COLD APPLICATION.pptx

COLD APPLICATION.pptx

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  COLD APPLICATION PRESENTED BY- KHUMBARON SONIA 2NDPB.BSC(N)
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  DEFINITION Cold application isthe application of cold agent, cooler than skin either in a moist or dry form on the surface of the body to relieve pain and body temperature, to anaesthetize an area , to check hemorrhage, to control growth of bacteria, to prevent edema and reduce inflammation.
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  PURPOSES OF COLD APPLICATION •To reduce raised body temperature during high fever & hyper pyrexia or sun stroke. • To relieve local pain • Cold decrease prostaglandin’s which decreases the sensitivity of pain receptors, and other substances at the site of injury by inhibiting the inflammatory processes • To reduce subcutaneous bleeding. Eg- in sprain & contusion.
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  • To controlbleeding. Eg- epistaxis. • To relieve pain. • To provide comfort to a patient in extreme hot weather if desired. • To reduce swelling and inflammation by decreasing the blood flow to the area (vasoconstriction effect).
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  PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECT OFCOLD APPLICATION • Peripheral vasoconstriction. • Decreased capillary permeability. • Decreased oxygen consumption. • Decreased local metabolism. • Increased blood viscocity.
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  •Decreased muscle tone. •Decreasedblood flow. •Decreased lymph flow. •Decreased motility of leukocytes.
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  SECONDARY EFFECTS OFCOLD APPLICATION With the cold applications, the primary effects may last only 30 mins to 1 hour. After this time, the cold application must be discontinued and a recovery time of one hour must be allowed or secondary effect (vasodilation) will take place.
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  THERAPEUTIC USES OFLOCAL COLD APPLICATION 1.COLD RELIEVES PAIN- cold decreases the nerve impulse conduction. 2.PREVENTS GANGRENE- - Cold decreases the tissue metabolism. - Cold decreases the effects of tissue anoxia (oxygen lack) & thereby delay the tissue necrosis. 3. PREVENTS EDEMA & REDUCES INFLAMMATION- It decreases the blood circulation and prevent fluid congestion. Eg – sprains.
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  4.CONTROLS HEMORRHAGE- itcauses vasoconstriction & increases the blood viscosity which helps in the coagulation of the blood and checks hemorrhage. 5.CHECKS THE GROWTH OF BACTERIA- cutaneous application of cold reduces the tissue temperature and makes the environment less favourable for the growth of the microorganisms. 6.REDUCES THE BODY TEMPERATURE- it is withdrawn from the body by conduction, convection and evaporation. Thus, the body temperature is reduced. 7.COLD ANAESTHETIZE AN AREA- it decrease the sensitivity of tissues and creates a sensation of numbness. Thus it can be used as local anaesthesia for a short period.
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  CONTRAINDICATIONS OF COLD APPLICATION •Cold should not be applied on clients who are in a state of shock and collapse. • When there is edema. • In disease associated with impaired circulation. Eg – clients with diabetes, arteriosclerosis & neurological disorder. • When there is muscle spasm. • When there is decreased sensation. Eg- numbness
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  • When thereis infected wound which are to be dried of the pus or if we intend to promote suppuration. • When the client is having shivering of having a very low temperature.
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  Classification of cold application Local Dry coldMoist cold General Dry cold Moist cold - Ice bag - Ice to suck -Hypothermia - Cold sponging - Ice collar - Cold compress - Cold bath - Ice pack - evaporating lotion - Cold packs -ice cradle -chemical cold packs
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  COLD APPLICATION ICE BAG -icekept in a bag -covered with cloth and applied on an area - temperature <15° C
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  EQUIPMENTS articles purpose ice bag(1) To provide cold application bowel (1) To keep ice cube Duster (1) To wipe the outside of the jug Towel (1) / ice bag cover To insulate the coldwater bag Lotion thermometer (if possible) To check the temperature of the hot water makintosh to protect the bed a roll of tape or bandage to secure the bag spoon (1) to take the ice pieces
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  PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OFTHE PATIENT • Explain the purpose and procedure to the patient • Maintain a comfortable position • Prevent draugths by covering the patient with a blanket or a bed cover.
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  STEPS OF PROCEDURE STEPS •Break the ice into smalll pieces .Sprinkle sodium chloride • Check the ice bag for leakage by pouring water into it. • Empty the bag and fill it about 2/3 or with ice. RATIONALE • For easy insertion of ice into bag. • Salt lowers the melting point. • To ensure that the bag is in agood working condition. • This makes the bag light in weight.
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  • Keep thebag on a flat surface and squeeze out the air. • Screw the cap well and wipe it. • Put on a flannel cover. .Explain the procedure to the patient. .Spread the mankintosh and the • Air is removed in order that the ice bag can be moulded to the patient’s body. • To ensure that the bag is not leaking. • The cover retain cold for more gradual application and it absorbs the water formed by atmospheric condensation. • To gain more co-operation. • To protect pillow cover and pillow
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  •The ice bagis applied for about half and hour and then it is discontinued for atleast an hour for the recovery period. • Chart the treatment and its effect. • Wash the icebag with water and dry it. • Dry & then powder between the layers of the rubber and store after • To prevent the effect of prolonged exposure to cold. •Recording is important for any procedure. • For re-use. • To store it properly
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  AFTER CARE OFTHE CLIENT & ARTICLES • Remove the ice bag when the treatment completed. • Dry the area if moist. • Position the client comfortably on bed. • Take all the articles to the utility room and replace all the articles. • Wash hands. • Records the procedures with dates and times, the area or where it is applied, the purpose of the application & the reaction if any.