The important vegetable-cum-spice crops of Nepal botanically referred to as genus Capsicum. The native to the Tropical South America and Brazil. Two species such as C. annuum and C. frutescens are commonly cultivated throughout the world. India-largest producer of chilli in the world (Khan and Raj, 2006) Good source of vitamins A, C, E, B1and B2, Potassium, phosphorus and calcium

1. Prepared by:
Santosh Pathak
IAAS, Lamjung Campus

2. Introduction
 The important vegetable-cum-spice crops of Nepal
botanically referred to as genus Capsicum.
 The native to the Tropical South America and Brazil.
 Two species such as C. annuum and C. frutescens are
commonly cultivated throughout the world.
 India-largest producer of chilli in the world (Khan and Raj,
2006)
 Good source of vitamins A, C, E, B1and B2, Potassium,
phosphorus and calcium.
 High amount of antioxidant, capsaicin and capsicum as main
active substances.

3. Nitrogen
 Very much essential for good plant establishment and
expected growth.
 The main constituent of all amino acids in proteins and
lipids that acting as structural compounds of the chloroplast.
 An integral component of nucleotides, chlorophyll,
chromosomes, genes, ribosomes and also a constituent of all
enzymes.
 Nitrogen fertilizer increased fruit weight, yield and fruit
number of chilli peppers (Tumbare et al. 2004).
 Growth and poor color which are due basically to lack of
production of protein - N defficit

4. Azotobacter
 Motile coccal shaped, Gram negative bacterium.
 Highly versatile in utilizing carbon sources.
 Utilize atmospheric nitrogen gas for their cell protein
synthesis.
 Also a phosphate solubilizing bacteria
 Functions :
1. Fixes atmospheric nitrogen in the rhizosphere.
2. The production of indol acetic acid and gibberellins.
3. Produce thiamin, riboflavin, nicotine and improves seed
germination and control plant diseases.
4. Can also biodegrade chlorine-containing aromatic
compounds

5. Methodology
 A study was conducted in vegetable block of IAAS, Lamjung,
during the summer season, 2014 to find out the yield and quality
of chilly by application of nitrogen and azotobacter
 Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three
replication
 3 levels of nitrogenous fertilizer viz. 0, 50, 100 kg/ha N
 Level of azotobacter inoculation viz no inoculation, soil
inoculation and Seedling inoculation.
 27 plots and 20 plants in each experimental plot
 4 rows in each plot, each row containing four plants
 Plot size:4.05 m2 (2.25m ×1.8m).
 Plant spacing : 45cm × 45cm

6.  Total area -163.62 m2 (18.7 m X 8.75 m)
 Spacing between replication blocks in rows=50 cm
 Spacing between treatments=25 cm
 Data were taken on :
1. Days of flowering
2. Plant height
3. Stem diameter
4. Fruit length
5. Fruit weight
6. No of seeds per fruit
7. Physiological weight loss
8. Final fruit yield
9. Dry weight
 NS1701 Variety transplanted

7. Treatments Replication 1 Replication 2 Replication 3
T1 N1A1 N1A1 N1A1
T2 N1A2 N1A2 N1A2
T3 N1A3 N1A3 N1A3
T4 N2A1 N2A1 N2A1
T5 N2A2 N2A2 N2A2
T6 N2A3 N2A3 N2A3
T7 N3A1 N3A1 N3A1
T8 N3A2 N3A2 N3A2
T9 N3A3 N3A3 N3A3

8. Result and Discussion
Effect of Nitrogen and Azotobacter on Flowering
Nitrogen and azotobacter non-significant
Interaction highly significant
Fig . Effect of Nitrogen and azotobacter on flowering

9.  High doses of nitrogen delayed flowering and enhanced
vegetative growth (Naem et. al 2002)
 First flowering and 50% flowering were delayed by 4-6 days
to plants receiving the highest rate of fertilizer (Shrivastava
1996)
 The nitrogen which promotes the vegetative growth and
suppresses the reproductive growth.
 Azotobacter also make available of nitrogen to the plants and
enhance vegetative growth

10. Effect of Nitrogen and Azotobacter on Plant height
Nitrogen significant.
Azotobacter not significant.
Interaction significant
66.22
71.99
67.66
62.16
74
72.29
68.8 67.77
82.22
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
A1N1 A1N2 A1N3 A2N1 A2N2 A2N3 A3N1 A3N2 A3N3
Mean plant Ht. (cm)
Mean plant Ht.
Fig . Effect of Nitrogen and azotobacter on Plant height

11.  The highest plant height = 74.06 cm @100 kg N ha-1
 The lowest plant height = 65.73 cm @ control treatment.
 Significantly increased by increasing different levels of Nitrogen
(Bhuvaneswari et.al., 2013).
 Due to higher availability of N and their uptake
 Azotobacter a phosphate solubilizing bacteria which make
unavailable phosphorus available to plant for proper growth and
development of plant ( Bhattacharyya and Jha, 2012)
 Main constituent of chlorophyll
 Provided required nitrogen for proper growth and development
hence increased plant height.
 Phosphate solublizing property of azatobactor plays important
role in the overall growth and development of chilly plant.

12. Effect of Nitrogen and Azotobacter on Stem diameter
Nitrogen significant.
Azotobacter significant.
Interaction significant
1.05
0.97
1.56
1.38
1.53
1.23 1.25
1.38
2.18
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
A1N1 A1N2 A1N3 A2N1 A2N2 A2N3 A3N1 A3N2 A3N3
Stem Diameter (cm)
Fig . Effect of Nitrogen and azotobacter on Stem Diameter

13.  The largest stem diameter = 1.66cm@ 100 kg ha-1
 The smallest stem diameter = 1.22cm @ conrtol nitrogen.
 Largest diameter =1.60cm @ seedling inoculation with
azotobacter
 Smallest stem diameter = 1.19 cm @ no inoculation
 Increasing N application rate, increased stem thickness on tabasco
pepper (Sundstrom 1984)
 Availability of nitrogen enhances vascular growth of stem
 azotobacter make availability of N2 and Phosphorus which
promotes stem diameter of chilly plant
 Nitrogen and Phosphorus enhance cambium tissue and cell
division

14. Effect of Nitrogen and Azotobacter on Fruit weight
Nitrogen and Azotobacter Highly significant
Interaction significant
Fig . Effect of Nitrogen and azotobacter on Fruit weight

15.  Highest fruit weight: 8.23 gm @100 kg N ha-1
 Least weight: 4.9 gm no N.
 Highest fruit weight: 8.15gm seedlings inoculation
 Increasing nitrogen fertilizers increases the average fruit
weight and volume of pepper[Bar et al. (2001), Magdatena
(2003), Akanbi et al. (2007) and Aujla et al. (2007)].
 Fruit weight heavier in pre-plant than split
application(Wiedenfeld 1986).
 Higher Nitrogen level promotes uptake of N, P & k
 Promotes chlorophyll content and raise photosynthesis

16. Effect of Nitrogen and Azotobacter on fruit length
Nitrogen non-significant.
Azotobacter significant.
Interaction non-significant
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
A1 A2 A3
Fruit Length
(cm)
Fig . Effect of azotobacter on Fruit length

17.  Increased in fruit length with increase in level of nitrogen (Khan
et al., 2014 )
 Improvement in fruit size with increase in N level ( T Lal and
Pundrik)
 It was not accordance with our result because of cattle
consumption, insect-pest , diseases and unfavourable climatic
condition and management.
 Azotobacter somehow promotes fruit length.

18. Effect of Nitrogen and Azotobacter on physiological loss
Nitrogen Highly significant.
Azotobacter significant.
Interaction Highly significant
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
A1N1 A1N2 A1N3 A2N1 A2N2 A2N3 A3N1 A3N2 A3N3
Physiological Loss (%)
Physiological Loss (%)
Fig . Effect of nitrogen and azotobacter on physiological loss

19.  Highest physiological loss : 36.69 % @ 100 kg N ha-1.
 Lowest physiological loss : 18.61% at control
 Highest physiological loss : 33.29 % when seedling was
inoculated
 Lowest physiological loss :23.67% no inoculation
 Physiological loss directly proportional to the succulence of
the plants.
 As nitrogen increase succulency of tissues increases and made
them favourable for loss due to transpiration, guttation and
evapotranspiration.
 High doses of nitrogen also make epidermal layer more
permeable and cause loss.
 Similarly azotobacter also raise N availability and cause same
effect as high doses of nitrogen does

20. Effect of Nitrogen and Azotobacter on number of seeds per fruit
Nitrogen significant.
Azotobacter significant.
Interaction significant
Fig . Effect of nitrogen and azotobacter on number of seeds per fruit

21.  Highest number of seeds per fruit: 110 @ 100 kg N ha-1
 Lowest number of seeds : 81.87 at no application of N
 Highest number of seeds per fruit :104.89 @ seedling inoculation
 Lowest number of seeds per fruit :82.31 @ no inoculation
 Higher nitrogen, maximum number of seeds fruit-1 (Subani , 1990)
 Increase in number of fruit length , to increase seeds fruit-1
 Azotobacter, N available to plant and promotes fruit length,
increase no of seeds fruit-1

22. Effect of nitrogen and azotobacter on Final fruit yield
Nitrogen non- significant.
Azotobacter non-significant.
Interaction significant
353
386
416.67
228
750
488.47
753.5
324
660.67
A1N1 A1N2 A1N3 A2N1 A2N2 A2N3 A3N1 A3N2 A3N3
Fruit Yield
Fruit Yield (gm)
Fig . Effect of nitrogen and azotobacter on final fruit yield

23.  Increase of N, the fruit yield increased up to a certain
level(Hasan,1978).
 Pandey, Singh et al and Kumar (2013), increase in yield with
higher N.
 Higher amount of nitrogen for promotion of better carbohydrates
utilization to form more protoplasm and cell.
 The chilly field inoculated with azotobacter , more yields.
 Because of nitrogen fixation, phosphate solublizing property,
phytohormone production, anti fungal property and systemic
resistance,
 The fruit and flower drop problem and disease problem minimized
thus yield more .

24. Effect of Nitrogen and Azotobacter on dry weight (%)
Nitrogen highly significant.
Azotobacter highly significant.
Interaction non-significant
0
5
10
15
20
N1 N2 N3
dry wt (%)
dry wt (%)
Fig . Effect of nitrogen on dry wt

25. 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
A1 A2 A3
dry wt
dry wt
Fig . Effect of azotobactor on dry wt

26.  The dry chilli yield increased significantly with increasing N
(Das et. al.1992).
 Nitrogen raise fruit yield thus raise dry weight
 Similarly seedling inoculation increased fruit yield
 Nitrogen favours dry matter accumulation
 Azotobacter also promotes dry matter accumulation through
availability of P & N