This document presents a comprehensive overview of emergency first aid training, covering topics such as basic life support, trauma management, and risk assessment. It emphasizes the legal requirements and responsibilities of first aiders and provides detailed protocols for emergencies like CPR, bleeding, burns, and shock. The material also includes practical guidance for assessing and treating casualties in various scenarios, aimed at enhancing the skills and confidence of first responders.

1. Emergency First AidThis presentation is a distilled version of an Instructor-led training event, which we hope you will find useful – we’ve left it in PPT format for you to download and edit as you wish, as we believe there’s no price for helping people in need. Please contact us for details of our courses.www.sequentialmanagement.com

2. Course Outline Legislation & Training Requirements Responsibilities - What is expected of a 1st Aider? Accident Assessment – Environment & Casualty Basic Life Support (BLS) CPR (Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation) Trauma – Bleeding, Burns & FracturesShock

3. Course AimsTo be able to:Administer basic life saving skills

4. Deal with common workplace injuries

5. Manage a first aid incident effectivelyObjectivesBy being able to identify correct responses to:Emergency situations Non-breathing casualty Common workplace injuries

6. Emergency First Aid1. Introduction

7. What is First Aid?First Aidis the initial assistance or treatment given to someone who is injured or suddenly taken ill.

8. Principles of First Aid Preserve Life Prevent Condition from getting Worse Promote Recovery

9. Legal Requirements (UK) Health & Safety at Work Act 1974 First Aid at Work Regulations 1981 Approved Code Of Practice (ACOP)Industry Required Training Fully Qualified First Aid At Work Courses

10. First Aid At Work Refresher Courses

11. Appointed Persons First Aid TrainingTraining Requirements What to do in an Emergency Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Unconscious Casualty First Aid for Wounds and Bleeding

12. Stay Within Your Training!You are not a Doctor or Pharmacist!

13. First Aider RoleAssess First Aid Situation Danger

14. Treatment RequiredAdminister First Aid Correctly and effectively call the Medical Services.

15. Care with ConfidenceEvery casualty needs to feel secure and in safe hands. Create an air of confidence and assurance by: Being in control of your own actions reaction to the problem. Acting calmly and logically. Being gentle but firm. Speaking to the casualty kindly but in a clear and purposeful way.

16. Signs & SymptomsSigns:Use your Senses See Feel Hear Smell

17. Signs & SymptomsSymptoms:Casualty Reported Sensations Pain Lack of Movement Nausea

18. Age Group DefinitionsAdult – 7 years +Child – 2 months to 7 yearsInfant – Birth to12 months

19. The Golden HourIf the heart stops, Brain Damage can occur after just 3-4 minutes.

20. Personal Safety & Hygiene Physical danger Hepatitis B/C HIVRisk Management

21. Dynamic Risk Assessment Hazard Identification

22. Risk Assessment – who is at risk

23. Risk Control – control measures

24. Risk Elimination

25. Decision – Benefits

26. Action / No ActionThe application of the risk management process during the activities we undertake will lead to the Safe Person Concept.

27. Dynamic Risk AssessmentEvaluateSelect ActionProceedAssess ActionConsider AlternativeYESRisks versus BenefitsDo Not ProceedRe-Assess ActionAdd Control Measures?NOYES(Based on: HM Fire Inspectorate 1998)

29. Personal Safety & Hygiene Hepatitis B/C HIV

30. Emergency First Aid2. Casualty Assessment

31. Emergency CallOn the scene of an Accident your aim is to: Assess Diagnose Treat Dispose

32. Actions at an Accident Scene D Danger R Response A Airway B Breathing CCirculation D Disability

33. Primary SurveyConsciousor Unconscious?

34. Multiple CasualtiesBe sure to assess ALL casualties:SAFETY FIRST!Those making the most noise are more likely to survive – they’re breathing!Look for those who are SILENT Non-breathing Shock

35. Casualty Assessment

36. The Conscious CasualtyHISTORY What happened? When did it happen? How did it happen? Has it happened before? Signs & Symptoms Medication Inform relatives

37. Causes of UnconsciousnessFISHSHAPEDFaintingInfantile ConvulsionsShockHeart AttackStrokeHead InjuryAsphyxiaPoisoningEpilepsyDiabetes

38. Emergency Actions - Summary Assess the situation Risk Assessment Check Casualty All of them! Check Response Call Help Open Airway (if required) Breathe for Casualty (if required) Assess Circulation Commence CPR (if required)Treat other injuries Prioritise

39. Secondary SurveyTreat other Injuries

40. Emergency First Aid3. CPR

41. CPR Protocols - 2009Adult – Child – Infant30 x Compressions2 x Rescue Breaths

42. CPR ProtocolsAdult1st Priority 30 CompressionsAdult Drowning orChild /Infant1st Priority 5 Rescue Breathes

43. CPR ProtocolsAdult 30:2 Mouth-Mouth Normal Lung CapacityChild 30:2 Mouth-Mouth 50% Normal Lung CapacityInfant 30:2 Mouth-Mouth & NoseLike blowingout a candleRescue Breaths - Adult

44. Rescue Breaths - Child & Infant

45. CPR - Adult

46. CPR - Child

47. CPR - Infant

48. Secondary SurveyTreat other Injuries Bleeding Burns Bones SHOCK

49. Recovery Position

50. Recovery Position

51. Recovery Position

52. Emergency First Aid4. Bleeding

53. BleedingTypes of BleedingArterialBright Red - SpurtingVenousDark Red - FlowingCapillaryMedium Red - Trickling

54. Types of Wound

55. Treatment P - Position E - Examine E - Elevate P - Pressure

56. Wash hands Rinse wound with clean water Dry with towel / lint-free cloth Cover with sterile dressing If a foreign object is embedded in the wound, dress around the objectTreatment

57. Eye Injuries Support the Head Dress Injured Eye Hospital

58. Other Types of Bleeding Nose Bleeds Mouth Bleeds

59. ShockDon’t forget SHOCK!

60. Emergency First Aid5. Burns

61. BurnsTreatment Cool Burn Area Apply COOL WATER 10 mins at least Remove Constrictions (if possible) DO NOT pull away burnt clothing Cover burn with STERILE dressing Hospital

62. Burns

63. Emergency First Aid6. Bones

64. Fractures

65. Treatment Steady and Support Protect HospitalFractures

66. Emergency First Aid7. Shock

67. ShockThere are many causes of shock:Heavy loss of Fluids BurnsBad News Spinal Cord InjuryInjury Severe ReactionsBlood Loss Hypo/HyperthermiaDrug Overdose HypoglycaemiaInfection Heart Attack

68. ShockSigns Rapid Pulse Pale, Cold & Clammy Skin Sweating

69. ShockTreatment: Lay Down Loosen Clothing Elevate Legs Nil By Mouth No Smoking Cover with Blanket Medical Assistance Monitor

70. Emergency First Aid8. Other Injuries & Illnesses

71. Heart AttackSigns & SymptomsVice-like Pain Feeling of Doom Breathlessness Ashen Skin Rapid then Weakening Pulse

72. Heart AttackTreatment Comfort Casualty Call Emergency services Give Medication Monitor

73. ChokingSigns & SymptomsGeneral symptoms and signs of asphyxia. Casualty will be unable to speak or breathe and may be gripping the throat. They may be completely silent.Congestion of the face and neck with the veins becoming prominent, blueness of the lips and mouth.Possible unconsciousness.

74. ChokingLook in Mouth - Get the child to cough – if unsuccessful, give 5 back slaps. Check their mouthIf unsuccessful:Give up to 5 Abdominal thrustsIf unsuccessful – send for help. Repeat back slaps and check mouth.

75. Choking - Adult

76. Choking- Child

77. Choking - Infant

78. AsthmaSigns Wheezing Difficulty Speaking Gray Blue Skin Loss of Consciousness

79. AsthmaTreatmentComfort Inhaler: - BrownorBlueorBoth Encourage Slow BreathingBROWN- PreventativeBLUE- Relief

80. HyperventilationTreatment: Be Firm BUT Reassuring Keep Casualty Quite Try To Restore Normal Breathing Paper Bag Seek Medical Advice

81. Seizures - Convulsions & FitsAdult (Epilepsy)Child (Infections)Infant (Infections)

82. Seizures - Convulsions & FitsAdultProtect Casualty Ease Fall Protect Head Loosen Tight Clothing Recovery Position Maintain Casualty Dignity

83. Child and Infant (Infection Related) Protect from Injury Cool Child/Infant (Cool gradually) Sponge with Tepid Water Recovery Position Medical AssistanceSeizures - Convulsions & Fits

84. Head Injuries Concussion Cerebral Compression Skull Fracture Possible Neck Injury

85. Head InjuriesSigns and Symptoms Blow / injury to the head Dizziness Nausea Loss of memory Headache Concussion – brief impaired consciousness Pupils unequal size Drowsiness / Disorientation

86. Treatment Check Responsiveness Monitor DO NOT allow to eat, drink or smoke HospitalHead Injuries

87. Head InjuriesTreat ALL head injuries as SeriousThere is risk of Brain Damage

88. Strains & SprainsAssociated with the Softer Structures around Bones and Joints. Usually Sporting Injuries.

89. Strains & SprainsTreatment: RREST IICE CCOMPRESS EELEVATE

90. StingsTo relieve pain and swelling apply a cold compress, surgical spirit or a solution of bicarbonate of soda. For jellyfish stings, smooth calamine lotion into the affected area.

91. Stings FOR STINGS IN THE MOUTH OR THROATTo reduce the swelling give the casualty ice to suck. Alternatively, rinse the mouth with cold water or a solution of water and bicarbonate of soda (one teaspoon to a glass tumbler).

92. StingsTREATMENT FOR STINGS IN THE SKINIf the sting has been left deeply embedded in the skin, LEAVE ITas further attempts to remove may in fact increase the flow of poison. Seek medical assistance.DO NOT squeeze the poison sac because this will force the remaining poison into the skin.

93. StingsAnaphylactic ShockIf breathing becomes difficult, place casualty in the Recovery Position.Call Emergency Services immediately

94. Swallowed ObjectsReassure the casualty and the parents if the casualty is a child. Call Emergency Services immediatelyDO NOT give the casualty anything by mouth.

95. Summary Q&ASummarySafety!

96. Remember DR ABCD

97. Questions?Emergency First Aidwww.sequentialmanagement.comAll images used are freely available from the web and/or are credited to original owner where relevant and to our knowledge do not infringe copyright.