- First aid is immediate care given to someone who is injured or suddenly ill. It focuses on preserving life, preventing condition from worsening, and promoting recovery. - When providing first aid, assess the scene for safety, get consent to help, and call for emergency help if needed. Follow basic steps like checking breathing, stopping severe bleeding, treating for shock. - For medical emergencies like allergic reaction, stroke, heart attack, seizures, give appropriate first aid like epinephrine injection, calling emergency services, recovery position. Handle injuries like fractures, burns, bites by examining area, stabilizing injury, cooling burns and seeking medical care.

1. Basic First Aid

2. Outline
• First Aid Basics
• Medical Emergencies
• Injury Emergencies
• Environmental Emergencies

3. First Aid Basics

4. What Is First Aid?
• First = immediate
• Aid = care
• Deals with injuries or sudden illness
• DOES NOT replace the need for medical care
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vu1UOFBFchY

5. • At some point in your life, you will have to make the decision
to help in an emergency.
• It is better to know first aid and not need it, than to need
first aid and not know it.
Why Is First Aid Important
• Before you provide First
Aid, it’s important to
ask the ill or injured
person if you may help.
Remember

6. • To preserve life: Role is to administer effective first aid in
order to save life.
• Prevent condition from worsening: Recognizing and treating
the cause will assist with preventing the condition from
worsening.
• To promote recovery
Minutes
could
make a
difference
Aims of First Aid

7. Recognize the Emergency
The bystander is a vital link between
(Emergency Medical Services) EMS and
the victim

8. • Size up (Assessing) the Scene
– Are there any hazards?
– Look out for danger to you and the injured person
– What is the mechanism of injury or nature of
victim’s illness?
– How many victims are there?
Deciding to Provide First Aid

9. When to Phone for Help
• Ask for help whenever:
• Someone is seriously ill or injured
• You are not sure what to do
• Could you give Examples of someone who is seriously ill or
injured???
CALL 999

10. • Give clear, precise information about
– The location of the incident
– The number of casualties / people involved
– The nature of their injuries
– In some cases, their age if known.
– Any hazards at the incident (e.g. spilt fuel, fire, electricity)
• If the area is remote/difficult to access, consider sending
someone to meet the emergency services in a known location

11. Protection
• First Aiders should wear personal protective equipment (PPE)
to keep from touching the injured person’s blood or body
fluids.
• The instructor will demonstrate how to remove the gloves.

12. Finding the Problem
• Check the scene to be sure it is safe if yes,
• Check the person response (Tap the person and
shout “Are you OK?”) if not,
• Call for help
• Check if the person is breathing (Watching for
chest rise and fall) if yes, if no next slide.
• Look for signs of injury such as bleeding,
broken bones, burns or bites
• Look for medical information jewelry
• Stay with the person until EMS arrives

13. If the person is not breathing or only
gasping, (unconscious) begin CPR and
use an AED.
CPR
Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
(we will not be doing CPR training – just know what it
means)
AED: Automated External Defibrillator:
an electronic device sends electric shock to
stop extremely rapid, irregular heart beat
and restore the normal heart rhythm.

14. Basic First Aid Steps for Unconscious Person
• Survey the scene, ensure that it is safe.
• Check for Responsiveness (no response)
• Call for help
• Check breathing (no breath)
• Follow up call for help
• Perform CPR
• Place in Recovery position (as necessary)
• Wait for EMS/Ambulance.

15. The Recovery Position
• If the person is breathing and there is no
injuries roll them on their side.
• Recover position helps to:
• Maintain a clear airway
• Assist with natural breathing
• Clear the airway of excretions such as vomit
if the casualty is breathing but unresponsive.

16. How to place the casualty in recovery position
§ Kneel to the side of the casualty; remove glasses, watches, and any large objects from side
pockets.
2. Place the arm nearest to you at a right angle to the casualty’s body (allow it to rest in a natural position).
3. Bring the arm across the casualty’s chest and secure the back of the hand onto their nearest cheek
with your hand.
1. tilt their head back ward and lift their chin upward (head tilt chin lift)

17. How to place the casualty in recovery position
4. With your free hand grasp the casualty’s clothing around the knee and draw the leg up ensuring the
foot remains on the ground.
5. Keeping the casualty’s hand on their cheek to control the head movement, pull their legs towards you
so the casualty turns on their side.

18. How to place the casualty in recovery position
• Adjust the casualty’s upper leg so that the knee and lower leg are
at right angles to the hip making a stable base.
• Check that the airway is open and adjust the hand under the cheek
to maintain airway

19. Medical Emergencies

20. Allergic Reactions (Anaphylactic Shock)
• People can be allergic to many things, including:
• Foods such as eggs, nuts, and chocolate
• Insect stings or bites, especially bee.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-3tJtp_nnzs

21. What to do?
• Check the scene is safe
• Call for help and get first Aid Kit
• Put on gloves
• Tells someone to phone the emergency response number (or 999) and
get an AED
• Holds the epinephrine pen in the fist while not touching either sides
• Takes off the safety cap
• Presses the epinephrine pen firmly against the outer side of the
person’s thigh, halfway between the hip and knee, and holds in place for
about 10 seconds
• Removes the epinephrine pen by pulling the pen straight out from the
leg

22. Helping a Choking Adult
• If someone is choking, they might use the choking sign

23. Helping a Choking Adult
• Abdominal Thrusts
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SYIwQNekj8I
Check the scene is safe

24. • What about the obese person, pregnant lady, or on wheel
chair?
• Could you use the abdominal thrust?
Chest Thrusts

25. Helping a Choking Child
• Cal for help
• 5 back slaps
• 5 abdominal thrusts
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=59I7oxfS6vU

26. Helping a Choking Child
1 Verbalizes that the scene is safe
2 Determine child is choking “are you chocking”
3 Tell patient (mother) you are here to help
4 Verbalizes putting on gloves and call for help
5 Position self-downto the child’s level
6 Give 5 firm backslaps (blows)
7 Give 5 abdominal thrusts
8 Repeatcycleof backslaps and abdominal
thrusts until objectis coughed up, child starts to
cough, breathe, or becomes unconscious

27. Helping a Choking Infant
Call for help
5 back slaps 5 Chest thrusts
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_bBaMWdKqQs

28. Helping a Choking Infant
1 Verbalizes that the scene is safe
2 Determine baby is choking and tell (mother) you are here
to help
3 Verbalizes putting on gloves call for help
4 Position self-lowto thegroundandsupportbaby’s head
and neck
5 Turn baby face down (head lower than body)
6 Give 5 firm backslaps
7 Turnbabyfaceup
8 Give 5 chest thrusts
9 Repeat cycle of back slaps and chest thrusts until object is
coughed up, baby starts to cry, breathe, or cough or
becomes unconscious

29. Fainting
• Is a short period when a person briefly stops responding usually less than a
minute and then seems fine.
• What you can see?
• Dizziness
• Stop responding less than a minute
• What to do?
• Check the scene is safe
• Get first aid kit
• Ask permission to help
• Help the person lie on his back
• Look for injuries
• if no improvement or stops responding call for help.

30. Diabetes
• Is a disease that affects levels of sugar in the blood, too much or too little
sugar causes problems.
• Take medication to control blood sugar.
• Causes of Low blood sugar:
• has not eaten or is vomiting
• Has not eaten enough
• Too much insulin
Signs of low blood sugar:
Irritable or confused
Hungry or thirsty
Sleepy or sweaty
Possible seizure.

31. • First aid low blood sugar:
• Check the scene is safe
• Get the First Aid Kit
• Tell patient you are here to help
• Ask the person if he can eat or swallow
• Give sugar to eat (fruit juice, milk, regular soda, or honey).
• Sit down quietly or lie down
• call for help
• If he is unable to sit up and swallow, don’t give him anything and wait
for the help.
Diabetes

32. WHAT You See
• Chest discomfort (pressure, squeezing,
fullness, or pain)
• Shortness of breath
• Sweating, nausea, headache
• Palpitations (feeling like your heart is beating
too fast or irregularly)
• Fainting
• Light dizziness

33. What to Do
• Call EMS (first Aid box and AED)
• Rest and calm
• Give Aspirin (1 or 2 low dose)if not
allergic to aspirin
• Stay with
• Be prepared to do CPR

34. Stroke
Occurs when blood flow stops to part of the
brain.
WHAT You See (warning signs)
• Sudden numbness or weakness of the face,
arm, or leg, (one side)
• Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or
understanding
• Sudden trouble seeing
• Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of
balance or coordination
• Sudden sever headache with no known cause

35. What to DO?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PCNTMIcOMpE

36. What to Do
• Be sure the scene is safe
• Ask the permission to help.
• Call EMS immediately and ask someone to get
(first Aid box and AED)
• Keep person calm and rests
• Note the time of stroke when the stroke first
appeared
• Avoid Aspirin
• Note the time

37. Seizures
• Abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
• It stops within a few minutes.
• What You Can See?
• Loss of muscle control
• Fall to the ground
• Jerking movements of arms, legs and other
parts of the body
• No response

38. What to Do?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7MPJauo4DdY
Call for help

39. Shock
• What You Can See?
• Weakness or dizziness
• Nausea, thirsty
• Pale or grayish skin
• Confusion or restlessness
• Cold and clammy skin

40. What to Do?
• Make sure scene is safe.
• Call for EMS and ask someone to get (first Aid box and
AED)
• Help the person lie on his back
• Cover the person with a blanket to keep him warm
• Be prepared for CPR

41. Injury Emergencies

43. Bleeding You can See
PRESSURE
ELEVATION
REST

44. What to do for bleeding you can see?
1 Verbalizes that the scene is safe
2 Get first aid kit
3 Tell patient you are here to help
4 Tells person to place pressure over cut with clean
dressing
5 Verbalizes putting on gloves
6 Apply direct pressure to wound
7 Adds more dressings and presses harder if bleeding
continues
8 Bandage wound securely

45. Bandaging
• A bandage is material used
to protect or cover an
injured body part
• A bandage may also help
keep pressure on the
wound

46. Nosebleeds
• What to do?
• Make sure scene is safe.
• Get first aid kit and use personal protective equipment (gloves).
• Press both sides of nostrils while person sits and leans forward.
• Place constant pressure on both sides until bleeding stops.
• If bleeding continue press harder
• Call for help if:
• Bleeding doesn’t stop in 15 minutes
• Heavy bleeding
• Victim has trouble breathing.

47. Examine area using DOTS.
• DOTS
– Deformity
– Open wounds
– Tenderness
– Swelling
Fractures
Recognizing Bone Injuries

48. Care for Bone Injuries
• Make sure scene is safe.
• Examine area using DOTS.
• Stabilize injured part to prevent movement.
• Cover wound and exposed bones without applying
pressure.
• Apply ice pack to prevent swelling with a towel between
ice and skin
• Seek medical care.

50. Burns

51. First-Degree Burns (Superficial)
• Redness
• Mild swelling
• Tenderness
• Pain
• Blisters
• Swelling
• Weeping fluids
• Intense pain
Second-Degree Burns (Partial Thickness)
• Dead nerve endings
• Leathery, waxy skin
• Pearly gray or charred skin
Third-Degree Burns(Full Thickness)

52. What to Do?
• Make sure the scene is safe
• Verbalizes putting on gloves
• Move a way from the source of injury.
• Remove the source of burning
• Cooling the burned area for 10 to 15 minutes under running water to
relieve pain and swelling
• Get the first aid kit
• apply burn ointment if available.
• Cover the burned area if necessary
• If there is a large burn or fire call for help or transport to hospital

53. Environmental Emergencies

54. Bites and Stings
• Usually insect and spider bites and stings
cause only mild pain, itching, and swelling at
the bite
• Some insect bites can be serious and even
fatal if:
• The person bitten has a severe allergic
reaction to the bite or sting
• Poison is injected into the person

55. Bites and Stings / what to Do?
1 Verbalizes that the scene is safe
2 Get the First Aid Kit & Tell patient you are here to help
3 Verbalizes putting on gloves
4 Tells someone to phone the emergency response number (or 999) and get an AED if the
person has allergic reactions (GIVE EPINEPHRIN PIN)
5 Scrap away the stinger by using something with dull edge
6 Verbalize wash the bite or sting area with a lot of running water
7 Verbalize putting a bag of ice and water wrapped in a towel or clothes for up to 20 minutes
8 Verbalize watching the person for at least 30 minutes for signs of allergic reactions

56. • What is the first thing you should do before you provide First Aid
for a responding person?
• If you think someone is having a stroke, you must act FAST. But
what do the letters in FAST stand for?
• If you find a person who is unresponsive and they are not
breathing, what should you do?
• If you got to class and find your student laying on the floor.
How you would handle this situation or what should you do?

57. • What should you do to help someone who‘s having sever allergic reaction?
• If someone is bleeding from a wound, what can you do to help?
• What should you do if you think someone has broken a leg?
• What should you do to help an adult who is choking?
• What should you do to help an infant who is choking?
• What should you do to help a child who is choking?
• How can you help someone who is having a seizure?
• How can you help someone who is having a nosebleeds?

58. Questions?