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FA AT WORK.ppt
- 1. FIRST AID ATWORK COURSE
- 2. Content What isFirst Aid Resuscitation Unconsciousness Management of Blood loss Burns Fainting Heart attack Poisoning Fractures
- 3. What is firstAid? First Aid is a state of mind, a proactive attitude and a set of actions and practices that seek to prevent, be prepared for and provide an initial response in emergency situations. It is the initial assistance or treatment given to someone who is injured or who has suddenly taken ill before he or she is taken to the hospital.
- 4. 1. Preserve life Aimsof first aid 2. Limit worsening of the condition 3. Promote recovery
- 5. a. Assess b. Airway c.Breathing d. Chest Compressions e. Control Bleeding Aims of first aid cont…. 1. Preserve life
- 6. I. Examination ofthe casualty II. Make diagnosis III. Give priority to seriously injured IV. Treat multiple injuries in order of priority V. Consider possibility of secondary condition 2. Limit the worsening of the condition Aims of first aid cont….
- 7. 1. Relieve discomfort,pain or anxiety 2. Reassure 3. Get medical aid 3. Promote recovery Aims of first aid cont….
- 8. Safety Assess Diagnose Treat After Care Report Responsibilities ofthe first Aider 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
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- 10. C P R DRABC D of First Aid D – anger R – esponse A – irways B – reathing C – ompression D - efibrillator
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- 13. 5. If notbreathing, phone for help 6. Give chest compressions 7. 30:2 cycle 8. Continue CPR until help arrives Resuscitation - treatment 1. Check for danger 2. Check for Response 3. Open the airway 4. Check for normal Breathing
- 14. 1. Give fiveinitial rescue breaths before starting chest compressions…then 2. Continue at the ratio of 30 compressions to 2 breaths 3. If you are alone perform resuscitation for about 1 minute before going for help 4. Compress the chest by about one-third of its depth Resuscitation - children and infants
- 15. Resuscitation - childrenand infants For a baby under 1 year, use two fingers to compress the chest by about one third of its depth For a child over 1 year, use one or two hands, as appropriate, to compress the chest by about one third of its depth
- 16. Objects may causeeither mild or severe airway obstruction. It is important to ask the conscious victim ‘Are you choking?’ Choking General signs of choking > Attack occurs while eating > Casualty may clutch his/her neck Signs of MILD airway obstruction Response to question ‘Are you choking?’ > Casualty speaks & answers ‘yes’ Other signs > Casualty is able to speak, cough, and breath Signs of SEVERE airway obstruction Response to question ‘Are you choking?’ > Casualty unable to speak > Casualty may respond by nodding Other signs > Casualty is unable to breath > Breathing sounds wheezy > Attempts at coughing are silent > Casualty may be unconscious
- 17. 1. Encourage coughing 2.Up to 5 back blows 3. Check Mouth 5. Check Mouth 4. Up to 5 abdominal thrusts >Repeat sequence 3 times – Call for help - Repeat sequence< Choking - treatment
- 18. Choking - treatment Assessseverity Severe airway obstruction (ineffective cough) Mild airway obstruction (effective cough) Unconscious >Start CPR Conscious > 5 back blows > 5 abdominal thrusts Encourage cough Continue to check for deterioration to ineffective cough or relief of obstruction
- 19. Lacerated Incised Graze Bruise PunctureGunshot Types of wounds
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- 24. Blood loss &shock - recognition History Pale skin Cool and moist skin Fast & weak pulse Fast & shallow breathing Nausea & vomiting Thirsty Anxious Level of response drops
- 25. Treat The Cause(if possible) Protection from Shock > Give reassurance > Protect from heat loss > Get medical aid > Nil by mouth > No Smoking Shock - treatment
- 26. Impaired consciousness isa result of an interruption of normal brain activity leading to a loss of awareness of surroundings Impaired consciousness
- 27. > Check responseand re-check the level of response. Initial assessment: A --Alert V --Response to Voice P --Response to Pain U --Unresponsiveness Impaired consciousness - treatment > Ensure the airway is open and clear
- 28. > Do theyopen spontaneously? > Do they open to speech? > Do they open to painful stimulus? > Is the casualty unresponsive? Level of responsiveness Note the time and response of the eyes
- 29. > Does thecasualty move on command? > Does the casualty move in response to painful stimuli? > Is the casualty unresponsive? Level of responsiveness Note the following time and response to movement
- 30. Is the responseto questions normal? Is the casualty confused? Does the casualty use inappropriate words? Does the casualty make incomprehensible sounds? Is the casualty unresponsive? Level of responsiveness Note the time and response to voice
- 31. F I S H Causes of unconsciousness ainting mbalanceof body heat hock ead injury S H A P E D troke ypoxia naphylaxis oisoning pilepsy iabetes
- 32. > Pale skin >Cold & clammy > Slow pulse > Brief loss of consciousness Temporary reduction of blood to brain: Fainting - recognition
- 33. > Reassure > Checkfor any injuries > Sit the casualty up gradually Fainting - treatment
- 34. > Persistent chestpain > Difficulty in breathing > Irregular or unusually fast or slow pulse > Profuse sweating > Moist, pale skin Heart attack Recognition:
- 35. Heart attack > Position >Dial the emergency numbers > Get AED if available > Monitor Treatment:
- 36. How poisons enterthe body
- 37. > Call forambulance > Remember your own safety! > Protect casualty’s airway > Establish cause > Monitor very closely > Be ready to resuscitate Poisons – generic treatment
- 38. S ize C ause Age L ocation D epth Severity of burns
- 39. Superficial Partial Full Depthof burns
- 40. > All burnsinvolving the feet, hands, face or genital area > All burns that extend around a limb > Superficial burns above 5% > Partial thickness burns above 1% > All full thickness burns > Burns with a mixed pattern of depth > If you are unsure about the extent or severity > Children Burns and scalds (when to go to hospital)
- 41. 1. Cool theburn 4. Seek medical advice 3. Once cooled cover with a sterile dressing 2. Remove any clothing not sticking to the burn Burns - treatment
- 42. Do NOT: > Applycreams or lotions > Burst blisters > Place ice on the burn > Remove clothing sticking to the burn Burns - treatment
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- 45. Fractures L I P oss of power rregularity ain D U S T eformity nnaturalmovement welling or bruising enderness
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- 48. > Provide supportto the injured area > Expose the site of the injury > Treat any wounds > Immobilize effectively > Reassure and monitor Fractures - treatment
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- 52. Strains & sprainstreatment R I C E est ce ompression levation
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