This document discusses elements of visual perception and image processing. It defines an image as a two-dimensional function where x and y are spatial coordinates and amplitude is intensity. A digital image is composed of pixels with locations and values. Image processing includes importing images, analyzing and manipulating them, and outputting results. Visual perception is based on mathematical formulations, with human judgment selecting techniques. The eyes act as sensors, neurons connect to the brain which processes images. Elements of visual perception include eye structure, image formation in the eye, and brightness adaptation and discrimination.

1. Elements of Visual Perception
Prof. Neeraj Bhargava
Kapil Chauhan
Department of Computer Science
School of Engineering & Systems Sciences
MDS University, Ajmer

2. Introduction
 An image is a two-dimensional function f(x,y).
 where x and y are the spatial (plane) coordinates, and
the amplitude of f at any pair of coordinates (x,y) is
called the intensity of the image at that level.

3. Cont..
 If x,y and the amplitude values of f are finite and
discrete quantities, we call the image a digital image.
 A digital image is composed of a finite number of
elements called pixels, each of which has a particular
location and value.

4. Cont..
 Image processing basically includes the following
three steps:
 Importing the image via image acquisition tools;
 Analysing and manipulating the image;
 Output in which result can be altered image or report
that is based on image analysis.

5. Visual perception
 The field of digital image processing is built on the
foundation of mathematical and probabilistic
formulation.
 Human intuition and analysis play the main role to
make the selection between various techniques, and
the choice or selection is basically made on subjective,
visual judgments.

6. Cont..
 In human visual perception, the eyes act as the sensor
or camera, neurons act as the connecting cable and the
brain acts as the processor

7. Cont..
 The basic elements of visual perceptions are:
 Structure of Eye
 Image Formation in the Eye
 Brightness Adaptation and Discrimination

8. Assignment
 Explain the term Image Processing and describe the
elements of visual perception.