Electricity is the flow of electrons between atoms. Objects become charged when they gain or lose electrons - gaining electrons makes them negatively charged, while losing electrons makes them positively charged. There are two main types of electricity: static electricity occurs when electrons build up on an object, while current electricity refers to the continuous flow of electrons from one place to another. Materials that conduct electricity well are called conductors, while insulators do not conduct electricity easily. Static electricity can be generated through friction or contact between objects and causes electrons to transfer.

1. Electricity SNC1D0

2. What is electricity? Electricity is the energy generated from the transfer of electrons Electrons are located on the outside of atoms, and can easily move in or out of atoms

3. Electric Charges When objects have no loss or gain of electrons, they can be considered “neutral” When an object gains electrons, it becomes “negatively” charged When an object loses electrons, it becomes “positively” charged

4. Law of Electric Charges “ Like charges repel one another, and unlike charges attract one another.” An object with opposite charges will attract each other A charged object and a neutral object will attract each other Same charged objects repel each other Neutral objects have no effect on each other

5. Types of Electricity There are 2 main forms of electricity Static electricity refers to when electrons are built up on an object Current electricity refers to a flow of electrons

6. Conductors and Insulators Conductors are materials that allow electrons to flow freely through them (metals) Insulators are materials that do not allow easy flow of electrons (rubber, plastics)

7. Static Electricity Static electricity can be generated through a variety of ways: Friction - electrons rub onto another object Contact - electrons jump onto another object

8. Electrostatics Electrostatics refers to the ability for something to hold onto electrons, the study of static electricity Something with a greater hold on electrons can “steal” electrons from something with a weaker hold (Weak hold of electrons) Acetate Glass Wool Cat fur, human hair Calcium, magnesium, lead Silk Aluminum, zinc Cotton Parafin wax Ebonite Plastic Carbon, copper, nickel Rubber Sulphur Platinum, gold (strong hold on electrons)

9. Electrostatics Example: If you rub a glass rod with a piece of silk, the electrons go to the silk from the glass The silk becomes negatively charged The glass becomes positively charged (Weak hold of electrons) Acetate Glass Wool Cat fur, human hair Calcium, magnesium, lead Silk Aluminum, zinc Cotton Parafin wax Ebonite Plastic Carbon, copper, nickel Rubber Sulphur Platinum, gold (strong hold on electrons)

10. Charging by Contact When a charged object touches a neutral object, it becomes charged as well Example: When you touch a charged sphere, the electrons jump into your body and charge your hair

11. Method of Creating Static Charges

12. Current Electricity Current electricity refers to a flow of electrons A continuous source of electrons flow from one place to another