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Nasogastric intubation
This document provides information on nasogastric tube insertion and feeding. It defines nasogastric tube insertion as the passage of a tube through the nose or mouth into the stomach. It then discusses the purposes, principles, indications, contraindications, instructions, equipment, and procedures for nasogastric tube insertion and feeding. The key steps involved in nasogastric tube feeding are confirming proper tube placement in the stomach, administering nutrients or medications through the tube slowly by gravity or pump, and providing aftercare to the patient.
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Nasogastric intubation
- 2. Definition It is theinsertion of a tube into the oesophagus and stomach through the nose It is defined as the passage of single or double lumen tube through the nose or mouth to stomach for the purpose of the drainage, instillation, decompression, lavage or performance of diagnostic tests.
- 3. Purpose • To feedthe patient with fluids when oral intake is not possible • To dilute and remove consumed poison • To instill ice cold solution to control gastric bleeding • To prevent stress on operated site by decompressing • To relive vomiting and distension • To collect gastric juice for diagnostic puposes
- 4. • Safety • Therapeuticeffectiveness • Comfort • Use resources • Good workmanship • Individuality • Anatomy and physiology • Microbiology • Nutrition • Pharmacology • Physics • Chemistry • Psychology • Sociology Principles • Nursing principles –Scientific principles
- 5. Indications • Patient whocannot eat (GIT functioning normally) – Comatose patient – Mechanically ventilated • Patient who will not eat – Patients who refuse to eat • Elderly • Disoriented patients – Patients who cannot maintain adequate oral nutrition • Patients with infection, trauma, cancer etc. – Surgery
- 6. Contraindications • Gastric surgery •Ulcers • Tracheoesophageal fistula • Oesophageal surgery • Polyps in nose , recent nasal surgery, facial surgery • Deviated nasal septum • Patient on anticoagulant therapy
- 7. General instructions • Removethe dentures ( to prevent it from dislodging and blocking the respiratory tract) • A rubber tube may be placed in a bowl of ice to cool and stiffen • Lubricate the tube • While removing the tube, pinch the tube and pull it out gently and quickly (so that the fluid may not trickle down the pharynx ) • During introduction of the tube never use force (it may cause injury to mucus membrane) • Watch the complications (nausea, vomiting, distension, diarrhea, aspiration, pneumonia etc.)
- 8. Articles Purposes A trycontaining Mackintosh with towel To protect the bed and linen A Ryle’s tube (8-12 Fr ) in a bowl containing cold water To make the tube hard and easy for insertion Cotton tipped applicator, Saline or soda bicarbonate solution To clean nostrils Lubricant (liquid paraffin or glycerine) To prevent friction between mucus membrane and tube Adhesive plasters and scissor Fix the tube in position A bowl of water, stethoscope, syringe (10-20cc) To test the location of tube A kidney tray and a paper bag To collect waste
- 9. Ryle’s tube • Flexiblerubber or synthetic material • Transperant or opaque • Length : 36-50 inches • Gastrostomy tube: 12-15 inches • The lumen is measured by French (Fr) • When no is lower the inside diameter of tube will be smaller
- 10. Ryle’s tube • Parts –Tip • Drainage port / lateral eyes • Radio opacity ……..radio opaque line/strip – Body • Markings: • 50cm---stomach • 60cm---pylorus • 70cm---duodenum – Base
- 11. Polyurethane NG tube(Viasys Corflo), 8 Fr × 36 in (91 cm).
- 13. Preliminary assessment Check – Doctorsorder for any specific instruction – Patient ability to follow instructions – General condition of the patient – Articles available in the unit
- 14. Preparation of patientand unit • Explain the sequence of procedure • Arrange the articles at the bed side • Provide privacy • Provide comfortable position (fowler’s position , comatose patient semi-fowlers position) • Place the mackintosh and towel across the chest • Remove the dentures • Give mouth wash and help him to clean the teeth • Clean nostrils
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- 17. Method to confirmNG tube in the stomach • Aspirate: attach the syringe to the end of NG tube and aspirate small amount of gastric content • Immerse distal end of tube into bowl of water and check for air bubbles • Auscultate : attach syringe to free end of the tube, place diaphragm of stethescope over left hypochondrium .inject 10 ml of air and auscultate abdomen for gushing sound. • X ray
- 18. After care • Offera mouth wash . Clean the face and hands and dry them • Remove the mackintosh and towel • Make the patient comfortable in bed • Take all articles to the utility room discard the waste, clean it and replace it in a proper place • Wash hands • Record the procedure
- 22. NG TUBE FEEDING (GASTRICGAVAGE)
- 23. Definition Nasogastric tube feedingis given through tube which is inserted through patient’s nose into stomach when patient is unable to take food orally It is a process of giving liquid nutrients or medications through a tube into the stomach when the oral intake is inadequate or impossible
- 24. Gastric gavage it isan artificial method of giving fluids & nutrients through a tube, that has passed into the oesophagus and stomach through the nose, mouth or through the opening made on the abdominal wall, when oral intake is inadequate or impossible
- 25. Indications • Unconscious • Clientwith psychosis • Swallowing difficulties • Chronic infections • Anorexia nervosa
- 26. Advantages • An adequateamount of all types of nutrients including distasteful foods & medications can be supplied • Large amount of fluids can given with safety • It can be continued weeks with out any danger • The stomach may be aspirated at any time of desired • Overloading of the stomach can be prevented by drip method
- 27. Principles • A thoroughknowledge of the anatomy and physiology of digestive tract and respiratory tract, ensures safe induction of the tube • Microorganisms enter the body through food and drink • Mental and physical preparation of the patient facilitate introduction of the tube • Systematic ways of working adds to the comfort and safety of the client and help in the economy of material, time and energy
- 28. Preliminary assessment • Identifythe correct patient • Check the doctor’s order • Check the level of consciousness • Check whether feed is ready at hand • Articles available in the unit
- 29. Preparation of patientand environment • Explain the sequence of procedure • Provide adequate privacy • Position (sitting or semi fowlers) • Place mackintosh and towel around the neck • Arrange the articles at the bed side locker • Clean the mouth by providing mouthwash
- 30. Articles • A traycontaining – Mackintosh and towel – 50cc syringe/ feeding tube and 5cc syringe – Stethoscope – Bowel with water – Adhesive with scissors – Feeds and water – Ounce glass – Kidney tray
- 31. Procedure Wash hands Place towel around the neck Ensure the tube is in the stomach Remove plunger from syringe…………..Pinch tube to prevent air entry……….Remove spigot….connect syringe to the tube. Keep syringe about 12 inches above patients head. Start feed with small measured amount of water and allow feed to follow slowly and steadily through tube in such a way, that air does not enter tube Do not force fluid, allow to flow by gravity At end of feed flush tube by pouring small measured amount of water …..remove syringe and replace spigot
- 32. After care • Removetowel • Place the patient in comfortable position • Replace the articles to utility room, clean it and replace it • Record the procedure in nurses record and intake out put chart.
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- 35. Gastrostomy feeding :feedingis given through an artificial opening made surgically into the stomach through the abdominal wall for feeding purpose when the patient is not able to swallow through oesophagus.
- 36. Jejunostomy feeding : Jejunostomyis the surgical creation of an opening (stoma) through the skin at the front of the abdomen and the wall of the jejunum(part of the small intestine) • A jejunostomy is an alternative to a gastrostomy . • The advantage over a gastrostomy is its low risk of aspiration due to its distal placement
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