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FIRST-AID TRAINING PPT.pdf

This document provides information on first aid, including its definition, aims, principles, and procedures. It describes how to assess dangers, check an injured person's response, airway, breathing, and circulation. It covers giving artificial respiration, performing CPR, controlling bleeding, treating wounds, burns, fractures, sprains, and bandaging. The key steps are to ensure safety, assess the situation and casualty, provide necessary first aid, and arrange for further medical help.

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FIRST AID
What is First Aid ? Definition:  First aid is the immediate assistance given to a casualty or victim of sudden illness or injuries before being taken to a health unit for further management. AIMS OF GIVING FIRST AID AIMS OF GIVING FIRST AID  To save life.  To relieve pain.  To promote quick recovery  To prevent further Injuries and Infection  To control bleeding  To be able transport casualties
Purpose of First Aid To Sustain the life To Prevent suffering To Prevent secondary complications To Promote speedy recovery
Call for Help Calmly Take Charge Principles of First Aid (4 C’s) Check the scene & the casualty Carefully apply FIRSTAID
DR ABC  Danger  Response  Airway  Breathing  Circulation
Danger To yourself To others To casualty
Response  Gently “Shake and Shout” at the casualty  Is the casualty is conscious?  Is the casualty drowsy or confused?  Is the casualty drowsy or confused?  Is the casualty unconscious, but reacting?  Is the casualty unconscious with no reaction?  If unconscious, place the casualty in the stable side position.
Airway  Is the airway is open and clear?  Is there noisy in breathing?  Is there noisy in breathing?  Are there Potential obstruction such as blood etc?  If so, open and clear the airway!
How to open an Airway Tilt Head and Back and Lift Chin up with fingers under the jaw to establish Airway (Move head as little as possible if there may be a neck injury.)
Breathing  Look for chest movements Listen for sounds for breathing  Listen for sounds for breathing  Feel for breathes on your cheek  If not breathing give Artificial Respiration
Artificial Respiration Mouth to Mouth Mouth to Nose 10 Breaths per Minute & Check Pulse Check Pulse
Circulation Is there a carotid pulse? Is it strong? Is it regular” Is it regular” Is there a major blood loss? If no pulse, then start CPR (Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation)
CPR (Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation)  See person consciousness  Send someone for help  Check for breathing  Compressions  Compressions  Head tilt chin lift rule
Head tilt chin lift rule
Do & Don’ts DOs Before handling Casualty, Use DON’Ts First Aider can never , Casualty, Use  Mask  Gloves  Head Cover never ,  Prescribe Medicine  Declare Death
Action Plan  Assess the Situation  Safety of yourself and the casualty  Assess the casualty  Assess the casualty  Treat the casualty  Arrange the removal of the casualty to hospital or safe area  Write a report / Communicate the status
Bleeding Maintain Pressure on Wound 15 Minutes Apply more layers if needed Elevate extremity if no fractures (Lie down) Elevate extremity if no fractures (Lie down) Direct Pressure Steady firm pressure Clean cloth or bandage – Avoid contact
Wounds  Abrasion – The top layer of the skin removed  Laceration – A cut skin with jagged, irregular edges and caused by a forceful tearing away of skin tissue.  Incisions – Smooth edges and resembles a surgical or paper cut. surgical or paper cut.  Punctures – Deep, narrow wounds such as a stab wound from a nail or a knife in the skin and underlying organs.  Avulsion – Flap of skin is torn loose and is either hanging from the body or completely removed.  Amputation – Cutting or tearing off of a body part such as finger, toe, hand, foot, arm, leg etc.
Wounds  Control Bleeding  Clean Wounds (Using antiseptic lotion / water)  Remove small objects that do not flush out by cleaning with sterile tweezers. cleaning with sterile tweezers.  If bleeding persists, apply direct pressure (Until bleeding stops).  Apply antibiotics (If normal wound).  Use Bandages.  Shift to a Hospital (If it is severe)
Burns
Burns 1st Degreeburns Minor redness Run cold water over burn for >5 minutes (No ice or ointments!) 2nd Degreeburns Second Degree Burn – Blistered skin Do Not Break the Blisters If the Blisters Break: 3rd Degreeburns Leave burned clothes on the skin. If the face is burned, keep victim sitting up. Keep airway open, tilt head back. Evaluate burned arms, legs, hands. Keep burn higher than heart. Call ambulance. If the Blisters Break: Clean & apply antibiotic ointment Cover with sterile dressing Change dressing every day
Burns Chemical Burn  Remove chemical causing burn by washing the skin under cool running water for at least 20 minutes. Remove all clothing or jewelry that may be contaminated by the chemical. After washing, apply cool, wet cloth on the After washing, apply cool, wet cloth on the burn to relieve the pain.  Never put ice on the burn, as it delay healing or cause extra damage
Burns Electrical Burn  Call the ambulance immediately.  Look out if there is any contact with the electric source.  Turn off the electrical source or try move it by non – conducting object.  Prevent shock by lying the child down and raising  Prevent shock by lying the child down and raising thelegs with an object. e.g. Pillow  Immediately help victim who suffered from electrical burn without looking out if the victim be in contact with it.
DIRECT INJURY INDIRECT INJURY MUSCULAR CONTRACTION OR EXPANSION
Pain Swelling Tenderness Loss of Power Loss of Power Deformity Unnatural Movement Irregularity Crapitus
Make The Patient Comfortable Check Bleeding Give Support Give Support Transportation.
BANDAGES FUNCTIONS OF A BANDAGE 1.Maintain direct pressure over a dressing to control a bleeding. 2.Hold dressing and splints in position. 3.Prevent or reduce swelling 4.Provide support for limbs/joints 5.Restrict movement 6.Assistance in carrying /lifting the causality 6.Assistance in carrying /lifting the causality TYPES OF BANDAGES 1.Roller bandage or crepe 2.Triangular bandage/universal (It’s called universal because many .bandages can be made from it.) 1.Roller bandage 2.Triangular bandage
Seek for Ambulance 108 : Ambulance Use Stretcher Handle the spine fracture victim with utmost care and Caution OR Place the patient under proper care
Single Person Cradle Human Crutch
Pick a Back Fire man’s lift
Hand Seat Four Handed Seat Two Arm Seat
When space does not permit two hand seat Improvised
FIRST-AID TRAINING PPT.pdf