Oilseeds crop is one of the most important cash crops grown in Nepal. Oilseeds are the crops grown for oil extraction from their seeds.
They are a very important component of semi- tropical and tropical agriculture, providing easily available and highly nutritious human and animal food.
This Presentation is about Lentil (Lens culinaris), also known as Massur, Masoor, Masura. This Presentation includes Introduction, Biological Classification, Morphology of Lentil Plant, Floral Biology, Origin, Cytology, Breeding Objectives, Breeding Procedures, Diseases and Insects damage the Lentil Crop,
This Presentation is about Lentil (Lens culinaris), also known as Massur, Masoor, Masura. This Presentation includes Introduction, Biological Classification, Morphology of Lentil Plant, Floral Biology, Origin, Cytology, Breeding Objectives, Breeding Procedures, Diseases and Insects damage the Lentil Crop,
This presentation is done by 2010/2011 batch of Export Agriculture students of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Rice & Field Crop Production”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition.
1. COURSE TITLE :- FIELD CROPS - II ( KHARIEF ) COURSE NO. :- AGR 302 CREDIT LOAD :- 2+1 PRESENTED BY :- ( NITHYA)
2. TOPIC :- MUSTARD & RAPESEED Botanical Name : Brassica spp. Family : Brassicaceae ( Cruciferae )
3. INTRODUCTION Rapeseed & mustard are the 3rd most important edible oilseed crops of the world after soybean and oil palm. Mustard is Brassica juncea, whereas Rapeseed is Brassica campestris. This crop accounts for nearly one-third of the oil produced in India, making it the country’s key edible oilseed crop. Seeds are known by different names in different places ; Sarson , Toria or Lahi are generally termed as Rapeseeds while Rai or Raya or Laha is termed as Mustard. Oil content varies from 37 to 49%.
4. USES 1. Its oil & seeds are used in: ~ the preparation of pickles and for flavoring curries and vegetables. ~ human consumption ,. ~ preparation of hair oil and ,medicines ,soaps. ~ in mixture with mineral oils for lubrication. ~ Rapeseed oil is used in the manufacture of greases. 2. The oil cake is used as a cattle feed, its green stems and leaves are good source of green fodder for cattle. 3. The leaves of young plants are used as green vegetables. 4. In tanning industry, mustard oil is used for softening leather.
5. RAPESEED OIL MUSTARD OIL CANOLA OIL
6. ORIGIN& HISTORY The place of origin is not definitely known. It’s cultivation has been traced to 2000-1500 B.C in India, China and Japan. According to Prain (1898), Bailey (1922) and others: Rai (B.juncea) originated in China and from there it was introduced in India. According to Vavilov (1926)the place of origin of Rapeseed (B. campestris) is eastern Afghanistan and adjoining parts of India & Pakistan. Singh(1958) considered the B. campestris var. yellow sarson to the oldest of the various rapes & Mustard grown in India.
7. AREA AND DISTRIBUTION Rapeseed and mustard are grown in 53 countries of the world. WORLD :- Area - 35.44 Million ha ( 2017-18 ) Production - 40.60 Million metric tons ( 2017-18 ) Productivity - 2.09 Metric tons per ha ( 2017-18 ) Major growing countries :- : India, Canada, China, Pakistan, Poland, Bangladesh & . Sweden , etc. INDIA :- Area - 5.70 Million ha ( 2017-18 ) Production - 6.50 Million metric tons ( 2017-18 ) Productivity - 1 metric tons per ha ( 2017- 18 ) Major growing states of India :- U.P, Rajasthan, M.P, Haryana, Punjab, Assam, Bihar, . . Gujarat & West Bengal. U.P alone produces about 20 % of total rapeseed & mustard production in India. Total oilseed in J&K ( 2014-15 ) Area (000) Ha – 65.95 Production (000 Qtls ) – 583.8 yield ( Qt /ha ) – 8.85
8. Classification ( SINGH ,1958 ) B. campestris var. yellow sarson. B. campestris var. brown sarson B. campestris var. yellow toria B. campestris var. black toria. B. Juncea B. juncea var. rugose B. nigra SPECIES
9. BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION • Family : Cruciferae • Genus : Brassica • Plant is self-pollinated but cross pollination also takes place to some extent.
This presentation is done by 2010/2011 batch of Export Agriculture students of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Rice & Field Crop Production”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition.
1. COURSE TITLE :- FIELD CROPS - II ( KHARIEF ) COURSE NO. :- AGR 302 CREDIT LOAD :- 2+1 PRESENTED BY :- ( NITHYA)
2. TOPIC :- MUSTARD & RAPESEED Botanical Name : Brassica spp. Family : Brassicaceae ( Cruciferae )
3. INTRODUCTION Rapeseed & mustard are the 3rd most important edible oilseed crops of the world after soybean and oil palm. Mustard is Brassica juncea, whereas Rapeseed is Brassica campestris. This crop accounts for nearly one-third of the oil produced in India, making it the country’s key edible oilseed crop. Seeds are known by different names in different places ; Sarson , Toria or Lahi are generally termed as Rapeseeds while Rai or Raya or Laha is termed as Mustard. Oil content varies from 37 to 49%.
4. USES 1. Its oil & seeds are used in: ~ the preparation of pickles and for flavoring curries and vegetables. ~ human consumption ,. ~ preparation of hair oil and ,medicines ,soaps. ~ in mixture with mineral oils for lubrication. ~ Rapeseed oil is used in the manufacture of greases. 2. The oil cake is used as a cattle feed, its green stems and leaves are good source of green fodder for cattle. 3. The leaves of young plants are used as green vegetables. 4. In tanning industry, mustard oil is used for softening leather.
5. RAPESEED OIL MUSTARD OIL CANOLA OIL
6. ORIGIN& HISTORY The place of origin is not definitely known. It’s cultivation has been traced to 2000-1500 B.C in India, China and Japan. According to Prain (1898), Bailey (1922) and others: Rai (B.juncea) originated in China and from there it was introduced in India. According to Vavilov (1926)the place of origin of Rapeseed (B. campestris) is eastern Afghanistan and adjoining parts of India & Pakistan. Singh(1958) considered the B. campestris var. yellow sarson to the oldest of the various rapes & Mustard grown in India.
7. AREA AND DISTRIBUTION Rapeseed and mustard are grown in 53 countries of the world. WORLD :- Area - 35.44 Million ha ( 2017-18 ) Production - 40.60 Million metric tons ( 2017-18 ) Productivity - 2.09 Metric tons per ha ( 2017-18 ) Major growing countries :- : India, Canada, China, Pakistan, Poland, Bangladesh & . Sweden , etc. INDIA :- Area - 5.70 Million ha ( 2017-18 ) Production - 6.50 Million metric tons ( 2017-18 ) Productivity - 1 metric tons per ha ( 2017- 18 ) Major growing states of India :- U.P, Rajasthan, M.P, Haryana, Punjab, Assam, Bihar, . . Gujarat & West Bengal. U.P alone produces about 20 % of total rapeseed & mustard production in India. Total oilseed in J&K ( 2014-15 ) Area (000) Ha – 65.95 Production (000 Qtls ) – 583.8 yield ( Qt /ha ) – 8.85
8. Classification ( SINGH ,1958 ) B. campestris var. yellow sarson. B. campestris var. brown sarson B. campestris var. yellow toria B. campestris var. black toria. B. Juncea B. juncea var. rugose B. nigra SPECIES
9. BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION • Family : Cruciferae • Genus : Brassica • Plant is self-pollinated but cross pollination also takes place to some extent.
Pulses R & D in India by Dr. S K Datta, Deputy Director General, Indian Council of Agricultural Research. Presentation at The Pulses Conclave 2014 by India Pulse & Grains Association, IPGA
GPB 311: Maize- Centre of origin, distribution of species, wild relatives and major breeding objectives and procedures for development of varieties and hybrids for improvement yield, adoptability, stability, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and quality of Maize
India is bestowed with wide range of edible #oilcrops namely, Groundnut, Soybean, Rapeseed-Mustard, Sunflower, Safflower, Sesamum, Niger, Linseed, Taramira among the field crops and Coconut and Oil Palm among plantation crops. On the top of it Rice-bran and Cotton seed oils contribute largely in overall edible oil production in the Country’s. All these oil-crops are grown in about 27 million hectares annually, which can surpass the total requirements and pave way to #export the surplus.
SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus) (2n=34)
It is an important oil seed crop. Oil content ranges from 46-52 per cent and is of high quality having non-cholesteral properties.
Origin: America
Distribution: USSR, Romania, Canada, USA In India this crop is introduced in 1969 from USSR. In India it is cultivated in Tamil Nadu Karnataka, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana
Progenitors: Helianthus petiolaris
H. gigants
Wild species: H hirsutus
H rigidus
The genus Helianthus comprises of 67 species. Two species H .annuus and H. tuberosus are cultivated as food plants genus has basic chromosome number of 17 and diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid species are found.
Evaluation of Seed and Oil Yield with Some Yield Components of Safflower Vari...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Oilseeds production of Turkey is not available to meet domestic requirements. Turkey has been facing a recurring shortage of vegetable oils for many years. Presently, about 50% of vegetable oil being consumed in Turkey has to be imported. Turkey has a suitable climate for producing of many oilseeds. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a multipurpose crop. Traditionally, the crop was grown for its seeds, and flower petals were used for coloring and flavoring foods. For the last fifty years, the plant has been cultivated mainly for the vegetable oil extracted from its seeds. Thus, there is an urgent need to take immediate actions for increasing oilseed production through growing underutilized and minor oilseeds like safflower. Increased safflower production will reduce the import of oilseeds and help meet our domestic oil requirement. This research was conducted to determine the seed and oil yield with some yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) varieties in Kahramanmaras (Turkey) conditions using a randomized complete block design with four replications in 2015. In the study, Dincer, Balcı, Remzibey, Rio, Nebraska 10, Oleicleed, Quiriego 88, San Jose 89, Sina and Gila cultivars were used as the plant material. These ten safflower varieties were evaluated for plant height, branch number and head number per plant, 1000-seed weight, hull ratio, seed oil content, seed and oil yield. The results showed that plant height, branch number per plant, head number per plant, 1000-seed weight, hull ratio and seed oil content for ten safflower cultivars ranged between 40.15-46.80 cm, 4.58-6.65, 8.23-14.20, 34.85-45.99 g, 36.12-45.51 % and 29.53-35.31 %, respectively. The highest seed yield (992.3 kg ha-1) and the lowest seed yield (826.8 kg ha-1) were obtained from the varieties Balcı and Sina, respectively. Balcı variety had the highest seed yield and gave the highest oil yield.
Capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.) commonly known as bhede khursani or sweet pepper or Shimla mirch belongs to solanaceae family.
It is native to Mexico with secondary centre of origin at Guatemala and Bulgaria (Safford, 1926).
It is a high value crop and its fruits are highly nutritious.
Hundred gram of edible portion of capsicum provides 24 k cal of energy, 1.3 g of protein 4.3 g of carbohydrate and 0.3 g of fat (Anon. 2001)
A presentation on cultivated cotton species in worldSantosh pathak
Cotton, the king of fibers, usually referred as white gold is soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a ball, or protective capsule, around the seed of cotton plants of the genus Gossypium.
The plant is shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including the Americas, Africa ,and India.
Engineering methods to control soil erosionSantosh pathak
Engineering methods deal with the physical structures that stops or try to prevent the happening of soil erosion.
Bioengineering is different terms than the civil engineering. Bioengineering uses the plants or trees to prevent the soil erosion whereas civil engineering deals about the construction of dams, walls,terrace etc.
Refers to an animal in which there has been a deliberate modification of the genome - the material responsible for inherited characteristics - in contrast to spontaneous mutation.
Foreign DNA is introduced into the animal, using recombinant DNA technology,
Effect of Azotobactor inoculation with Nitrogen levels on Yield and Quality o...Santosh pathak
The important vegetable-cum-spice crops of Nepal botanically referred to as genus Capsicum.
The native to the Tropical South America and Brazil.
Two species such as C. annuum and C. frutescens are commonly cultivated throughout the world.
India-largest producer of chilli in the world (Khan and Raj, 2006)
Good source of vitamins A, C, E, B1and B2, Potassium, phosphorus and calcium
According to Hardy (England,1908) and Weinberg (Germany,1909), gene and genotype frequency of a Mendelian population remain constant generation after generation unless there is selection,mutation,migration or random drift.
Gene interactions occur when two or more different genes influence the outcome of a single trait
Epistasis is a phenomenon in which the expression of one gene depends on the presence of one or more modifier genes.
A gene whose phenotype is expressed is called epistatic.
Presentation on diseases of cotton plants Santosh pathak
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective capsule, around the seeds of cotton plants of the genus Gossypium.
Cotton is the king of fibres, usually referred as white gold .
Current estimates for world production are about 25 million tones annually, accounting for 2.5% of the worldˋs arable land. China is the worldˋs largest producer of cotton, but most of this is used domestically
Mushrooms are well known human diet from ancient which have both beneficial and harmful effects .
Some of the mushrooms are known for their nutritional and therapeutical uses whereas some other are known for their toxicity.
Different substances belonging to mushroom poisons are already identified and are related to different signs and symptoms.
Show carcinogenicity, alterations in respirations and cardiac rates, renal failure, rhabdomyolysis (breaking of muscle cells) and other effects are toxicity symptoms of various species including edible and therapeutic ones
SALT is a diversified farming system which can be considered agroforestry since rows of permanent shrubs like coffee, cacao, citrus and other fruit trees are dispersed throughout the farm plot.
The strips not occupied by permanent crops, however, are planted alternately to cereals (corn, upland rice, sorghum, etc.) or other crops (sweet potato, melon, pineapple, castor bean, etc.) and legumes (soybean, mung bean, peanut, etc.).
Maize occupies second position after rice in Nepal.It is a main staple food crop of more than 55% of the people of Nepal.It can be used as cattle feed and fodder also. Depending upon the altitude it is grown during winter, summer and rainy season.Although the major area is under rainy season crop and the productivity is higher in winter season crop. More than 80% of the maize is grown in hills (70% in mid hill and 10% in high hill) and about 20% in terai and inner terai region of Nepal.
Erosion refers to detachment and transport of soil and soil materials by water, wind, ice or gravity.
No soil phenomenon is more destructive worldwide than the erosion caused by wind and water. Erosion damages the site on which it occurs and also has undesirable effects off-site in the larger environment.
Bio engineering methods and their control for soil erosionSantosh pathak
integrated technology that uses sound engineering practices in conjuction with ecological principles to: design & construct vegetative living system to prevent erosion,
stabilize shallow areas of soil instability, protect and enhance healthy system. uses live plant materials and flexible engineering techniques to eliminate environmental problems.
EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE OF COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata L) VARIETIES IN AGRON...Santosh pathak
it is the first experiment conducted by our team in agronomic crops. the site was lamjung campus, lamjung Nepal. It was done to know the performance of different varites of cowpea
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
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Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
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Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
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Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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1. AN ASSIGNMENT ON CROP
IMPROVEMENT IN OILSEEDS
PRESENTED BY:
Aliza shrestha (9)
Santosh Pathak (18)
Santosh K.C . (27)
Prativa Dhakal (36)
Nabin Subedi (45)
2. Introduction:
Oilseeds crop is one of the most important cash
crops grown in Nepal. Oilseeds are the crops
grown for oil extraction from their seeds.
They are a very important component of semi-
tropical and tropical agriculture, providing easily
available and highly nutritious human and animal
food.
Cash crops shares about 6.87% to agricultural
GDP whereas it shares 1.5% to agricultural GDP.
. Oilseeds crops is grown in 180,000 ha of land
with a production of 134,000mt (APSD, 2008).
3. Oilseeds include Rapeseed, mustard seed, sunflower
seed, groundnut seed, safflower seed, castor oil seeds
etc.
Importance of oilseeds:
Social economic importance:
Main source of vegetable oil used for cooking purpose:
rapeseed, mustard, soybean, sunflower.
Source of energy supply: 1 kg oil gives 39.8 MJ energy
whereas cereals and pulses supply 16.7 and 23.88 MJ,
respectively.
Medicinal use: safflower tea known to prevent
cardiovascular diseases and gynaecological disorders
and daily consumption reduces blood pressure.
4. • Nutritional importance:
Rich source of oil contains about 20-60%.
Oil contain linoleic acid, linolenic acids,V it. A, E,provitamin etc
Linoleic and linolenic acids lowers the fat and cholesterol contents
of blood and hence the oils containing such acid groups are
important for prevention of coronary sclerosis.
• Soil fertility maintenance and biological N fixation:
Rhizobium , Bradyrhizobium
Crops Scientific name N fixed (kg
N/ha/yr)
Groundnut Arachis hypogaea 72-124
Soybean Glycine max 60-168
5. Area, production and yield of oilseeds in
Nepal:
• Table 1: Area, production and yields of oilseeds in Nepal over
1984/85 - 2008/09
Years Area(ha) Production(mt) Yield(kg/ha)
1984/85 1,27,820 84,030 657
1990/91 1,56,310 92,140 589
1995/96 1,85,000 1,15,990 627
2000/01 1,88,455 1,32,331 702
2004/05 1,87,823 1,41,989 756
2007/08 1,80,328 1,34,246 745
2008/09 1,81,361 1,35,494 747
6. Crops improvement in oilseeds crops:
Breeding for improved oilseeds has traditionally emphasized
improvement in yield, oil content and disease resistance.
The soybean varieties Provar and Protana were released in 1969
because they contain higher percentage of protein than other
varieties.
Safflower germplasm has been screened and a source of improved
lysine has been identified.
Emphasis in sunflower programs will be on developing higher yielding
lines and on exploiting the possibility of developing hybrids.
Sunflower research personnel is so limited that there is not likely to
be any major effort on quality factors for some time, sesame research
is very limited major emphasis being on control of shattering.
7. • In context of Brassica spp., it has been suggested
that yield in this crop equals the product of
number of siliqua/m2, number of seeds/siliqua and
seed weight.
• Analysis of yield and yield traits has been used to
propose the following ideotype by Bhargava and
coworkers in 1984 for an optimum production
environment.
1. Height of 1-1.25 m.
2 Only 5-6 primary branches at an angle of 40-450.
3 The main stem should bear only 40 siliquae, the
lower 3 branches only 15 siliqua each and the
upper two branches only 20 siliqua each.
4 There should be only 7-10 smaller and thicker
leaves, with a higher photosynthetic rate, low dark
respiration rate and high nitrate reductase activity.
5. Each siliqua should have 20 seeds and each seed
should weigh 5mg.
6. Root system should be deep
8. Origin and cytogenetics :
Crops Origin
Brassica campestris
Eastern Afghanistan and
adjoining parts of India and
Pakistan
Brassica juncea China
Arachis hypogaea South America
Sesamum indicum Central Africa
Helianthus annuus South west U.S to Mexico area
Linum usitatissimum
South west Asia(India,
Afghanistan and Turkey)
Carthamus tinctorius Arabia
9. Species Chromosome no.
Common
name
Genome
Brassica nigra 16 Black sarson BB
Brassica campestris 20 Rape AA
Brassica juncea 36 Rai, mustard AABB
Brassica carinata 34
Abyssnian
cabbage
BBCC
Brassica oleracea 18 Cabbage CC
Brassica napus 38 Rape AACC
10. Breeding objectives:
• High oil yield and stability of oil yield.
• Adaptation of the species to the environment
• Cold / frost tolerance
• Resistance to disease and pests
• Good quality oil
• Earlier maturity
Varieties:
• Brassica campestris var Toria: Pragati, Lumle tori 1, Bikas, T9
• Brassica juncea: Krishna , Pusa bold
• Sesamum indicum: Nawalpur khairo til 1, Nawalpur jhuse til 1
• Arachis hypogaea: Jayanti, Jyoti, Janak and B4
12. Present research status and future research strategies:
• National Oilseed Research Programme (NORP), Nawalpur , Sarlahi:
The sole responsible organization in Nepal for research and
development.
• Established in April14, 1976 as National Oilseeds Development
Program and after the inception of Nepal Agricultural Research
council in 1990 it was renamed as National Oilseed Research
program(NORP).
13. Achievement:
Genetic improvement:
• Evaluation of basic germplasm,
• Selection of lines with yield and productive stability,
• Pest resistance and stress tolerance,
• Earliness, shattering resistance .
• Robust growth and product qualities.
• Released of varieties: rapeseed and mustard:7, sesamum:2,
groundnut:6
14. Plant protection:
• Development of diseases and insects resistance varieties,
• Survey and surveillance of pest or disease and development of
appropriate pest control measures.
Cultural practices:
• Development of package of practice for different agro-ecological
conditions.
Oilseeds in cropping system:
• Suitability of different genotypes for different cropping system
Plant nutrient requirement:
• Dose and type of fertilizer
• Compost, bio-fertilizer, time of their application etc
15. Seed production:
• Production of nucleus/breeder seed, foundation and certified seeds.
• Maintain genetic purity and seed quality.
Mechanization and post harvest technology:
• Improve post harvest handling,
• Efficient tillage methods,
• Herbicides
• Use of farm equipments.
16. Future research strategies:
• Breeding varieties resistant to major biotic constraints such as
diseases, insects pest and nematodes.
• Improving yield levels by developing input -responsive
improved plant types.
• Evolving early maturing varieties suitable for different
cropping pattern
• Germplasm collection and evaluation.
• Identification of efficient strains of rhizobium for leguminous
oilseeds and Azospirillium to others
• Development of integrated pest management systems.
• Development of better agronomic practices for major oilseeds
and production systems and post harvest technologies and
initiation of systematic research on minor oilseeds crops
17. Conclusion:
• As we know oilseeds are important for daily cooking
purposes and many other purposes. We can't ignore
the importance of oilseeds in our daily life.
• To fulfill the demand of people, there should be the a
lots of research activities in the field of oilseeds.
• Scientist should be involved in different types of
research activities for increasing the yield per unit area.
They should have the objectives of making the oilseeds
as more proteinous , fat and free from disease and
pest.
• In context of Nepal, there is an organization named
Nepal oilseeds research program.
• It is the only organization carrying out research
activities which was established in 1976. Government
should force in the genetic improvement of this crop.