Electrical resistivity a geophysical method and its applications in environmental health science
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
8 likes•2,653 views
The common use of Electrical resistivity methods in Environmental Health Science, i.e. safe water aquifer investigation (saline intrusion, groundwater investigation), pollution mapping, site selection (landfill, structures) etc
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Electrical resistivity method ( electrical survey)
This document provides information about an online presentation on the electrical resistivity method in applied geophysics and engineering geology. It includes details about the date, time, presenter, and link to join the Zoom meeting. The bulk of the document then discusses the background and principles of the electrical resistivity method, including different electrode configurations, modes of deployment like vertical electrical sounding and constant separation traversing, and factors that influence electrode selection. Tables provide data on resistivities of common rocks and minerals and geometric factors for different electrode arrays.
Application of vertical electrical sounding and horizontal profiling methods ...
The document describes a study that used vertical electrical sounding (VES) and horizontal profiling (EP) methods to characterize the subsurface stratification at a proposed dam site on the Segen River in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Ten VES points were collected along two profiles, and two EP surveys were conducted along the profiles. The VES and EP results identified weak zones up to 20-30 meters deep at several locations along the profiles, indicating the need for further core drilling investigations to properly evaluate the subsurface conditions for dam construction.
Lecture 13-electrical method -field procedure
This document discusses survey design and procedures for electrical resistivity surveys. It describes three common modes: 1) Sounding mode, where electrode spacing is varied to map resistivity with depth at fixed locations. 2) Profiling mode, where electrode spacing is fixed and the array is moved laterally to map lateral resistivity variations. 3) Profiling-sounding mode, which combines aspects of profiling and sounding modes. Common electrode arrays like Wenner and Schlumberger are described for each mode. Sounding and profiling modes are suited for mapping vertical and horizontal resistivity contrasts respectively.
Resistivity method
This presentation discusses electrical resistivity methods for geophysical surveying. It describes how resistivity utilizes differences in electric potential to image the subsurface. Key concepts covered include Ohm's law, electrode configurations like Wenner and Schlumberger arrays, methods like vertical electrical sounding and electric profiling, and instrumentation used including current sources, resistivity meters, and electrode types. Applications mentioned are groundwater detection, mineral exploration, and waste exploration.
Electrical resistivity and electromagnetic method for detection of water bear...
1) The document discusses electrical resistivity and electromagnetic methods for detecting groundwater zones. It describes how each method works, including the instruments used, field techniques, and types of surveys conducted.
2) Results of surveys done in India show that both methods can identify potential aquifers at depths of 10-100 meters, though electrical resistivity has limitations like equivalence and anisotropy effects. Electromagnetic has issues with noise sensitivity.
3) Both methods have advantages and limitations depending on the geological conditions and budget. The comparative study provides guidance on which method to use in different situations for groundwater exploration.
Seismic Refraction Test
Seismic Refraction Test
Subsurface investigation by seismic refraction
Seismic Data Analysis
Seismic refraction instrumental set up and operation
P-waves velocity ranges for different strata
Presentation on geophysical methods
This document provides an overview of geophysical methods used for site investigation and laboratory measurements. It discusses various methods including electrical resistivity, seismic methods, electromagnetic conductivity, gravity geophysical methods, and geothermal methods. For each method, it describes how the technique works and how tests are conducted to collect subsurface data on properties like density, conductivity, and elastic moduli. The document aims to explain different geophysical techniques that can be employed to characterize subsurface conditions.
Geophysical well logging
Geophysical well logging uses sensors located in boreholes to measure physical properties of surrounding rocks as a function of depth. Well logs are used to identify geological formations and fluids, correlate between holes, and evaluate reservoir formations. Common logging methods include electrical resistivity, self-potential, nuclear, acoustic, and thermal measurements. The objective is to determine in situ rock and fluid properties, though drilling disturbs the formation. Effective depth of penetration varies between tools and formations. Well logging aims to identify potential reservoirs by determining porosity, permeability, and fluid contents.
Recommended
Electrical resistivity method ( electrical survey)
This document provides information about an online presentation on the electrical resistivity method in applied geophysics and engineering geology. It includes details about the date, time, presenter, and link to join the Zoom meeting. The bulk of the document then discusses the background and principles of the electrical resistivity method, including different electrode configurations, modes of deployment like vertical electrical sounding and constant separation traversing, and factors that influence electrode selection. Tables provide data on resistivities of common rocks and minerals and geometric factors for different electrode arrays.
Application of vertical electrical sounding and horizontal profiling methods ...
The document describes a study that used vertical electrical sounding (VES) and horizontal profiling (EP) methods to characterize the subsurface stratification at a proposed dam site on the Segen River in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Ten VES points were collected along two profiles, and two EP surveys were conducted along the profiles. The VES and EP results identified weak zones up to 20-30 meters deep at several locations along the profiles, indicating the need for further core drilling investigations to properly evaluate the subsurface conditions for dam construction.
Lecture 13-electrical method -field procedure
This document discusses survey design and procedures for electrical resistivity surveys. It describes three common modes: 1) Sounding mode, where electrode spacing is varied to map resistivity with depth at fixed locations. 2) Profiling mode, where electrode spacing is fixed and the array is moved laterally to map lateral resistivity variations. 3) Profiling-sounding mode, which combines aspects of profiling and sounding modes. Common electrode arrays like Wenner and Schlumberger are described for each mode. Sounding and profiling modes are suited for mapping vertical and horizontal resistivity contrasts respectively.
Resistivity method
This presentation discusses electrical resistivity methods for geophysical surveying. It describes how resistivity utilizes differences in electric potential to image the subsurface. Key concepts covered include Ohm's law, electrode configurations like Wenner and Schlumberger arrays, methods like vertical electrical sounding and electric profiling, and instrumentation used including current sources, resistivity meters, and electrode types. Applications mentioned are groundwater detection, mineral exploration, and waste exploration.
Electrical resistivity and electromagnetic method for detection of water bear...
1) The document discusses electrical resistivity and electromagnetic methods for detecting groundwater zones. It describes how each method works, including the instruments used, field techniques, and types of surveys conducted.
2) Results of surveys done in India show that both methods can identify potential aquifers at depths of 10-100 meters, though electrical resistivity has limitations like equivalence and anisotropy effects. Electromagnetic has issues with noise sensitivity.
3) Both methods have advantages and limitations depending on the geological conditions and budget. The comparative study provides guidance on which method to use in different situations for groundwater exploration.
Seismic Refraction Test
Seismic Refraction Test
Subsurface investigation by seismic refraction
Seismic Data Analysis
Seismic refraction instrumental set up and operation
P-waves velocity ranges for different strata
Presentation on geophysical methods
This document provides an overview of geophysical methods used for site investigation and laboratory measurements. It discusses various methods including electrical resistivity, seismic methods, electromagnetic conductivity, gravity geophysical methods, and geothermal methods. For each method, it describes how the technique works and how tests are conducted to collect subsurface data on properties like density, conductivity, and elastic moduli. The document aims to explain different geophysical techniques that can be employed to characterize subsurface conditions.
Geophysical well logging
Geophysical well logging uses sensors located in boreholes to measure physical properties of surrounding rocks as a function of depth. Well logs are used to identify geological formations and fluids, correlate between holes, and evaluate reservoir formations. Common logging methods include electrical resistivity, self-potential, nuclear, acoustic, and thermal measurements. The objective is to determine in situ rock and fluid properties, though drilling disturbs the formation. Effective depth of penetration varies between tools and formations. Well logging aims to identify potential reservoirs by determining porosity, permeability, and fluid contents.
Resistivity Survey
This Lecture includes the Resistivity survey, field procedure, application advantage, limitaion, Apparant resistivity, VES (Vertical Electrical Sounding), Resistivity Profiling and IP Survey in brief.
Seismic Refraction Surveying
The document discusses the methods for near-surface seismic refraction surveying. It describes typical equipment used including seismographs, sensors, spread cables, and sources. It outlines survey geometry considerations for sensor and source placement. It also details typical recording parameters, the analysis process of picking first breaks and inverting travel time curves, and references additional analysis techniques and software.
Reflecting method of seismic prospecting
This document provides an overview of seismic prospecting methods. It discusses the different types of seismic waves, including P-waves, S-waves, and surface waves. The seismic reflecting method is described as using controlled seismic sources to generate waves that reflect off underground formations and are detected by sensors at the surface. Reflection seismology can be used to map subsurface geology at various depths for applications like hydrocarbon exploration, engineering surveys, and studying crustal structures. In summary, the document outlines seismic prospecting techniques, focusing on the seismic reflecting method of using controlled sources and detecting reflected waves.
Geophysical prospecting
This document discusses geophysical prospecting methods used to study the structure of the earth's crust. It focuses on electrical resistivity methods, including resistivity profiling and resistivity sounding. Resistivity profiling uses constant electrode spacing to investigate lateral variations in soil resistivity along lines or parallel lines. Resistivity sounding varies electrode spacing with readings taken at the same point to determine resistivity variation with depth. Both methods can be used to distinguish soil layers and prospect for resources like ores, sand, and gravel.
Electrical method
The document discusses the electrical resistivity method for geophysical investigations. It begins by defining electrical resistivity and describing how it is measured. Resistivity depends on factors like moisture content and porosity. Common materials and their typical resistivity ranges are provided. The document then describes the principles and applications of two electrical methods - equipotential and resistivity. Key aspects covered include how resistivity is used to interpret subsurface layers and detect anomalies. The document concludes by outlining several applications of electrical resistivity methods like mapping stratigraphy and aquifers.
Self Potential Method (Electrical Survey)
The document provides information about the self potential (SP) method of geophysical surveying. It discusses the background of SP surveying and its applications in mineral exploration, groundwater mapping, and engineering. It describes the various types of potentials that can generate SP anomalies, including electrokinetic, diffusion, Nernst, mineral, and electrochemical potentials. The document outlines how SP is measured in the field using fixed-base and gradient methods. It also discusses interpreting SP data qualitatively based on anomaly shape, amplitude, and polarity and quantitatively by modeling anomaly sources as simple geometric shapes.
Gravity Method
The presentation comprises the Gravity Method, It's anomaly, reduction, and its applications. The Gravity method is commonly used in Geology specifically in Geophysics.
Induced Polarization (IP)
Induced polarization (IP) phenomena were first observed in 1912 by Conrad Schlumberger, where electrically conductive materials exhibited a delayed voltage response after an applied current was switched off. IP parameters respond to disseminated mineral grains and chargeability is measured by sending a pulsating current to create ion exchange between mineral grains and pore fluids. When the current stops, the voltage drops and dissipates gradually over time. IP measurements use similar equipment to resistivity surveys and the two techniques are usually conducted together.
ELECTRICAL METHODS OF GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION OF MINERAL DEPOSITS.pptx
This document discusses various electrical methods used in geophysical exploration of mineral deposits. It describes five main geophysical methods - seismic, gravity, electrical, radioactive, and magnetic. The electrical methods section focuses on self-polarization, equipotential, electromagnetic, resistivity, and induced polarization techniques. Resistivity techniques like Wenner, Schlumberger and dipole-dipole configurations are explained. The document concludes that electrical methods are useful for exploring metallic and sulphide deposits and groundwater, as well as characterizing rock properties.
Gravity and magmetic method
The document discusses different geophysical methods used for subsurface exploration, including gravity, magnetic, electrical resistivity, and seismic methods. It focuses on explaining the gravity and magnetic methods. Gravity surveys measure differences in the gravitational field to detect variations in subsurface density distributions. Magnetic surveys map variations in the magnetic field caused by changes in magnetic susceptibility or structure of near-surface rocks. Both methods are used to locate features like hydrocarbon deposits, ore bodies, cavities, and buried structures or utilities.
Geophysical exploration
It covers seismic method, gravity method, electromagnetic method, magnetic method and radiometric method. all these methods help in mineral exploration
Magnetic prospecting
The document discusses magnetic prospecting, which uses measurements of magnetic field anomalies caused by differences in rock magnetization to locate ore deposits. It describes how the Earth behaves like a large magnet and how instruments like magnetometers can measure variations in the magnetic field. Magnetic prospecting relies on differences between paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, and diamagnetic minerals. It has applications in locating deposits of iron, manganese, and other economically important minerals.
Well logging
Introduction
Petrophysic of the rocks
It is the study of the physical and chemical properties of the rocks related to the pores and fluid distribution
Porosity, is ratio between volume of void to the total voids of the rock.
Permeability, is ability of a porous material to allow fluids to pass through it.
Electric, most of the sedimentary rocks don’t have conductivity.
Radiation, clay rocks have 40K, radiate alpha ray.
Hardness, it depends on the cementing material and thickness of the sediments.
WELL LOGGING
The systematic recording of rock properties and it’s fluid contents in wells being drilled or produced to obtain various petrophysical parameters and characteristics of down hole sequences (G.E Archie 1950).
The measurement versus depth or time, or both, of one or more physical properties in a well.
These methods are particularly good when surface outcrops are not available, but a direct sample of the rock is needed to be sure of the lithology.
A wide range of physical parameters can be measured.
In some cases, the measurements are not direct, it require interpretation by analogy or by correlating values between two or more logs run in the same hole.
Provide information on lithology, boundaries of formations and stratigraphic correlation.
Determine Porosity, Permeability, water, oil and gas saturation.
Reservoir modeling and Structural studies… etc.
Types of Well Logging
Logs can be classified into several types under different category
Permeability and lithology Logs
Gamma Ray log
Self Potential [SP] log
Caliber log
Porosity Logs
Density log
Sonic log
Neutron log
Electrical Logs
Resistivity Log
For contact : omerupto3@gmail.com
Geological mapping
Geological surveys are normally undertaken by private agencies, state government departs of mines and geology, and national geological survey organizations. They maintain the geological inventory of various formations, mineral deposits and resources. They keep all records for the advancement of knowledge of geosciences for the benefit of the nation. Geological mapping are parts of a geological survey. It involves certain procedures. This lesson highlights the methods and procedures of geological mapping.
Magnetic Survey
1. The document summarizes a presentation on magnetic survey methods given on May 21, 2020. It discusses concepts like magnetic susceptibility of rocks, elements that make up Earth's magnetic field like the core and mantle, and how magnetic polarity reversals are recorded in rocks.
2. Key factors that control magnetic susceptibility of rocks are magnetic minerals like olivine and magnetite. Susceptibility can also depend on mineral grain alignment. Magnetic fabrics provide information on rock composition and formation processes.
3. Earth has layers of increasing density, from less dense continental crust to denser mantle and core. The outer core generates convection currents that power the magnetic field, and the inner solid core rotates to produce it.
Refraction Seismic
This document discusses seismic refraction techniques. It begins by explaining the principles of refraction and total refraction. Applications of refraction seismology include oil and gas exploration, geotechnical studies, water prospecting, and landslide studies. It then discusses unfavorable geological settings for refraction seismic work and provides an example refraction data record. The rest of the document outlines equipment, energy sources, data processing techniques like first break picking, travel time analysis, and velocity determination. It also discusses using refraction data to determine bedrock velocity, thickness of geological layers, and rock properties like rippability.
Electrical survey 2018
The Lectures describes the Electrical method of Geophysical Prospecting in brief. SP surveying and Occurrence of Self potential and its application is discussed in brief.
Geophysical Exploration
Geophysical exploration uses physical methods to measure subsurface properties without sampling. It includes passive methods that measure natural fields like gravity and magnetism, and active methods using artificial sources like seismic surveys. Seismic surveys involve generating seismic waves, including faster P-waves and slower S-waves, from sources like explosions. These waves travel through and reflect off subsurface interfaces to reveal information about geological structures and detect hydrocarbon deposits like oil and gas. Geophysical surveys are a low-cost exploration technique used to find new reserves and guide further exploration activities.
Mt 1
The document discusses the magnetotelluric (MT) method, which uses natural electromagnetic fields generated by solar winds and lightning to infer the conductivity and resistivity distribution of the subsurface. The MT method involves passive surface measurements of the earth's natural EM fields across a wide frequency range to investigate structures at intermediate to deep depths. Key aspects covered include skin effect, which causes exponential attenuation of EM waves with depth; MT data processing in the frequency domain; and 1D and 2D inversion modeling to estimate subsurface resistivity structures from measured impedance data.
Geophysical methods
Oslo university
training course for students
Introduction to Petroleum Geology and Geophysics
Geophysical Methods in Hydrocarbon Exploration
(C)UIO
Geo Environmental Investigation of Abuad Dumpsite, Southwestern Nigeria
Geoenvironmental study of ABUAD female dumpsite was conducted to investigate the suitability of its location
and potential impact on groundwater in the environment. Profiling and Vertical electrical sounding methods
were employed using Dipole - Dipole and Schlumberger configuration respectively. Five points were sounded
and one profile was occupied. Three heterogeneous subsurface lithologic units were established namely; lateritic
topsoil, clayey-sand, and, fresh basement. The curve types are simple H and HA. The topsoil and clayey-sand
materials are characterized with relatively low resistivity values while the fresh basement materials are
characterized with high resistivity values. The average resistivity and thickness values for the topsoil are
280.0Ωm and.2.3m respectively. Clayey-sand was encountered in all the locations with average resistivity and
thickness values of 32.0Ωm and 7.3m respectively. Basement is relatively shallow in the study area, it was
encountered in all the locations with an average resistivity and depth values to the top of basement of 674Ωm,
and 9.6m respectively. Overburden materials are relatively thin within the area with an average resistivity and
thickness values of 156Ωm, and 9.6m respectively. The overburden materials constituting the aquiferous units
within the study area are porous, vulnerable, and good paths for leachate migration. The relatively low
resistivity values within the clayey-sand layers (14 - 61Ωm) are suggestive of leachate intrusion, while relatively
high resistivity values of the impervious basement are due to their crystalline nature. The proximity of the
dumpsite to both the cafeteria and residential halls is a cause for concern.
Article ebong
Geohydraulic parameters are essential elements in groundwater resource management and conservation.
Most of these parameters especially the hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity are usually estimated
from pumping test carried out on drilled boreholes. This paper presents a study conducted in Abi area of
the Ikom-Mamfe Embayment with the objective of estimating aquifer parameters from 30 evenly
distributed vertical electrical soundings using the Schlumberger configuration and hydrogeologic
measurements from 28 boreholes within the area as an alternative way of generating an initial data
for groundwater characterisation and quality assessment in the area. The results showed low resistivity
645 Xm, hydraulic conductivity 62.0 105 m/s (61.7 m/day) and transmissivity 65.2 104 m2/s
(645 m2/day) for the water-bearing aquifer horizons in the northeastern and northwestern parts of
the study area due to the nature of the aquifer system that were predominantly fractured shale. The sand
based aquifers had higher values in the neighbourhood of 100–800 Xm, 4.0 105–1.0 104 m/s
(3.46–9.04 m/day) and 6.94 104–3.81 103 m2/s (60–330 m2/day) for the respective parameters
mentioned above. The potability of the groundwater system as observed from hydrogeologic measurements
of water samples from most boreholes were relatively poor, having electrical conductivity
and total dissolved solids values of 250–931.0 lS/cm and 500–623.77 mg/l respectively due to the
influence of clay minerals within the aquifer horizon. Some of the vertical electrical sounding points were
taken in the vicinity were pumping tests and lithologic data were available for adequate comparison of
the results.Electrical resistivity
Geohydraulic parameters
Groundwater
Hydraulic conductivity
Ikom-Mamfe Embayment
Abi-Nigeria
More Related Content
What's hot
Resistivity Survey
This Lecture includes the Resistivity survey, field procedure, application advantage, limitaion, Apparant resistivity, VES (Vertical Electrical Sounding), Resistivity Profiling and IP Survey in brief.
Seismic Refraction Surveying
The document discusses the methods for near-surface seismic refraction surveying. It describes typical equipment used including seismographs, sensors, spread cables, and sources. It outlines survey geometry considerations for sensor and source placement. It also details typical recording parameters, the analysis process of picking first breaks and inverting travel time curves, and references additional analysis techniques and software.
Reflecting method of seismic prospecting
This document provides an overview of seismic prospecting methods. It discusses the different types of seismic waves, including P-waves, S-waves, and surface waves. The seismic reflecting method is described as using controlled seismic sources to generate waves that reflect off underground formations and are detected by sensors at the surface. Reflection seismology can be used to map subsurface geology at various depths for applications like hydrocarbon exploration, engineering surveys, and studying crustal structures. In summary, the document outlines seismic prospecting techniques, focusing on the seismic reflecting method of using controlled sources and detecting reflected waves.
Geophysical prospecting
This document discusses geophysical prospecting methods used to study the structure of the earth's crust. It focuses on electrical resistivity methods, including resistivity profiling and resistivity sounding. Resistivity profiling uses constant electrode spacing to investigate lateral variations in soil resistivity along lines or parallel lines. Resistivity sounding varies electrode spacing with readings taken at the same point to determine resistivity variation with depth. Both methods can be used to distinguish soil layers and prospect for resources like ores, sand, and gravel.
Electrical method
The document discusses the electrical resistivity method for geophysical investigations. It begins by defining electrical resistivity and describing how it is measured. Resistivity depends on factors like moisture content and porosity. Common materials and their typical resistivity ranges are provided. The document then describes the principles and applications of two electrical methods - equipotential and resistivity. Key aspects covered include how resistivity is used to interpret subsurface layers and detect anomalies. The document concludes by outlining several applications of electrical resistivity methods like mapping stratigraphy and aquifers.
Self Potential Method (Electrical Survey)
The document provides information about the self potential (SP) method of geophysical surveying. It discusses the background of SP surveying and its applications in mineral exploration, groundwater mapping, and engineering. It describes the various types of potentials that can generate SP anomalies, including electrokinetic, diffusion, Nernst, mineral, and electrochemical potentials. The document outlines how SP is measured in the field using fixed-base and gradient methods. It also discusses interpreting SP data qualitatively based on anomaly shape, amplitude, and polarity and quantitatively by modeling anomaly sources as simple geometric shapes.
Gravity Method
The presentation comprises the Gravity Method, It's anomaly, reduction, and its applications. The Gravity method is commonly used in Geology specifically in Geophysics.
Induced Polarization (IP)
Induced polarization (IP) phenomena were first observed in 1912 by Conrad Schlumberger, where electrically conductive materials exhibited a delayed voltage response after an applied current was switched off. IP parameters respond to disseminated mineral grains and chargeability is measured by sending a pulsating current to create ion exchange between mineral grains and pore fluids. When the current stops, the voltage drops and dissipates gradually over time. IP measurements use similar equipment to resistivity surveys and the two techniques are usually conducted together.
ELECTRICAL METHODS OF GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION OF MINERAL DEPOSITS.pptx
This document discusses various electrical methods used in geophysical exploration of mineral deposits. It describes five main geophysical methods - seismic, gravity, electrical, radioactive, and magnetic. The electrical methods section focuses on self-polarization, equipotential, electromagnetic, resistivity, and induced polarization techniques. Resistivity techniques like Wenner, Schlumberger and dipole-dipole configurations are explained. The document concludes that electrical methods are useful for exploring metallic and sulphide deposits and groundwater, as well as characterizing rock properties.
Gravity and magmetic method
The document discusses different geophysical methods used for subsurface exploration, including gravity, magnetic, electrical resistivity, and seismic methods. It focuses on explaining the gravity and magnetic methods. Gravity surveys measure differences in the gravitational field to detect variations in subsurface density distributions. Magnetic surveys map variations in the magnetic field caused by changes in magnetic susceptibility or structure of near-surface rocks. Both methods are used to locate features like hydrocarbon deposits, ore bodies, cavities, and buried structures or utilities.
Geophysical exploration
It covers seismic method, gravity method, electromagnetic method, magnetic method and radiometric method. all these methods help in mineral exploration
Magnetic prospecting
The document discusses magnetic prospecting, which uses measurements of magnetic field anomalies caused by differences in rock magnetization to locate ore deposits. It describes how the Earth behaves like a large magnet and how instruments like magnetometers can measure variations in the magnetic field. Magnetic prospecting relies on differences between paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, and diamagnetic minerals. It has applications in locating deposits of iron, manganese, and other economically important minerals.
Well logging
Introduction
Petrophysic of the rocks
It is the study of the physical and chemical properties of the rocks related to the pores and fluid distribution
Porosity, is ratio between volume of void to the total voids of the rock.
Permeability, is ability of a porous material to allow fluids to pass through it.
Electric, most of the sedimentary rocks don’t have conductivity.
Radiation, clay rocks have 40K, radiate alpha ray.
Hardness, it depends on the cementing material and thickness of the sediments.
WELL LOGGING
The systematic recording of rock properties and it’s fluid contents in wells being drilled or produced to obtain various petrophysical parameters and characteristics of down hole sequences (G.E Archie 1950).
The measurement versus depth or time, or both, of one or more physical properties in a well.
These methods are particularly good when surface outcrops are not available, but a direct sample of the rock is needed to be sure of the lithology.
A wide range of physical parameters can be measured.
In some cases, the measurements are not direct, it require interpretation by analogy or by correlating values between two or more logs run in the same hole.
Provide information on lithology, boundaries of formations and stratigraphic correlation.
Determine Porosity, Permeability, water, oil and gas saturation.
Reservoir modeling and Structural studies… etc.
Types of Well Logging
Logs can be classified into several types under different category
Permeability and lithology Logs
Gamma Ray log
Self Potential [SP] log
Caliber log
Porosity Logs
Density log
Sonic log
Neutron log
Electrical Logs
Resistivity Log
For contact : omerupto3@gmail.com
Geological mapping
Geological surveys are normally undertaken by private agencies, state government departs of mines and geology, and national geological survey organizations. They maintain the geological inventory of various formations, mineral deposits and resources. They keep all records for the advancement of knowledge of geosciences for the benefit of the nation. Geological mapping are parts of a geological survey. It involves certain procedures. This lesson highlights the methods and procedures of geological mapping.
Magnetic Survey
1. The document summarizes a presentation on magnetic survey methods given on May 21, 2020. It discusses concepts like magnetic susceptibility of rocks, elements that make up Earth's magnetic field like the core and mantle, and how magnetic polarity reversals are recorded in rocks.
2. Key factors that control magnetic susceptibility of rocks are magnetic minerals like olivine and magnetite. Susceptibility can also depend on mineral grain alignment. Magnetic fabrics provide information on rock composition and formation processes.
3. Earth has layers of increasing density, from less dense continental crust to denser mantle and core. The outer core generates convection currents that power the magnetic field, and the inner solid core rotates to produce it.
Refraction Seismic
This document discusses seismic refraction techniques. It begins by explaining the principles of refraction and total refraction. Applications of refraction seismology include oil and gas exploration, geotechnical studies, water prospecting, and landslide studies. It then discusses unfavorable geological settings for refraction seismic work and provides an example refraction data record. The rest of the document outlines equipment, energy sources, data processing techniques like first break picking, travel time analysis, and velocity determination. It also discusses using refraction data to determine bedrock velocity, thickness of geological layers, and rock properties like rippability.
Electrical survey 2018
The Lectures describes the Electrical method of Geophysical Prospecting in brief. SP surveying and Occurrence of Self potential and its application is discussed in brief.
Geophysical Exploration
Geophysical exploration uses physical methods to measure subsurface properties without sampling. It includes passive methods that measure natural fields like gravity and magnetism, and active methods using artificial sources like seismic surveys. Seismic surveys involve generating seismic waves, including faster P-waves and slower S-waves, from sources like explosions. These waves travel through and reflect off subsurface interfaces to reveal information about geological structures and detect hydrocarbon deposits like oil and gas. Geophysical surveys are a low-cost exploration technique used to find new reserves and guide further exploration activities.
Mt 1
The document discusses the magnetotelluric (MT) method, which uses natural electromagnetic fields generated by solar winds and lightning to infer the conductivity and resistivity distribution of the subsurface. The MT method involves passive surface measurements of the earth's natural EM fields across a wide frequency range to investigate structures at intermediate to deep depths. Key aspects covered include skin effect, which causes exponential attenuation of EM waves with depth; MT data processing in the frequency domain; and 1D and 2D inversion modeling to estimate subsurface resistivity structures from measured impedance data.
Geophysical methods
Oslo university
training course for students
Introduction to Petroleum Geology and Geophysics
Geophysical Methods in Hydrocarbon Exploration
(C)UIO
What's hot (20)
ELECTRICAL METHODS OF GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION OF MINERAL DEPOSITS.pptx
ELECTRICAL METHODS OF GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION OF MINERAL DEPOSITS.pptx
Similar to Electrical resistivity a geophysical method and its applications in environmental health science
Geo Environmental Investigation of Abuad Dumpsite, Southwestern Nigeria
Geoenvironmental study of ABUAD female dumpsite was conducted to investigate the suitability of its location
and potential impact on groundwater in the environment. Profiling and Vertical electrical sounding methods
were employed using Dipole - Dipole and Schlumberger configuration respectively. Five points were sounded
and one profile was occupied. Three heterogeneous subsurface lithologic units were established namely; lateritic
topsoil, clayey-sand, and, fresh basement. The curve types are simple H and HA. The topsoil and clayey-sand
materials are characterized with relatively low resistivity values while the fresh basement materials are
characterized with high resistivity values. The average resistivity and thickness values for the topsoil are
280.0Ωm and.2.3m respectively. Clayey-sand was encountered in all the locations with average resistivity and
thickness values of 32.0Ωm and 7.3m respectively. Basement is relatively shallow in the study area, it was
encountered in all the locations with an average resistivity and depth values to the top of basement of 674Ωm,
and 9.6m respectively. Overburden materials are relatively thin within the area with an average resistivity and
thickness values of 156Ωm, and 9.6m respectively. The overburden materials constituting the aquiferous units
within the study area are porous, vulnerable, and good paths for leachate migration. The relatively low
resistivity values within the clayey-sand layers (14 - 61Ωm) are suggestive of leachate intrusion, while relatively
high resistivity values of the impervious basement are due to their crystalline nature. The proximity of the
dumpsite to both the cafeteria and residential halls is a cause for concern.
Article ebong
Geohydraulic parameters are essential elements in groundwater resource management and conservation.
Most of these parameters especially the hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity are usually estimated
from pumping test carried out on drilled boreholes. This paper presents a study conducted in Abi area of
the Ikom-Mamfe Embayment with the objective of estimating aquifer parameters from 30 evenly
distributed vertical electrical soundings using the Schlumberger configuration and hydrogeologic
measurements from 28 boreholes within the area as an alternative way of generating an initial data
for groundwater characterisation and quality assessment in the area. The results showed low resistivity
645 Xm, hydraulic conductivity 62.0 105 m/s (61.7 m/day) and transmissivity 65.2 104 m2/s
(645 m2/day) for the water-bearing aquifer horizons in the northeastern and northwestern parts of
the study area due to the nature of the aquifer system that were predominantly fractured shale. The sand
based aquifers had higher values in the neighbourhood of 100–800 Xm, 4.0 105–1.0 104 m/s
(3.46–9.04 m/day) and 6.94 104–3.81 103 m2/s (60–330 m2/day) for the respective parameters
mentioned above. The potability of the groundwater system as observed from hydrogeologic measurements
of water samples from most boreholes were relatively poor, having electrical conductivity
and total dissolved solids values of 250–931.0 lS/cm and 500–623.77 mg/l respectively due to the
influence of clay minerals within the aquifer horizon. Some of the vertical electrical sounding points were
taken in the vicinity were pumping tests and lithologic data were available for adequate comparison of
the results.Electrical resistivity
Geohydraulic parameters
Groundwater
Hydraulic conductivity
Ikom-Mamfe Embayment
Abi-Nigeria
Groundwater research and development potential in auchi polytechnic philipa i...
This document summarizes a study on groundwater research and development potential at Auchi Polytechnic campus in Nigeria. It conducted geophysical surveys including vertical electrical soundings to characterize the subsurface geology and hydrogeology. The resistivity data obtained was interpreted to identify geo-electric parameters and hydrogeological features like potential water-bearing zones. Based on the geophysical and geological findings, the study recommended mobilizing a drilling rig to the site for groundwater exploration and development through borehole drilling to provide a sustainable water source for the campus community.
Journal of Environmental & Earth Sciences | Vol.2, Iss.1 April 2020
The study uses electromagnetic and vertical electrical sounding surveys to investigate the geology and hydrogeophysical features of the Abu Zabad area in Western Kordofan State, Sudan. The surveys identified two main aquifer formations from the Precambrian basement - the weathering formation and fractures formation. Interpretation of the survey data revealed four geo-electric layers but generally two distinct lithologic layers: a superficial deposit layer and a bedrock-basement layer. Aquifer thicknesses in the area range from 20 to 30 meters. The techniques were found to be suitable for identifying potential borehole locations in the basement rock region.
EUNICE PRESENTATION.pptx
The document discusses a geo-electrical imaging survey conducted in Edo State, Nigeria to characterize the subsurface geology for environmental and engineering studies. Resistivity data was collected along four lines using the Wenner array and inverted to produce 2D resistivity images. The images indicate resistivity increases with depth and identify three main layers - alluvium deposits from 0-20m underlain by laterite to 20m thick, underlain by sandstone and shale. Areas over 3500 ohm-m represent bedrock of gravel and granite, showing the area is suitable for construction. The study found no evidence of contamination or faults, but low conductivity suggests limited aquifer potential for water supply.
Geoelectrical and Hydrochemical Assessment of Groundwater for Potability in E...
Geoelectrical and hydrochemical investigations were carried in order to determine the potentials and quality of groundwater in Ebonyi North, Southeastern Nigeria. These methods were also selected to determine their economy and accuracy compared to seismic method. Fifteen (15) vertical electric sounding (VES) survey were conducted using the Schlumberger configuration in order to evaluate the character of the aquifers in the studied locations while twelve (12) groundwater samples were collected from boreholes for hydrochemical analysis. Geoelectric sections derived from modelling of the VES data with the interpex IX1D software reveal 3 to 5 subsurface layers. The lithologic succession comprises of topsoil, lateritic clay, partially weathered, weathered and fractured Asu River shale. The weathered and fractured layers constituted the productive water bearing or aquiferous zones of good groundwater potentials. Hydrochemical analysis of groundwater samples reveals that the pH range from 7.8 to 8.8, electrical conductivity from 10.0 to 1754.00 μS/cm, total dissolved solid from 10.0 to 786.0 mg/l and total hardness from 14.0 to 271.0 mg/l. The analytical results present the concentration of the ions in the following order: Mg > Ca > Na > K and Cl > SO4 >HCO3> NO3 > CO3. Piper trilinear diagram reveals only one water type, with Ca and Cl as the major dominant ions. The major ions concentrations are within recommended standard for drinking, hence the groundwater from the area is suitable for drinking and domestic purposes.
Application of Electrical Resistivity Tomography for Soil Competence Study in...
This study was carried out to determine soil competence around University of Benin Teaching Hospital and its environs using electrical resistivity tomography method. The Wenner Schlumberger Array Profiling method was used to give information of the subsurface resistivity. The result of the study showed that in ERT 1, highly competent soil were observed with resistivity values between 725Ωm and greater than 6546Ωm, which means that the area is underlain by clay sand at the top and sand/laterite/bedrock at the bottom. ERT 2 is characterized by highly competent soils with high resistivity values between 899Ωm to greater than 7851 Ωm, which indicates that the soil is underlain by sand/laterite/bedrocks. Furthermore, ERT 3 is group as highly competent soils, with resistivity values between762Ωm and greater than 6980 Ωm; this shows that the profile 3 is underlain by sand/laterite/bed rock. The study shows that though most part of the area contains soils that are competent, because of the presence of clay which on most occasion in the Niger Delta are expandable, detailed Geophysical and Civil engineering studies should be carried out before the erection of high rising engineering structures such as network masts, buildings and water tanks within the study area.
Integrated Geophysical and Geotechnical Evaluation of Foundation Failure in P...
Geophysical and geotechnical methods have been integrated with the aim of assessing characteristics of sub-surface layers to identify why structures in some parts of Ikere-Ekiti Southwestern Nigeria are failing or sinking as a result of foundation failure. Eight (8) vertical electrical sounding (VES) were carried out using resistivity meter and six (6) pits were dug to a depth of 1.2m. Six disturbed soil samples were collected from the six dug pits for the study. These samples were subjected to geotechnical tests in the laboratory, which include moisture content, shear test, Atterberg limit and grain size analysis. The acquired VES data were processed and interpreted using partial curve matching technique. The results of the all the mall the eight VES produced H curves. This curve type manifested three layers which are composed of sandy-clay, clayeysand/weathered basement and weathered basement/rock head. The depth o rockhead ranges from 12.1 to 43.2m. VES stations four and five have deeper depth to rock head (i.e. 21.3 to 43.2m) while other locations have lesser depth to rockhead (i.e.1 12.1m to 17.5m). The second layer has the lowest resistivity values meaning that it is somewhat conductive owing to clayey sand deposition and weathered area. Geotechnical test shows that the soils in the study area generally has high moisture content, low plasticity, and from grain size distribution, high concentrations of silt and clay. From the result, it is established that the layer in which the foundations are built upon are rated as poor to fairly competent. This might be as a result of poor drainage system characterised the study area which brought about the local deposition of the supposed subsoil. Therefore, high moisture content made the subsoil to lose its competency thereby causing the structures in the study area to subside
resistivity-orig.pdf
The document introduces a new educational program being developed by the Society of Exploration Geophysicists to provide conceptual and cross-disciplinary learning to enable effective collaboration in earth science teams, and provides contact information for the project leader to provide feedback. Copyright information is also provided indicating the materials are freely available under license for non-commercial use.
Electro
In India around 147 million hectares (Mha) of land is under degradation, this includes 94 Mha from water erosion, 16 Mha from acidification, 14 Mha from flooding, 9 Mha from wind erosion, 6 Mha from salinity, and 7 Mha from a combination of factors. Even though The total land area of India is just 2.4% of the world’s land area , it ranks second in the world in farming. Agriculture employs almost 50% of the total workforce in India. So there is an increased need for monitoring and researching the various facets of land degradation. Electrokinetics is defined as the physicochemical transport of charge, action of charged particles and effects of applied electric potentials on formation and fluid transport in porous media. The utilization of electrokinetic in geotechnical engineering for dewatering, consolidation and stabilization of low permeability and to transport certain chemical species in an electrolyte system had opened new opportunities for application in geo environmental engineering. Approaching anode is one of the enhancement techniques in electrokinetic soil remediation. This technique is reported to give promising migration for heavy metals under shorter treatment time and at lower cost in comparison to normal fixed anode system. In the present study, the effectiveness of fixed anode and approaching anode techniques in electrokinetic soil remediation for lead migration under different types of wetting agents (0.01M NaNO3 and 0.1M citric acid) was investigated. Key Words: Acidification , Failure, Land Degradation, Electrokinetics
ASSESMENT OF FAULT ACTIVITY a mineralogical perspective_Radwan
This document outlines a term paper on assessing fault activity from a mineralogical perspective. It discusses electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dating of faults. EPR dating measures radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in minerals to determine the accumulated radiation dose over time. This can date fault movements by dating minerals crushed during faulting or precipitated in fault zones. The document presents a case study of the Eupchon Fault in South Korea, where EPR dating of fault rocks indicates reactivation approximately 2000, 1300, 900-1100, 700-800, and 500-600 thousand years ago, showing it is potentially active with seismic hazards.
The impact of coloured filters on the performance of polycrystalline photovo...
Photovoltaic modules behave extraordinarily by transforming part of the visible spectrum into electrical energy, and their efficiencies are affected by the nature of radiation (light) reaching them. When light strikes a photovoltaic cell, this light may go through the cell without been absorbed if it is too energetic or if the light possesses low energy it will be absorbed by the cell and cause the electrons to twist and vibrate in their bonds without dislodging them, hence causing the cell to heat up which ultimately leads to a decrease in its overall efficiency. This study is aimed to investigate how photovoltaics respond to different wavelengths of light. For the study to achieve its aim, colour filters were used to ensure that only a particular wavelength of light reaches the photovoltaic module at a time. In the process of collecting data from the solar panel, the solar panel was placed horizontally flat on a platform one meter above sea level facing the sun. Data was first obtained from the solar panel without the filters and after that with the filters placed one at a time and data collected accordingly. The amount of solar power and solar flux anytime a different colour filter was placed on the solar panel were measured. Among the coloured filter used yellow produced the highest efficiency, while blue produced the least efficiency. However, the solar panel was still more efficient when exposed to the natural spectrum.
F0325041052
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Mapping of Aquifer Contamination Using Geoelectric Methods at a Municipal Sol...
This document summarizes a study that used geoelectric methods to map aquifer contamination from a municipal solid waste disposal site in Warri, Nigeria. Fourteen vertical electrical soundings and two-dimensional resistivity imaging were conducted across the dumpsite area. The results identified four subsurface layers and revealed low resistivity zones beneath the dumpsite, indicating contamination from leachate. Hydrogeochemical analysis confirmed elevated levels of contaminants in groundwater, showing the aquifer is being impacted by the dumpsite. The study demonstrated that geoelectric methods can effectively map dumpsite-induced groundwater contamination.
TWO DIMENSIONAL ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY IMAGING SURVEY FOR LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC....
This document provides an introduction and outline for a study on using two-dimensional electrical resistivity imaging to classify lithology in the subsurface of Ujemen, Nigeria. It discusses how electrical resistivity tomography can produce high-resolution images of subsurface layers. The methodology section describes how resistivity is measured using different electrode configurations based on Ohm's law. Previous related works that used electrical resistivity to investigate geology and groundwater in Nigeria are also summarized.
1-D Electrical Resistivity Survey For Groundwater In Ketu-Adie Owe, Ogun Stat...
This research involved the use of 1-D electrical resistivity survey method for groundwater
investigation in Ketu-Adie Owe, Ogun State. Seven (7) vertical electrical resistivity soundings (VES) using
Schlumberger array were carried out at different locations. The Schlumberger resistivity soundings were
executed with half-spacing in the range of 1.00 – 100.00 metres. The curve types are AAK, AAK, KHAK, AKQ,
KQH, AK. The study shows that viable aquifer is within 17.30 – 52.90 metres square.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability
Ijciet 10 02_097
In order to solve the water scarcity problem in South Malang, East Java,
Indonesia, we have attempted to investigate groundwater by assessing the subsurface
geology and groundwater potential zones. An attempt had been made to identify the
subsurface lithology and aquifer zones by VES (Vertical Electrical Sounding) method
in Pagak, Kepanjen, Kromengan and Gondanglegi district. The study area consists of
major subsurface litho units like sand, silt, clay, tuff, limestone and andesit. In order
to explore the groundwater resources of the study area with an aerial extent of 100
km2, electrical soundings have been conducted by adopting Schlumberger technique
in 12 locations with AB/2 200 m and 5 resistivity profiles were acquired. The field
data were interpreted and processed qualitatively and quantitatively by using
computer software. Considering the geological, geomorphology and hydrogeological
conditions the VES interpretation was done. The study has shown that the region is
underlain by 5 geoelectric layers within the depth penetrated. The groundwater
potential in South Malang reveals four distinct classes (zones) representing ‘Very
good’, ‘good’, ‘moderate’ and ‘poor’ groundwater potential in the area. From the
interpretation result the VES no. 7 (Pagak), and VES no. 9 (Kepanjen) are found to be
prospective for groundwater. It’s also identified that Groundwater occurs under
water table conditions the depth of water table ranges from 5 to 30 m.
Geo-electric Investigation of the Cause of Structural Failure Indices on a Se...
Electrical resistivity imaging has been employed to investigate the causes of structural failure related
cracks on a set of administrative buildings in southwestern Nigeria. The goals were to determine the
distribution of subsurface geologic lithologies beneath the set of buildings and therefrom infer the relative
strengths of such lithologies. Data were collected along four geo-electric traverses using the ABEM1000
Terrameter unit. The dipole-dipole array was utilized with an electrode separation of 5 m. Observed field data
were processed and inverted using a 2.5D finite-element modeling inversion algorithm. Results indicate that the
northeastern half of the site is underlain by unweathered basement rocks overlain by thin (generally < 4 m) soil
cover, while the southwestern region is dominated at depths beyond 4 m by low-resistivity water-saturated clays
and some weathering tills. The clays apparently receive abundant supply of water from a seasonal stream
channel adjacent to the westerly administrative blocks. The block presenting with the most damage has been
built out over the edge of the shallow basement rocks onto these less competent water-saturated clays in the
southeastern region resulting in cantilever-style differential settling. A second damaged block is situated
entirely on low resistivity water-saturated clays. Differential settling on this block is likely related to the
difference in thicknesses of the clays between sites of the north and south facing walls of the structure. Beneath
the northern wall, the clays are thinner and could be expected to compress less than at the southern wall.
Though uncalibrated to core or log data, the results allowed a first insight into possible causes of structural
failure on the buildings and it is hoped that palliative measures will benefit from these results.
Groundwater Investigation Techniques-Geophysical Methods
This document discusses various geophysical investigation techniques used to study groundwater resources, with a focus on electrical resistivity and seismic refraction methods. It provides background on why geophysical methods are important for groundwater exploration, noting that they can quickly investigate large areas and provide multipurpose inferences. The electrical resistivity method is explained in detail, including how it works, electrode configurations like Wenner and Schlumberger, and profiling versus sounding approaches. Seismic refraction techniques are also introduced. In conclusion, a variety of geophysical techniques can provide useful information about groundwater occurrence and quality from surface or above-surface locations.
Similar to Electrical resistivity a geophysical method and its applications in environmental health science (20)
Geo Environmental Investigation of Abuad Dumpsite, Southwestern Nigeria
Geo Environmental Investigation of Abuad Dumpsite, Southwestern Nigeria
Groundwater research and development potential in auchi polytechnic philipa i...
Groundwater research and development potential in auchi polytechnic philipa i...
Journal of Environmental & Earth Sciences | Vol.2, Iss.1 April 2020
Journal of Environmental & Earth Sciences | Vol.2, Iss.1 April 2020
Geoelectrical and Hydrochemical Assessment of Groundwater for Potability in E...
Geoelectrical and Hydrochemical Assessment of Groundwater for Potability in E...
Application of Electrical Resistivity Tomography for Soil Competence Study in...
Application of Electrical Resistivity Tomography for Soil Competence Study in...
Integrated Geophysical and Geotechnical Evaluation of Foundation Failure in P...
Integrated Geophysical and Geotechnical Evaluation of Foundation Failure in P...
ASSESMENT OF FAULT ACTIVITY a mineralogical perspective_Radwan
ASSESMENT OF FAULT ACTIVITY a mineralogical perspective_Radwan
The impact of coloured filters on the performance of polycrystalline photovo...
The impact of coloured filters on the performance of polycrystalline photovo...
Mapping of Aquifer Contamination Using Geoelectric Methods at a Municipal Sol...
Mapping of Aquifer Contamination Using Geoelectric Methods at a Municipal Sol...
TWO DIMENSIONAL ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY IMAGING SURVEY FOR LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC....
TWO DIMENSIONAL ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY IMAGING SURVEY FOR LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC....
1-D Electrical Resistivity Survey For Groundwater In Ketu-Adie Owe, Ogun Stat...
1-D Electrical Resistivity Survey For Groundwater In Ketu-Adie Owe, Ogun Stat...
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)
Geo-electric Investigation of the Cause of Structural Failure Indices on a Se...
Geo-electric Investigation of the Cause of Structural Failure Indices on a Se...
Groundwater Investigation Techniques-Geophysical Methods
Groundwater Investigation Techniques-Geophysical Methods
Recently uploaded
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
All about wildlife, if you are fond of animals and wildlife then do follow us for more content like this
Promoting Multilateral Cooperation for Sustainable Peatland management
Presented by Agus Julianto on GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland Sustainably
Peatlands of Latin America and the Caribbean
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Global Peatlands Map and Hotspot Explanation Atlas
Presented by Alexandra Barthelmes at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Overview of the Global Peatlands Assessment
Presented by Patrick Scheel at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Climate Change All over the World .pptx
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
How about Huawei mobile phone-www.cfye-commerce.shop
How about Huawei mobile phone-www.cfye-commerce.shop
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...Global Landscapes Forum (GLF)
Presented by Sonya Dewi at GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland SustainablyPeatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge EducationGlobal Landscapes Forum (GLF)
Presented by Feri Johana at GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland SustainablyEnhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland management
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland managementGlobal Landscapes Forum (GLF)
Presented by Jan Peters at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and ActionMicrobial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
一比一原版(UMTC毕业证书)明尼苏达大学双城分校毕业证如何办理
原件一模一样【微信：6496090】【(UMTC毕业证书)明尼苏达大学双城分校毕业证成绩单学位证】【微信：6496090】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
◆◆◆◆◆ — — — — — — — — 【留学教育】留学归国服务中心 — — — — — -◆◆◆◆◆
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【微信：6496090】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微信：6496090】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
学历顾问：微信：6496090
在线办理(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
原版制作(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Recently uploaded (20)
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
Promoting Multilateral Cooperation for Sustainable Peatland management
Promoting Multilateral Cooperation for Sustainable Peatland management
Global Peatlands Map and Hotspot Explanation Atlas
Global Peatlands Map and Hotspot Explanation Atlas
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
How about Huawei mobile phone-www.cfye-commerce.shop
How about Huawei mobile phone-www.cfye-commerce.shop
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland management
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland management
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
world-environment-day-2024-240601103559-14f4c0b4.pptx
world-environment-day-2024-240601103559-14f4c0b4.pptx
Electrical resistivity a geophysical method and its applications in environmental health science
- 1. ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY : A GEOPHYSICAL METHOD AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE. By Oluwaseun Emmanuel ODIPE +2348138032921 odipe@yahoo.com Kwara State University, Malete 1
- 2. Presentation outline • Introduction • Principles of Practice • Challenges and Limitations • Applications of Electrical Resistivity in Environmental Health Science • Conclusion and Recommendation 2
- 3. Introduction • Geophysics – “Geo” – “Earth”, and – “Physics” – “the branch of science concerned with the study of properties and interaction of space, time, matter and energy”. Geophysics is the scientific study of the earth utilizing the properties and interaction of these specific properties measuring its characteristics and noticing the variation in those characteristics in space, time and energy. 3
- 4. Introduction • Aim: to discuss the Electrical Resistivity Geophysical method and its applications in Environmental Health Science. The specific objectives includes to: – discuss geophysics and highlight various methods of practice with generic uses; – analyze the electrical resistivity method, its theories, principles, electronic configuration techniques and its major challenges; and – the applications of this principles and techniques in environmental health sciences. 4
- 5. Introduction • Some Benefits of Geophysics – Non-destructive – Efficiency – Comprehensiveness – Cost-effective – Proven 5
- 6. Types of geophysical surveys Surface methods • Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), • Electromagnetics, • Electrical Resistivity, • Seismic, • Metal detection, • Magnetometric, • Gravimetric, and • Surface Spontaneous Potential (SP) Downhole (or borehole) methods • Natural Gamma • Gamma-Gamma (Density) • Neutron-Neutron (Porosity) • Induction • Spontaneous-Potential • Resistivity • Acoustic (Sonic-wave) • Temperature • Fluid Conductivity 6
- 7. Electrical Resistivity Method • Basic principle – Ohms Ω law. • Equipments 7
- 8. Electrical Resistivity Method • Field procedures and Arrays of investigation – Wenner – Schlumberger – Dipole-Dipole – Pole-Dipole e.t.c. 8
- 9. • Results are presented as models – 1-D Geo-electric section – 2-D Pseudosection – Iso-resistivity contour maps 9
- 10. Challenges of Electrical Method • Limited detection to strata and water. • Site specific geology • Cultural interference. • Requires technicalities and geological know- how • Poor electrical contact with the ground. 10
- 11. Application of ER in EHS • Common areas of application include – Water: • Groundwater Investigation • Saline water Intrusion – Contamination mapping • Leachate plume mapping • Non-aqueous phase Liquid – Landfill construction (Site selection) – Engineering investigations • Structural failure 11
- 12. Groundwater Prospecting 12 Figure 1: Geoelectric sections revealing the Groundwater potential in Supare Akoko . Source: Abiola O et. al. (2013)
- 13. Pollution mapping : Leachate migration 13 DUMPSITE V1 V2 V3 V4 Figure 2: 2-D Resistivity pseudosection revealing the leachate migration pattern from Apollo market waste dumpsite, Ile-Ife. Source : Odipe et al.
- 14. Saline Water intrusion mapping 14 Figure 3: Iso-resistivity map showing saline water intrusion into fresh water in Oniru. Source: Adeoti et al. (2010)
- 15. Proposed Landfill Site Investigation 15 Figure 4: Iso-resistivity map and geoelectric section to determine the suitability for landfill construction in Ibadan. Source: Oyediran and Adeyemi (2011)
- 16. Groundwater contamination from sewage pond 16 Figure 5: Iso-resistivity map revealing the migration pattern of leechate from sewage pond at Ile-Ife. Source: Adepelumi et al. (2001)
- 17. Structural failure investigation 17 Figure 6: Iso-resistivity showing variation at depth of 3m and 8m respectively in Enugu. Source: Fatoba et al. (2013)
- 18. • OTHER MAJOR APPLICATIONS IN EHS – Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids plume mapping – Environmental Impact Assessment • FUTURE OF RESISTIVITY – Biogeophysics 18
- 19. Conclusion and Recommendation • ER application in EHS can never over emphasized due to its benefit, convenience and costs. • Hence, basic science laws and principles amd its applications in EHSs’ should be researched 19
- 20. REFERENCES • Abiola O., Ogunribido T. H. T., Omoniyi B. A., Ikuepamitan O. (2013). Geoelectric Assessment of Groundwater Prospects in Supare Estate, Supare Akoko, Southwestern, Nigeria. Geosciences. 3(1): 23-33 .DOI: 10.5923/j.geo.20130301.03 • Adeoti L., Alile O. M. and Uchegbulam O. (2010). Geophysical investigation of saline water intrusion into freshwater aquifers: A case study of Oniru, Lagos State. Scientific Research and Essays Vol. 5 (3), pp. 248-259 • Adepelumi A. A., Ako B. D, Ajayi T. R. (2001). Groundwater contamination in the basement-complex area of Ile-Ife, southwestern Nigeria: A case study using the electrical-resistivity geophysical method. Hydrogeology Journal 9:611–622 DOI 10.1007/s10040-001-0160-x • Fatoba J. O., Salami B. M., and Adesida A. (2013). Structural failure investigation using electrical resistivity method: A case study of Amafor Ihuokpala, Enugu, Southeastern Nigeria. Journal of Geology and Mining Research: Vol. 5(8), pp. 208-215, August, 2013 20
- 21. REFERENCES (contd.) • Marescot L. (2014). Electrical surveying Part I: Resistivity method Lecture A. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology,Zurich • Oyediran I. A., Adeyemi G. O. (2011). Use of Geophysical Methods in Landfill Site Investigation: A Case Study of Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria. New York Science Journal, 2011;4(10) 21