Cold application converted

Cold application converted

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  COLD APPLICATION Ms. SaheliC Lecturer IACN
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  INTRODUCTION ➢ The icecap, ice collar or ice bag is a method of dry cold application. ➢ Single used ice bags are frequently used. ➢ The physician may prescribe dry cold; to treat a specific area of the body. ➢ However ice bag is often used for a headache or in emergency such as sprain or nose bleed.
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  EFFECT OF COLDAPPLICATION ❑ When applied locally (to affected area); it reduces the temperature of the skin, then the muscles and joints. ❑ Effect may last up to 45 minutes after cold source is removed. ❑ Restricts blood flow to the area by narrowing the blood vessels (vasoconstriction).
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  ❑ Decrease inflammation,swelling and muscle spasm. ❑ Reduces bleeding. ❑ Decreases pain. ❑ Causes a temporary stimulating effect.
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  METHODS OF COLD APPLICATION
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  DEFINITION 1. ICE CAP/ICE BAG: The ice cap / ice bag is a dry cold application to a specific body part, which has a wide opening that allows it to be filled easily with ice chips and salt.
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  2. ICE PACK: ➢It is also a dry cold application used by sports teams, hikers and camping organizations. ➢ Sometimes, these can be refrozen, but only for one patient. ➢ Most emergency ice packs release a chemical that causes the bag to become cold; when a capsule is broken or crystals are activated when the bag is shaken. ➢ They can be used only once.
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  PURPOSES OF COLDAPPLICATION • To relieve pain of muscle strain, tooth extraction and headache. • To relieve congestion / edema. • Effective initial treatment after eye injuries, strains, sprains, bruises, muscle spasms and burns. • To relieve urinary retention. • To reduce body temperature (101-102˚F) • To slow or stop bleeding • To relieve inflammation.
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  CONTRAINDICATIONS Patients with- • Hypothermia. •Peripheral neuropathy. • Muscle spasm. • Client in the state of shock and collapse. • Diseases associated with impaired circulation. • Cold intolerance.
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  ARTICLES A tray containingthe following articles:- • Ice in a bowl (ice chips if available). • Water in small jug • Mitten/Towel • Mackintosh • Salt • Kidney tray. • Ice cap with cover/ice pack.
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  STEPS OF PROCEDURE PRE-PROCEDURALSTEPS: ➢ Identify the patient and check physicians order. ➢ Explain the procedure to the patient. ➢ Provide privacy and make sure the room is warm and free of drafts. ➢ Arrange all articles at the bed side of the patient. ➢ Check for leaks in the ice cap/ ice bag. ➢ Record the patients temperature.
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  INTRA PROCEDURAL STEPS: ➢ Fill the ice cap with the ice cubes. ➢ Use small pieces of ice cube. ➢ Add salt to the ice cube. ➢ Fill the ice cap about one half full and expel the air from the bag, squeeze the bag so that ice appears in the neck ➢ Screw on the top, be sure that washer is in place.
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  • Dry thebag and put on the cover. • Expose only the treatment site. • Apply to the affected part. • Check tolerance of patient periodically. • Observe for cyanosis / mottling. • Refill or replace the cold device as necessary. • Change the protective cover, if it becomes wet. • Remove the device after the prescribed treatment period (usually 30 minutes) or as per patients tolerance.
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  • POST PROCEDURALSTEPS: ➢ Dry the patients skin and re-dress the treatment site according to the physician orders. ➢ Position the patient comfortably and monitor his/her vital signs. ➢ Clean and replace the articles. ➢ Wash hands.
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  COMPLICATIONS : • Intensecold may cause pain, burning or numbness. • Frostbite • Necrosis. • Injuries to deeper tissues. • Blisters and skin breakdown. • Grey, bluish or blackish discoloration. • Thrombus formation.