Nursing Care of patient while giving enema. Enemas are injections of fluids used to cleanse or stimulate the emptying of your bowel. This procedure has been used for years to treat constipation and similar issues. Constipation is a severe condition that slows down the movement of your stool. It also makes the stool hard and difficult to excrete. # Study Purpose # For nursing students
Sitz bath is most commonly performed procedure in relevance to better wound healing through vasodilation effect. Lets see the Healing power of water
its is commonly performed to postnatal primigravida mothers for healing of perineal lacerations or tears or episiotomy.
Sitz bath is most commonly performed procedure in relevance to better wound healing through vasodilation effect. Lets see the Healing power of water
its is commonly performed to postnatal primigravida mothers for healing of perineal lacerations or tears or episiotomy.
Nurse /doctor will insert two lubricated, gloved fingers into your vagina with one hand, while the other hand presses gently on the outside of your lower abdomen. During this part of the exam, your doctor will check the size and shape of your uterus and ovaries, noting any tender areas or unusual growths.
Tepid Sponge Bath lecture and procedure for First Year Level Nursing students during their Return Demonstration. This is taken from a procedure manual good for both students and instructor.
hot application in fundamental of nursing, include of definition,purpose,therapeutic effect,effect on physiology,and sencondery,procedure of appplying hot application on patient with the intervention
hair wash is a care of the hair require for patients who are in the bed. this demonstration is very helpful to all the nursing students or nursing staff as well as other people who work with patients.
cold application in fundamental of nursing including of definition,purpose effect in physiology and secondary effect,therapeutic effect and procdure of applying cold application of patient
Enteral feeding is a narrow feeding tube is place through nose down it to stomach. This tube is used to give fluid, medication and liquid food complete with nutrients directly in to stomach.
#ppt on Enteral Feeding, #Enteral Feeding
Nurse /doctor will insert two lubricated, gloved fingers into your vagina with one hand, while the other hand presses gently on the outside of your lower abdomen. During this part of the exam, your doctor will check the size and shape of your uterus and ovaries, noting any tender areas or unusual growths.
Tepid Sponge Bath lecture and procedure for First Year Level Nursing students during their Return Demonstration. This is taken from a procedure manual good for both students and instructor.
hot application in fundamental of nursing, include of definition,purpose,therapeutic effect,effect on physiology,and sencondery,procedure of appplying hot application on patient with the intervention
hair wash is a care of the hair require for patients who are in the bed. this demonstration is very helpful to all the nursing students or nursing staff as well as other people who work with patients.
cold application in fundamental of nursing including of definition,purpose effect in physiology and secondary effect,therapeutic effect and procdure of applying cold application of patient
Enteral feeding is a narrow feeding tube is place through nose down it to stomach. This tube is used to give fluid, medication and liquid food complete with nutrients directly in to stomach.
#ppt on Enteral Feeding, #Enteral Feeding
Group Dynamic(presentation for nursing management)ABHIJIT BHOYAR
Group dynamics is a system of behaviors and psychological processes occurring within a social group (intragroup dynamics), or between social groups (intergroup dynamics)
the practice of training people to obey rules and behave well.
the practice of training your mind and body so that you control your actions and obey rules; a way of doing this
Isoenzymes (or isozymes) are a group of enzymes that catalyze the same reaction but have different enzyme forms and catalytic efficiencies. Isozymes are usually distinguished by their electrophoretic mobilities.
An enzyme is a biological catalyst and is almost always a protein. It speeds up the rate of a specific chemical reaction in the cell. The enzyme is not destroyed during the reaction and is used over and over.
A complete cholesterol test — also called a lipid panel or lipid profile — is a blood test that can measure the amount of cholesterol and triglycerides in your blood
Cholesterol is a waxy substance found in your blood. Your body needs cholesterol to build healthy cells, but high levels of cholesterol can increase your risk of heart disease.
Lipid metabolism entails the oxidation of fatty acids to either generate energy or synthesize new lipids from smaller constituent molecules. Lipid metabolism is associated with carbohydrate metabolism,
LIPIDS-Digestion and absorption of Lipids.pptxABHIJIT BHOYAR
The digestion of lipids begins in the oral cavity through exposure to lingual lipases, which are secreted by glands in the tongue to begin the process of digesting triglycerides.
The term essential fatty acids (EFA) refers to those polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that must be provided by foods because these cannot be synthesized in the body yet are necessary for health
Fatty acids are the building blocks of the fat in our bodies and in the food we eat. During digestion, the body breaks down fats into fatty acids, which can then be absorbed into the blood. Fatty acid molecules are usually joined together in groups of three, forming a molecule called a triglyceride.
Once the egg has left the ovary it can be fertilized and implant itself in the lining of the uterus. The main function of the uterus is to nourish the developing fetus prior to birth.
he kidneys are a vital organ critical to the human body. From filtering waste from blood to produce red blood cells, it serves a crucial role. With cells and tissue that work together in synchronized form for common function
If you like share this PPT presentation to nursing students. The pancreas is an organ and a gland. Glands are organs that produce and release substances in the body. The pancreas performs two main functions: Exocrine function: Produces substances (enzymes) that help with digestion.
he spleen is a fist-sized organ found in the upper left side of your abdomen, next to your stomach and behind your left ribs. It's an important part of your immune system but you can survive without it. This is because the liver can take over many of the spleen's functions
The Popliteal Fossa is a diamond-shaped space behind the knee joint. It is formed between the muscles in the posterior compartments of the thigh and leg. This anatomical landmark is the major route by which structures pass between the thigh and leg.
Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
of marketing resources. Formulating such competitive strategies fundamentally
involves recognizing relationships between elements of the marketing mix (e.g.,
price and product quality), as well as assessing competitive and market conditions
(i.e., industry structure in the language of economics).
The key differences between the MDR and IVDR in the EUAllensmith572606
In the European Union (EU), two significant regulations have been introduced to enhance the safety and effectiveness of medical devices – the In Vitro Diagnostic Regulation (IVDR) and the Medical Device Regulation (MDR).
https://mavenprofserv.com/comparison-and-highlighting-of-the-key-differences-between-the-mdr-and-ivdr-in-the-eu/
Affordable Stationery Printing Services in Jaipur | Navpack n PrintNavpack & Print
Looking for professional printing services in Jaipur? Navpack n Print offers high-quality and affordable stationery printing for all your business needs. Stand out with custom stationery designs and fast turnaround times. Contact us today for a quote!
Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
Company Valuation webinar series - Tuesday, 4 June 2024FelixPerez547899
This session provided an update as to the latest valuation data in the UK and then delved into a discussion on the upcoming election and the impacts on valuation. We finished, as always with a Q&A
Business Valuation Principles for EntrepreneursBen Wann
This insightful presentation is designed to equip entrepreneurs with the essential knowledge and tools needed to accurately value their businesses. Understanding business valuation is crucial for making informed decisions, whether you're seeking investment, planning to sell, or simply want to gauge your company's worth.
LA HUG - Video Testimonials with Chynna Morgan - June 2024Lital Barkan
Have you ever heard that user-generated content or video testimonials can take your brand to the next level? We will explore how you can effectively use video testimonials to leverage and boost your sales, content strategy, and increase your CRM data.🤯
We will dig deeper into:
1. How to capture video testimonials that convert from your audience 🎥
2. How to leverage your testimonials to boost your sales 💲
3. How you can capture more CRM data to understand your audience better through video testimonials. 📊
[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to ma...Lviv Startup Club
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to make small projects with small budgets profitable for the company (UA)
Kyiv PMDay 2024 Summer
Website – www.pmday.org
Youtube – https://www.youtube.com/startuplviv
FB – https://www.facebook.com/pmdayconference
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey through Full Sail University. Below, you’ll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
4. Non
Retension
Enema
SMALL ENEMA
(Less than 10
ounce liquid)
LARGE ENEMA
(More than 10
ounce liquid)
G Glycerine Enema
O Oil Enema
A Anthelmintic Enema
S Soap Water Enema
A Anthelmintic Enema
I Ice water Enema
C Cleansing Enema
C Carminative Enema
5. General purposes of Enema
To check diarrhea
e.g. starch opium
enema.
To relieve
flatulence e.g.
carminative enema.
To stimulate
evacuation and
cleansing the large
bowel e.g. soap
solution enema.
To supply fluids and
nutrients. e.g.
nutritive enema.
To soften hard fecal
matter, e.g. oil
enema.
6. General purposes of Enema
To stimulate a patient
in shock and collapse.
e.g. stimulant enema.
To reduce
temperature e.g.
cold enema.
To make diagnosis.
e.g. barium enema.
To cleanse the bowels
before x-ray studies,
surgery or delivery of a
body - e.g. saline enema.
To induce
anesthesia -
anesthetic enema.
To stimulate
peristalsis. e.g.
purgative enema.
7. Large enema / SOAP - WATER
ENEMA
PURPOSE
■ To stimulate defecation and treat constipation of two to
three days.
■ To cleanse the bowel before surgery and child birth.
■ To soften fecal matter.
■ To relieve retention of urine by stimulating reflex action of
the bladder.
■ To relieve gaseous distention by stimulating peristalsis.
■ To cleanse the bowels before any type of retention enema.
RETURNING ENEMA
8. Articles Needed
■ A tray containing –
1. Enema can, rubber
tubing, glass connection,
screw clamp,
2. Mackintosh and draw
sheet,
3. A sterile catheter in a
bowl no. 8 or 12.
4. Lubricant,
5. Hot water in a jug,
6. Pint measure,
7. Soap jelly in a bottle,
8. I.V. Stand.
9. Toilet tray,
10.Bed pan-2.
9. Solutions Used
■ Soap water - soap jelly 50 ml to 1 litre of water.
■ Tap water -Amount of solution
Infants - 250 ml or less.
Children - 250 ml to 500 ml.
Adults - 500 ml to 1000 ml.
Temperature of solution
Children - 100 deg. F [ 37 deg. C ]
Adults - 105 to 110 deg. F [ 40.5 to 43 deg. C ]
10. Precautions
See that the whole apparatus is in working condition
The catheter or rectal tube must be soft and flexible to
avoid injury to the mucus membrane of the rectum.
The catheter should be lubricated to avoid friction.
11. Precautions
The amount of solution should be depended upon the age
and size of the person.
While giving enema, left lateral position is given so that
sigmoidcolon is below rectum, so that instillation of fluid
becomes easy.
The catheter should be inserted 3 to 4 inches in adults, and
1 to 1.5 inches in children.
12. Precautions
Regulate the flow of fluid.
Don't allow the air to enter into the rectum
so -remove the froth from the solution.
Expel air from the tube.
13. Precautions
Clamp the tube before emptying the can
completely.
Listen to the complaints of the patient and don't
ignore any discomfort however small it is.
14. Procedure ENEMA
■ Attach rubber tubing to the can,
apply clamp and close it.
■ Pour 1000 ml of soap solution in the
enema.
■ Apply Vaseline on the tube / catheter
and hang the can on the stand 45 cm
above the bed or 30 cm from the
body.
15. Procedure
• Keep the articles ready on the bed side
locker.
• Explain the procedure to the patient.
• Screen the patient
16. Procedure
■ Assist the patient to turn
to left lateral position
because the colon
descends on left side,
there fore flow of
solution is better.
■ Bring patient's hip toward
edge of bed.
17. Procedure
■ Turn top bedding down while covering the patient with
bath blanket.
■ Place the mackintosh and draw sheet under patient's
buttocks.
■ Arrange bath blanket so that the anus is exposed.
■ Wash hands to prevent cross infection.
18. Procedure
■ Expel air from the tubing by allowing a small amount
of solution to flow into kidney tray and close it again,
this also expels the air.
■ Separate the buttocks so that anus can be seen easily.
■ Instruct the patient to breathe deeply through his
mouth.
19. Procedure
■ Insert gently catheter 3 to 5 inches, then open enema
clamp and gently let the water run in.
■ Continue the fluid administration to give about 500 to
1000 ml of solution. If the patient develops
discomfort, stop the procedure.
■ Clamp the tubing before emptying the can completely
so that the air will not enter into the tubing and getting
to patient.
20. Procedure
■ Slowly withdraw the catheter, cover it with gauze
pieces and place it in the kidney tray.
■ Place the bedpan under the patient's buttocks, or assist
the patient to bathroom if possible. Give a call signal
and leave him alone.
21. After care of patient and
Articles
■ Remove all articles while patient is on the bedpan
clean it with soap and water ., clean, dry and place to
their usual places.
■ Remove patient's bedpan.
■ Assist the patient for perineal care.
22. ■ Give patient soap and water to wash hands, dry the
patient, put on the garments, change the linen if wet,
make the patient comfortable.
■ Observe the enema results, noting the colour,
consistency and the amount, obtain specimens if
required wash hands.
23. Recording, Reporting
■ Record the type of enema, the results observed if any,
with date and time on the patient's chart and on the
nurses record and sign.
■ Send the specimens, if any to the laboratory.
24. ■ CLEANSING ENEMA -It is given to cleanse the
bowel before x-ray studies, surgery and retension
enema. Normal saline one TSF to half litre of water or
soda bi carb solution is used for it.
■ CARMINATIVE ENEMA -It is given to relieve
gaseous distention of the abdomen, by increasing
peristalsis and expulsion of flatus. 8 to 16 ml of
turpentine is mixed with 500 to 1000 ml of soap
solution. It is also called as antispasmodic enema.
25. ■ ANTHELMINTIC ENEMA -It is given to destroy and
expel worms from the intestines. Hypertonic saline 60 ml
with 600 ml of water is mainly used for the enema. The
amount should be 250 ml. Cleansing enema must be given
prior to the anthelmintic enema, so that the drug can come
in direct contact with the worms and the lining of the
intestines.
■ ICE WATER ENEMA -This is given to reduce body
temperature in hyperpyrexia and heat stroke. It is given by
drip method. The temperature of the solution should be 65
to 75 deg. F.
26. Small Enema
■ In this type the amount of solution is 500 ml or less
than that so it is called as small enema. The sub types
are as follows Glycerine Enema
27. GLYCERINE ENEMA-
■ [Glycerin syringe] -It is given especially
in children and in fever patients.
■ The quantity of the solution depends
upon the age of patient.
■ Pure glycerin 2 to 4 dram is given with
rubber catheter and glycerin syringe.
■ 2 ounce water and 1 ounce glycerin.
■ 2:1. Pure glycerin can be used.
28. Purpose
■ When there is a constipation in children.
■ When there is 7 to 8 days constipation, the stool has
become hard.
■ Patient's with fever.
29. Articles
■ 1) Screen.
■ 2) Pure glycerin or mixture of glycerin and water.
Keep in the bowl in a hot water ,
■ 3) glycerin syringe,
■ 4) catheter,
■ 5) Kidney tray,
■ 6) mackintosh and draw sheet,
■ 7) Bed pan - 2,
■ 8) Toilet tray.
30. Procedure
■ Wash hands to prevent cross infection.
■ Collect the required articles and keep it to bed side
locker of the patient.
■ Screen the patient.
■ Explain the procedure to the patient and relatives.
■ Place mackintosh and draw sheet under the buttocks of
the patient and give left lateral position to the patient.
31. ■ Taken glycerine in the glycerine syringe and attach
catheter to the nosal.
■ Remove complete air.
■ Lubricate the catheter.
■ Insert the catheter gently 3 to 4 inches, and the
solution will go in.
32. ■ Push the piston slowly, so that the glycerine will go
into the rectum.
■ Slowly withdraw the catheter, cover it with gauze
pieces and place it in the kidney tray.
■ Encourage patient to retain the solution at least for 20
to 25 minutes.
■ Assist patient to bathroom if possible or bedpan.
33. After care of patient and Articles
■ Remove equipment, wash it with soap and water,
clean, dry and place to their usual places.
■ Remove patient's bedpan.
■ Assist the patient for perineal care.
■ Give patient soap and water to wash hands, dry the
patient, put on the garments, charge the linen if it is
wet, make the patient comfortable.
■ Observe the enema results, noting colour, consistency
and the amount, obtain specimens if required.
34. Recording, Reporting
■ Record the result of glycerine syringe with date and
time on the patient's chart and on the nurses notes and
sign.
■ Report any untoward observation to the ward sister.
35. OIL ENEMA
■ Oil enema is given to soften fecal matter in cases of severe
constipation and after operation on the rectum and
perineum.
■ It is given to avoid straining and injury to the sutures and
wounds.
■ The enema must be retained for half to one hour to soften
the faeces.
■ Olive oil or sweet oil is used for the enema.
36. ANTHELMINTIC ENEMA
■ It is given to destroy and expel the worms from the
intestines.
■ Cleansing enema must be given prior to the anthelmintic
enema, so that the drug can come in direct contact with the
worms and the lining of the intestines.
■ Hypertonic saline 60 ml with 600 ml of water is mainly
used for the enema. The amount should be 250 ml.
37. ■ Retention enemas are given slowly with small rectal
catheter and funnel.
■ Usually are given for retention and absorption.
■ The amount is usually 6-8 ounces. [ 150 - 200 ml ].
■ Temperature is usually at body temperature except
stimulating enema which is given at 107 to 110 deg. F.
RETENTION ENEMA
38. NUTRIENT ENEMA
■ It is given to supply nutrients to the body.
■ Fluids are given according to the ability of the colon to
absorb it.
■ Normal saline, glucose saline, glucose 5%, 10%,
peptonized milk 120 ml etc. are used for nutrient enema.
39. ■ The amount of solution is taken about 110 ml to 1700
ml in 24 hours or 180 to 200 ml every 4 hourly.
■ The temperature of the solution should be 100 deg, F.
40. SEDATIVE ENEMA
■ This type of enema contains a sedative drug and it is
given to induce sleep, paraldehyde, chloral hydrate,
and potassium bromide are used to give sedative
enema.
■ The dose is according to the patient's condition and
physician's order.
41. STIMULANT ENEMA
■ It is given to treat the shock and collapse condition.
■ It is also given in poisoning cases e.g. coffee enema in
opium poisoning.
■ Following solutions are used to give stimulant enema.
■ Brandy - 15 ml of brandy in 120 to 180 ml of glucose
saline.
42. ■ Black coffee - ITSF coffee powder to 300 ml of water.
The amount of solution to be taken is 180 to 240 ml.
■ The temperature of solution should be 108 to 110 deg.
F. or 42 to 43 deg. C.
43. ANAESTHETIC ENEMA
■ This type of enema contains an anesthetic drug to
produce anaesthesia in patient.
■ The commonly used drugs are paraldehyde and
avertin.
44. MEDICAL ENEMA
■ Few medicines are administered by giving enema. e.g. in
diarrhoea cases starch opium enema is given or bland solution is
given into the rectum to soothe and relieve irritation on an
inflammed mucus membrane of the rectum.
■ Solution { Starch opium - Tr. opium 1 to 2 ml added to 120 to 180
ml of rice water. }
■ Temperature of the solution - should be 100 to 105 deg. F. or 37.8
to 40 deg C.
45. Scientific Principles
Anatomy and Physiology –
■ The large intestine is made up of the cerum, the colon, and the
rectum, its length is 5 feet in adult .
■ Ileocecal valve separates the small intestine from the large
intestine.
■ lleocecal valve opens in one direction, so prevents the passage of
material in opposite direction.
■ Fluid injected in a treatment cannot go beyond the ileocecal
valve.
46. ■ Colon is divided into the ascending colon, transverse colon, the
descending colon and the sigmoid flexure.
■ Rectum is five to six inches long and ends at the anus. It is guarded
by internal and external sphincter.
■ The walls of the large intestine are made up of longitudinal and
circular muscles.
■ Peristalsis is produced due to contraction and relaxation of the
involuntary muscle tissue.
47. ■ The large intestine is lined with mucous membrane. Which is not
so sensitive as the skin, so the temperature of the solution used for
treatments must be tested.
■ When the veins in the rectum and anal areas become dilated it is
called haemorrhoids.
■ The action in the intestine is controlled by the autonomic nervous
system.
■ Cellulose acts as mechanical stimulus to peristalsis.
48. Microbiology
■ Wash hands before and after the procedure to prevent cross
infection.
■ Provide the patient with hand washing facilities after he has used
the bed pan.
■ Sterilization of used rectal tubes and catheters is done by boiling
or autoclaving.
■ Other equipments are also sterilized by boiling or autoclaving.
49. Physics & Chemistry
■ The rate of flow of a solution in a rectal treatment varies with the
pressure, the caliber of the tube and the density of the fluid.
■ Fluid will flow only when there is a difference in pressure between the
solution in container and the end of the out flow tube.
■ Pressure depends upon the height of the column of fluid.
■ If pressure is too great, muscles of the intestinal walls contract too
quickly and cause so much pain that the patient will not be able to take
sufficient fluid for the treatment to be effective. Too much pressure may
cause injury to the mucous membrane.
50. ■ A thick fluid e.g. milk increases friction and flows slower than a thin
solution, because specific gravity of a fluid influences pressure.
■ Pressure of the gas against a walls of the intestines causes pain.
■ Pressure against the small veins in the anal region causes
haemorrhoids.
■ Fluid flows into the rectum and colon by the force of gravity.
■ Gravity supposes a flow from a high level to a low level. Gravity aids
the distribution of fluids.
51. ■ In the left lateral position, gravity will aid the inflow of solution.
■ Friction is reduced by using lubricants,
■ Water is a good conductor of heat, and heat travels through the
pelvic tissues by conduction.
52. ■ The nurse should stand with her feet apart in giving a treatment in
order to provide a wide base of support for her body.
■ Bending should be at the hips or at the knees.
■ When carrying a bedpan, carry it close to the body to prevent
strain on to back muscles
53. ■ Absorption of water through the intestinal wall is by osmosis.
■ Soap lowers surface tension of water and causes the water to
combine more quickly with fecal material.
■ Carminative enemas aid in expelling gas.
■ Glycerine is adhesive to the mucous membrane and will be
retained longer than water.
54. Pharmacology
■ When mild solutions are not efficient, sometimes more irritating
drug is used.
■ Mineral oil may be given by rectum to soothe the irritated mucosa
or to lubricate hardened fecal material to make its passage easier.
■ Barium sulphate is opaque to x-ray. It is injected in the colon in
order to outline the colon, in x-ray examination.
55. ■ Coffee is given by rectum as a stimulant.
■ Sodium bromide, chloral hydrate and paraldehyde are given by
rectum to quiet the patient.
■ The dose of a drug given by rectum is larger than the dose given
by mouth for the same effect because the absorption is slower in
the rectum.
56. Psychology
■ Explain the procedure to the patient to get the co-operation.
■ Maintain privacy throughout the procedure, so that the patient
will not be tense.
■ Listen to the complaints of the patient, and don't ignore any
discomfort however small they are.
■ Distract the attention of the patient by conversation.