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First aid
- 1. What is FIRSTAID ? 1
- 2. FIRST AID IS…. Amatter of Common Sense Application of mind Swift Response 2
- 3. DEFINITION First AID isthe help given to a person in case of SUDDEN INJURY or SICKNESS so that the INJURY/SICKNESS does not AGGRAVATE FURTHER and due to swift action further DETERIORATION is checked, same condition is maintained & recovery promoted till the arrival of Medical Help. 3
- 4. SCOPE OF FIRSTAID From the definition four things are apparent : PREVENT further deterioration PRESERVE in the same condition PROMOTE recovery To arrange for regular Medical AID 4
- 5. METHOD OF FIRSTAID Diagnosis Treatment Disposal 5
- 6. PRIORITIES OF FIRSTAID Check Breathing Check Blood loss Treat Shock Treat Fracture Look For Simple Injuries Disposal 6
- 7. CHECK BREATHING Can Hear It Can Feel It Can Observe It (Normal Person Breathes 15-18 Times In One Minute) 7
- 8. ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION Mouth To Mouth Mouth To Nose @ 10 Breaths Per Minute & Check Pulse Give 2 ventilations if there is no breathing 8
- 9. CHEST COMPRESSION (Give30 Compression if there is no Circulation) 9
- 10. RECOVERY POSITION (In case of unconscious casualty) 10
- 11. FRACTURE Any Breaking, Bending,Dislocation or Cracking of Bone is called Fracture. 11
- 12. FRACTURE : SIGNS& SYMPTOMS Pain Swelling Tenderness Loss of Power Deformity Unnatural Movement Irregularity Crapitus 12
- 13. FRACTURE TREATMENT Make The Patient Comfortable Prevent Any Movement Check Bleeding Treat for Shock Immobilize the Limb Give Support Transportation. 13
- 14. WOUNDS Any cut inthe outer surface of the body is a wound or impairment in the blood vessels. Wounds are of two types: OPEN CLOSED (mostly head injuries) 14
- 15. WOUNDS TREATMENT LAYDOWN THE PATIENT OR ASK HIM TO SIT DOWN LIFT THE LIMB IF POSSIBLE APPLY PRESSURE – ON THE WOUND - ON PRESSURE POINT 15
- 16. WOUNDS TREATMENT In the case of INTERNAL BLEEDING: APPLY COLD FORMULATIONS APPLY TOURNIQUET (All precautions) 16
- 17. BURNS & SCALDS Burnis an injury to the body by excessive heat or excessive cold. Burns : Dry Heat (fire, flame, metal, sun, electricity etc and friction Scalds : Moist Heat (steam, boiling water, milk, tea, oil etc) Chemical Burns : Acids : H SO , Nitric Acid, Hcl 2 4 Alkalis : Caustic Soda, Potash, Ammonia or quick lime 17 Gases : Liquid O or Nitrogen 2
- 18. BURNS & SCALDS MANAGEMENT Reassurethe patient Clean wrap the wound Cover the wound Wash with fresh water Keep the patient warm Keep hands above the heart & feet elevated Keep the face prop & observe continuously Cold pack may also be applied (not excessive cold) Do not remove clothing Do not break blisters Treat for shock Move quickly to hospital Remove ring, watch, bangles, belt & boots Can give weak soda & salt solution if patient is conscious and not vomiting. 18
- 19. BURNS & SCALDS FORMINOR BURNS Clean the Area Submerge in water Give soda & salt solution Cover Dry Warm drinks Wash well for chemical corrosive burns Can also neutralize and dilute Remove contaminated clothing Wash the face/eye sideways No rubbing of eyes 19
- 20. POISON Poison is anysuch thing which after coming into contact or entering the body is capable of causing harm or leads to death It can be: Accidental or Intentional Can enter the Body: Through mouth (solid or liquid) Through skin (injection or sting etc) Through nose (gases or toxic fumes) 20
- 21. POISON TREATMENT Call thedoctor immediately Keep samples, if possible, of poison, bottle, box or vomit If Unconscious -Do not induce vomiting -Keep the patient in recovery position -Artificial respiration, if needed If Conscious -Give enough water to drink -Do not induce vomiting if acid, alkali or any other chemical is taken -Induce vomiting in other cases (a) By luke warm salty water (b) By irritating tongue/throat Give antidote if available 21 Keep the patient warm
- 22. SIMPLE INJURY Disinfect thewound Wash with water Cover with any clean thing Don’t apply any lotion except diluted mercurochrome Tincture Iodine etc. Use disinfectant sprays if available 22
- 23. FIRST AID BOX Large: 17 ½” x 10” x 6 ½” Medium : 16” x 7 ¾” x 4” Small : 5” x 3 ½” x 2 ½” 23
- 24. FIRST AID BOX CONTENTS Equipment Dressings Medicine for Local Application Medicine for Oral Application 24
- 25. FIRST AID BOX Equipment Dressings Safety Pins Cotton Wool Sterilised Dressings Scissors Eye Pad Pad & Pen Adhesive Plaster Measuring Cup Roller Bandages Torch Triangular Bandages Splints Gauze Bamboo Sticks Band-aids 25 Stretch Bandage
- 26. FIRST AID BOX Medicines For Local Application For Oral Application Savlon/Dettol Salt Eye drops/ Sugar Ointment Tincture Iodine Sodamint Tincture Benzoin Aspirin Iodex etc. (250-350 mg.) 26
- 27. EYE FOREIGN OBJECTS LOCAL INJURY BLEEDINGS – Internal – External Over exposure Any inflammation or infection 27
- 28. DONT’S DO NOT RUBTHE EYES DO NOT PANIC DO NOT USE ANY MEDICINE 28
- 29. DO’S KEEP CALM REMOVE FOREIGNOBJECTS IF POSSIBLE GIVE COLD COMPRESS IN CASE OF INTERNAL BLEEDING WASH THE EYE WITH FRESH WATER FOR – ANY CHEMICAL BURN – SMALL FOREIGN OBJECT 29
- 30. TRAFFIC SIGNAL Stop, look,listen, look again, look again. Stop, look, listen, look again, look again. Then cross the road with SAFETY on your brain! Stop, look, listen, look again, look again.
- 31. TRAFFIC LIGHTS STOP READY GO 31
- 32. Hand Signal –Police 32
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