following categories:
Geometrical drawing
Plane geometrical drawing
Solid geometrical drawing
Civil Engineering drawing
Electrical and Electronic Engineering drawing
Chemical Engineering drawing
Mechanical Engineering drawing

18. Engineering Drawing
Geometrical Drawing
The art of representation of geometrical objects such as rectangle, square, cube, cone,
cylinder, sphere etc. on a paper is called geometrical drawing.
Plane geometrical drawing – 2 D
The art of representation of objects having two dimensions i-e Length and width such as square,
rectangle, triangle etc. on a paper is called plane geometrical drawing
Solid geometrical drawing – 3 D
The art of representation of objects having three dimensions i-e length, width and height such as
cube, prism, cylinder, sphere etc. on a paper is called solid geometrical drawing. It is also called
descriptive or practical solid geometrical drawing.

19. Engineering Drawing
Mechanical Engineering Drawing Or Machine Drawing
The art of representation of Mechanical Engineering object such as machines,
machine parts or components on paper is called Mechanical Engineering drawing or
Machine Drawing
Civil Engineering Drawing
The art of representation f civil engineering objects such as Roads, Buildings,
Bridges, Dams etc. on a paper is called Civil Engineering Drawing.

20. Engineering Drawing
Electrical and Electronic Engineering Drawing
The art of representation of electrical objects such as motors, generators poles,
towers, transformers, wiring diagrams etc. on a paper is called electrical engineering
drawing.
The art of representation of electronic circuits of T.V., V.C.R., calculators, computers,
etc. on a paper is called electronic engineering drawing or electronic drawing.

21. Objective of Mechanical Engineering Drawing
The purpose of Mechanical Engineering drawing is to accurately and
unambiguously capture all the geometric features of a product or a component.
The End Goal of an Engineering Drawing is to convey all the required
information that will allow a Manufacturer to produce that component.

22. Standards & Conventions
Engineering drawings are usually created in accordance with standardized conventions for
layout, nomenclature, interpretation, appearance (such as typefaces and line styles), size along
with tolerances etc.

23. Application and Classification
Engineering drawing can be classified according to the areas of application. The
prominent types and branches of applications are as follows:
oMachine Drawing (Mech.production & Maintenance, Agricultural Engg.)
oStructural Drawing (Mechanical and Civil Engg.)
oTopographic and Engineering Map Drawing (Civil Engg.)
oBuilding Drawing (Civil and Architectural Engg.)
oPiping Drawing (Mechanical and Chemical Engg.)
oElectrical Machine Drawing (Electrical and Mechanical Engg.)
oElectronic Drawing ( Electronics, communication and Computer Engg.)

24. Computer Aided Drafting (CAD)
The drawings are prepared with the help of computer and prints of required size taken
by using the output devices.
CAD is defined as a process of producing drawing in which computers software and
associated with hardware are used. Now a day’s microcomputers are widely employed
for automated drafting compared to Traditional drafting, CAD is faster as well as
efficient.
Modifications can be brought out very easily depending on drafting tasks. The
production of drawings can be increased to about to 10 times with a good CAD system.
In modern industry the traditional drafting is being replaced by CAD.

25. Computer Aided Drafting (CAD)
This does not mean that Traditional Drafting instruments are totally removed by computer
and related output devices. The computer (Hardware and Software) is only a strong tool to
produce accurate drawings in the shortest time.
Trained Designers and Drafters who know Engineering Drawing very well can operate
the CAD systems .
This training in Drafting is given by using Traditional Graphic Instruments. After
understanding the Engineering Drawing by Traditional Drafting Methods one can gain
expertise in the use of CAD systems to develop the Skill and Speed for excellent
performance.

26. Basic Drawing Information
GEOMETRY: Or shape of the object represented / projected as views : which show as many sides as
needed for completeness.
FV / Elevation , TV / Plan , SIDE , X - section
Cross Sections: A view that is good for showing interior features.
DIMENSIONS: These are the most important and most complicated part of the drawing. There is
more to it than just the numerical values.
TOLERANCES: Allowable variation for each Dimension.
MATERIAL: Represent what the item is made of.
FINISH: Specify the surface quality, functional or cosmetic.
PANEL OR TITLE: Lower right corner, containing information, part name, Angle of projection,
designer, standards of measurement ( ISO or inch system) etc.

27. LAYOUT OF DRAWING SHEET

28. LAYOUT OF DRAWING SHEET
The selection of suitable scale and allotment of proper space for , Margin, Various Views ,
Panel / Title Block, revision panel, folding marks, etc. on the Drawing Sheet is known as Layout of
Drawing Sheet.

30. LAYOUT DRAWING SHEET - CLASS WORK

31. DRAWING SHEET LAYOUT
Details of side TITLE BLOCK

32. Standard Metric Sizes
Designation
Size of sheet
Length
mm
Width
mm
A0 841 1189
A1 594 841
A2 420 594
A3 297 420
A4 210 297
A5 148 210
A6 105 148

34. Drawing Symbols

35. THANK YOU !