Egg quality characteristics and phenotypic correlations among egg quality tra...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Strains found among Tswana chicken population include the naked neck, dwarf, frizzled, rumpless and normal-feathered (normal). Internal and external egg quality characteristics and phenotypic correlations among egg quality traits in different strains of Tswana chickens under intensive management have never been evaluated. The study was conducted to determine the internal and external egg quality characteristics of the naked neck, normal and dwarf strains of Tswana chicken. A total of 200, 185 and 175 eggs were collected from the naked neck, normal and dwarf strains, respectively, for external and internal egg quality analysis. No significant differences in albumin height, albumen pH and yolk pH were found between the strains. The naked neck strain however produced eggs with the highest egg weight, albumen weight, albumen content, egg volume and egg surface area and the lowest yolk content. The dwarf strain had the lowest egg weight, albumin weight, egg volume, and egg surface area and the highest egg shell thickness.All the three strains of Tswana chicken produced eggs of acceptable quality. The naked neck strain however had the best egg quality characteristics, followed by the normal strain and lastly the dwarf strain. Of the three strains, the naked neck strain had the strongest correlation coefficients among external and internal egg quality characteristics and between external and internal egg quality characteristics. Egg weight was positively and highly correlated with other egg quality traits such as egg length, egg width, egg volume, egg surface area, albumen weight and yolk weight in the three strains of Tswana chicken. Selection for higher egg weight is likely to lead to the greatest improvements in other egg quality characteristics (both internal and external) in the naked neck than in the normal and dwarf strains.
Effects of Ovaprim Hormone on Induced Breeding of Clarias gariepinusBRNSS Publication Hub
This study was conducted to determine the artificial breeding with application of optimum dosage of stimulatory Ovaprim hormones. Female treated with T1 (0.3), T2 (0.4), T3 (0.5), and T4(control) ml/kg/body weight. The result showed that stimulated with T3 (0.5) obtained better eggs quantity (25006) followed by T2 (0.4) (17,200), while the lowest quantity (8233) was in T1 (0.3), but T4(control) was failed. The spawning hours, fertilization and hatchability, was significantly affected by three doses (P ˂ 0.05). The hatchability hours was not significantly affected by hormone doses (P ˃ 0.05). The survival rate was significantly affected by hormone doses (P ˂ 0.05). The highest survival rates (53.67%) observed in T3 (0.5) followed by T2 (0.4) (42%) while the lowest (32.67%) in T1 (0.3).
Effects of Different Catfish Pituitary Gland Extract Dosages on Eggs and Hatc...Sebastian Mosha
Abstract
An experiment w as conducted to assess the effects of different dosages of catfish pituitary glands extract (CPGE)
on eggs and hatchlings quantity of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus at a constant latency period. In this experiment,
four dosages (2 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg of female) were used. Each dosage extracted from a male
(300 g to 305 g) was injected to individual female (350 g to 355 g) at three replications and a total of 12 females were
injected. The females were striped after 17 hour at 26°C to 28°C, eggs were counted and incubated. After for 24
hours of incubation at 26°C to 28°C, all hatchlings were counted and recorded. The results indicated that there were
significant differences (P<0.05) among the dosages on eggs and hatchlings quantity. Egg weight, egg number and
percentage egg weight w ere significantly (P<0.05) higher in dosage three (4 mg/kg) compared to other treatments.
Total hatchlings and percentage hatchlings produced from striped females were significantly (P<0.05) higher
compared to other dosages. In conclusion, the experiment indicated that higher eggs and hatchlings quantity at a
constant latency period are attained w ith 4 mg/kg of female. Therefore, it is recommended that for better induction of
ovulation in African catfish, 4 mg/kg of female pituitary gland extract should be used as suggested by this study.
Comparative Study of Feeding Different Levels of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa)...BRNSS Publication Hub
The present work was aimed to determine the comparative effect of feeding different levels of black cumin
on growth, feed consumption, and feed efficiency of COBB-500 broiler. Three hundred and twenty, daysold straight run COBB-500 chicks from a lot of the same hatch were brooded in an electrically operated
battery brooder for a period of 7 days, where pre-experimental diet was offered. On the 8th day, chicks
having uniform body weight were randomly allocated into four dietary treatments with four replications
(20 chicks in each). The isoproteinous and isocaloric formulated standard starter (1–10 days), grower
(11–20 days), and finisher (21–42 days) diets were supplemented with different levels of black cumin of
T1 – control, T2 – 0.25% black cumin, T3 – 0.5% black cumin, and T4 – 0.75% black cumin, respectively.
The chicks were offered ad libitum treatment diets and clean drinking water. The desired data were
recorded weekly, which included live weight, weight gain, feed consumption, and feed efficiency of
broiler birds. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis under completely randomized design
as per the methods of MSTAT. Final live weight of the birds was found highly significant (P < 0.01) for
all treatment groups. Highest final weight gain (2244.59 g) was found in birds fed ration supplemented
with 0.5% black cumin. Daily live weight of the birds was also found highly significant (P < 0.01) for all
treatment groups. Highest daily live weight gain (60.27 g) was found in birds fed ration supplemented
with 0.5% black cumin. Supplementation of black cumin in the broiler rations did not exhibit any
significant effect (P > 0.05) on the total feed consumption. Feed conversion ratio was found significantly
different (P < 0.01) for all treatment groups. It is, therefore, concluded that inclusion of black cumin in
the broiler rations could be economical and efficient production of broilers
Egg quality characteristics and phenotypic correlations among egg quality tra...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Strains found among Tswana chicken population include the naked neck, dwarf, frizzled, rumpless and normal-feathered (normal). Internal and external egg quality characteristics and phenotypic correlations among egg quality traits in different strains of Tswana chickens under intensive management have never been evaluated. The study was conducted to determine the internal and external egg quality characteristics of the naked neck, normal and dwarf strains of Tswana chicken. A total of 200, 185 and 175 eggs were collected from the naked neck, normal and dwarf strains, respectively, for external and internal egg quality analysis. No significant differences in albumin height, albumen pH and yolk pH were found between the strains. The naked neck strain however produced eggs with the highest egg weight, albumen weight, albumen content, egg volume and egg surface area and the lowest yolk content. The dwarf strain had the lowest egg weight, albumin weight, egg volume, and egg surface area and the highest egg shell thickness.All the three strains of Tswana chicken produced eggs of acceptable quality. The naked neck strain however had the best egg quality characteristics, followed by the normal strain and lastly the dwarf strain. Of the three strains, the naked neck strain had the strongest correlation coefficients among external and internal egg quality characteristics and between external and internal egg quality characteristics. Egg weight was positively and highly correlated with other egg quality traits such as egg length, egg width, egg volume, egg surface area, albumen weight and yolk weight in the three strains of Tswana chicken. Selection for higher egg weight is likely to lead to the greatest improvements in other egg quality characteristics (both internal and external) in the naked neck than in the normal and dwarf strains.
Effects of Ovaprim Hormone on Induced Breeding of Clarias gariepinusBRNSS Publication Hub
This study was conducted to determine the artificial breeding with application of optimum dosage of stimulatory Ovaprim hormones. Female treated with T1 (0.3), T2 (0.4), T3 (0.5), and T4(control) ml/kg/body weight. The result showed that stimulated with T3 (0.5) obtained better eggs quantity (25006) followed by T2 (0.4) (17,200), while the lowest quantity (8233) was in T1 (0.3), but T4(control) was failed. The spawning hours, fertilization and hatchability, was significantly affected by three doses (P ˂ 0.05). The hatchability hours was not significantly affected by hormone doses (P ˃ 0.05). The survival rate was significantly affected by hormone doses (P ˂ 0.05). The highest survival rates (53.67%) observed in T3 (0.5) followed by T2 (0.4) (42%) while the lowest (32.67%) in T1 (0.3).
Effects of Different Catfish Pituitary Gland Extract Dosages on Eggs and Hatc...Sebastian Mosha
Abstract
An experiment w as conducted to assess the effects of different dosages of catfish pituitary glands extract (CPGE)
on eggs and hatchlings quantity of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus at a constant latency period. In this experiment,
four dosages (2 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg of female) were used. Each dosage extracted from a male
(300 g to 305 g) was injected to individual female (350 g to 355 g) at three replications and a total of 12 females were
injected. The females were striped after 17 hour at 26°C to 28°C, eggs were counted and incubated. After for 24
hours of incubation at 26°C to 28°C, all hatchlings were counted and recorded. The results indicated that there were
significant differences (P<0.05) among the dosages on eggs and hatchlings quantity. Egg weight, egg number and
percentage egg weight w ere significantly (P<0.05) higher in dosage three (4 mg/kg) compared to other treatments.
Total hatchlings and percentage hatchlings produced from striped females were significantly (P<0.05) higher
compared to other dosages. In conclusion, the experiment indicated that higher eggs and hatchlings quantity at a
constant latency period are attained w ith 4 mg/kg of female. Therefore, it is recommended that for better induction of
ovulation in African catfish, 4 mg/kg of female pituitary gland extract should be used as suggested by this study.
Comparative Study of Feeding Different Levels of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa)...BRNSS Publication Hub
The present work was aimed to determine the comparative effect of feeding different levels of black cumin
on growth, feed consumption, and feed efficiency of COBB-500 broiler. Three hundred and twenty, daysold straight run COBB-500 chicks from a lot of the same hatch were brooded in an electrically operated
battery brooder for a period of 7 days, where pre-experimental diet was offered. On the 8th day, chicks
having uniform body weight were randomly allocated into four dietary treatments with four replications
(20 chicks in each). The isoproteinous and isocaloric formulated standard starter (1–10 days), grower
(11–20 days), and finisher (21–42 days) diets were supplemented with different levels of black cumin of
T1 – control, T2 – 0.25% black cumin, T3 – 0.5% black cumin, and T4 – 0.75% black cumin, respectively.
The chicks were offered ad libitum treatment diets and clean drinking water. The desired data were
recorded weekly, which included live weight, weight gain, feed consumption, and feed efficiency of
broiler birds. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis under completely randomized design
as per the methods of MSTAT. Final live weight of the birds was found highly significant (P < 0.01) for
all treatment groups. Highest final weight gain (2244.59 g) was found in birds fed ration supplemented
with 0.5% black cumin. Daily live weight of the birds was also found highly significant (P < 0.01) for all
treatment groups. Highest daily live weight gain (60.27 g) was found in birds fed ration supplemented
with 0.5% black cumin. Supplementation of black cumin in the broiler rations did not exhibit any
significant effect (P > 0.05) on the total feed consumption. Feed conversion ratio was found significantly
different (P < 0.01) for all treatment groups. It is, therefore, concluded that inclusion of black cumin in
the broiler rations could be economical and efficient production of broilers
Performance, Egg Qualities, and Blood Parameters of Layers Fed Diets Containi...BRNSS Publication Hub
A 10-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the performance, egg qualities, and hematology of layers fed diets containing sun-dried sweet orange peel meal (SOPM). A total of 140 Isa brown point of lay birds, aged 20 weeks were used for the experiment. SOPM was incorporated to replace 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% maize. The birds were randomly assigned to the diets in a Completely Randomized Design; each diet group had 28 birds and 4 replicates with each replicate having 7 birds. Observed results showed that SOPM did not significantly (NS) (p>0.05) affect final weight and egg number. However, weight change, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, mortality, cost of 1 kg feed, and cost of feed consumed were significantly different (P < 0.05) among treatments. Egg weight and egg length were significantly (P < 0.05) different, which ranged from 56.18 to 58.73 g and 3.74–4.17 cm, respectively. Shell thickness and egg width were NS (P > 0.05) influenced, and ranged from 0.80 to 0.84 and 2.63–2.71 cm, respectively. Internal egg parameters, i.e., yolk width, yolk height, albumin weight, albumin length, and yolk index were significantly (P < 0.05) affected. Hematological profile (packed cell volume, hemoglobin, white blood cell, red blood cell, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), MCH concentration, lymphocyte, and neutrophil) of birds showed significant differences (P < 0.05). The study revealed that SOPM did not have an adverse effect on the performance of layers even at 40% replacement of maize while in lay. Its inclusion decreased the cost of feed linearly, did not compromise external and internal qualities of eggs or the health of the birds.
Based on the results presented herein, a significant association was evident between regulating mating time and lambs’ sexing.
The time of mating during estrus has been recognized to influence the sex ratio of offspring.
Middle mating at 15 hours could achieve more females (84.48%) while late mating at 30 hours could attain more males (85.92%).
In addition, sexing offers clear opportunity to increase efficiency of production through modifying reproductive performance.
Effect of regulating mating system on sexing of Rahmani lambing Faisal A. Alshamiry
Estrus can be divided into phases; the follicular phase 3-4 days, & the luteal phase that lasts about 14-15 days which characterized by the maturation of corpus luteum and high levels of progesterone.
Estrus: The length of estrous cycle in ewes are varied from 14-19 days.
The duration of estrus time ranges between 18 & 72 h with an average of 36 h.
The ovulation is event at 21.9 - 38.9 h with a mean 29.8 h from the onset of estrus.
Induced ovulation and spawning of a striped snakehead murrel, Channa striatus...researchanimalsciences
Induced breeding of the striped snakehead Murrel, Channa striatus (Bloch, 1793) was attempted during October to December 2009 (North-east monsoon). The breeding attempt was made using natural hormone Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG). Two trials using fibre tanks of different capacity in triplicates were made to observe the effects of different doses of HCG on induced spawning of C. striatus. The fishes which received a dosage of 6000 IU/kg body weight gave satisfactory results. The ovulation was recorded after 19-29 h of the injection. The fertilization rate was observed as 40-80%. Hatching occurred within 22-36 hours after fertilization at water temperature of 27-29°C. The percentage of hatching rate varied from 55-80%. The overall breeding performance of C. striatus was found to be satisfactory for upscaling of murrel seed production in stakeholders farms.
Article Citation:
Bilal Ahmad Paray, Haniffa MA and Manikandaraja D.
Induced ovulation and spawning of a striped snakehead murrel,
Channa striatus (Bloch) under captive conditions.
Journal of Research in Animal Sciences (2012) 1(1): 033-039.
Full Text:
http://janimalsciences.com/documents/AS0010.pdf
Biochemical feature and hematological profile of nukeri goat during different...aqeelraza16
Blood biochemical parameters are important indicators of metabolic activity in animal physiological status. The present study was conducted to check the effect of various biochemical features concentration and their response at different days of lactation. The result collected showed blood glucose, total protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, triglycerides, alanine transaminase aspartate transaminase showed a significant difference in both groups, but the concentration of creatinine showed a non-significant difference among the treated groups.
This research is carried out in order to improve the production of eggs in indigenous chicken by reducing the
inter-sequence stopped days through use of anti-prolactin agent (Bromocriptine) and serum from laying hen.
Sixty-four indigenous (deshi) chickens of 20-22 weeks of age, were randomly assigned into four groups (i, j, k
and l) and each group consisting of 16 hens. Control was designated as Group I and Bromocriptine orally at a
dose of 641μg/bird/day was used to treat group j, group k was treated with serum of laying kadhaknath hen
serum at a dose of 1 ml intramuscularly/bird/day and group l was treated with both Kadhaknath serum and
Bromocriptine at doses given to group j and k for the period of 15 March, 2019 to 16 June, 2019 and egg
production, stopped days, prolactin level, hematological parameter and egg qualities were observed. A
significant increase (p<0.05) in Egg production was noticed in all treated groups in comparison to the groups
which were in non- treated control and group k showed the highest production. All treatment groups depicted a
significant decrease (p<0.05) in stopped days and prolactin levels and lowest were observed in hens of group l.
In hematological values between the chicken group, no significant differences were noticed. The present study
reveals that combined treatment with Bromocriptine and serum from laying kadhaknath hen increases egg
production without affecting the health of indigenous chickens.
Effects of Cinnamon Powder on Egg Quality: A New Approach using Layer BirdsAI Publications
Attention towards natural growth promoters in poultry has been on the increase in different parts of the world. However, most studies focus on broiler birds and quail. This study analyzed how cinnamon powder supplemented in the diet of Lohmann Brown layer birds can improve egg quality. This study consisted of 5 treatments of 30 birds per treatment, comprising fifteen replicates of 2 birds per replicates. The treatments included: T1: Control without Cinnamon; T2: 4 litres of water + 0.1g of cinnamon; T3: 4 litres of water + 0.2g of cinnamon; T4: 4 litres of water + 0.3g of cinnamon; T5: 4 litres of water + 0.4g of cinnamon. Parameters measured were egg weight, egg mass, egg breadth, egg length, albumen height, albumen weight, yolk height, yolk length, yolk colour, yolk weight, shell weight, and shell thickness. The results revealed an increase in the albumen weight, yolk weight, albumen height, and yolk height as the inclusion levels of cinnamon powder increase. In addition, the egg weight was highest in treatment 5. Taken together, cinnamon powder addition in the diet of Lohmann Brown layer birds has a positive outcome on egg quality.
Performance, Egg Qualities, and Blood Parameters of Layers Fed Diets Containi...BRNSS Publication Hub
A 10-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the performance, egg qualities, and hematology of layers fed diets containing sun-dried sweet orange peel meal (SOPM). A total of 140 Isa brown point of lay birds, aged 20 weeks were used for the experiment. SOPM was incorporated to replace 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% maize. The birds were randomly assigned to the diets in a Completely Randomized Design; each diet group had 28 birds and 4 replicates with each replicate having 7 birds. Observed results showed that SOPM did not significantly (NS) (p>0.05) affect final weight and egg number. However, weight change, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, mortality, cost of 1 kg feed, and cost of feed consumed were significantly different (P < 0.05) among treatments. Egg weight and egg length were significantly (P < 0.05) different, which ranged from 56.18 to 58.73 g and 3.74–4.17 cm, respectively. Shell thickness and egg width were NS (P > 0.05) influenced, and ranged from 0.80 to 0.84 and 2.63–2.71 cm, respectively. Internal egg parameters, i.e., yolk width, yolk height, albumin weight, albumin length, and yolk index were significantly (P < 0.05) affected. Hematological profile (packed cell volume, hemoglobin, white blood cell, red blood cell, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), MCH concentration, lymphocyte, and neutrophil) of birds showed significant differences (P < 0.05). The study revealed that SOPM did not have an adverse effect on the performance of layers even at 40% replacement of maize while in lay. Its inclusion decreased the cost of feed linearly, did not compromise external and internal qualities of eggs or the health of the birds.
Based on the results presented herein, a significant association was evident between regulating mating time and lambs’ sexing.
The time of mating during estrus has been recognized to influence the sex ratio of offspring.
Middle mating at 15 hours could achieve more females (84.48%) while late mating at 30 hours could attain more males (85.92%).
In addition, sexing offers clear opportunity to increase efficiency of production through modifying reproductive performance.
Effect of regulating mating system on sexing of Rahmani lambing Faisal A. Alshamiry
Estrus can be divided into phases; the follicular phase 3-4 days, & the luteal phase that lasts about 14-15 days which characterized by the maturation of corpus luteum and high levels of progesterone.
Estrus: The length of estrous cycle in ewes are varied from 14-19 days.
The duration of estrus time ranges between 18 & 72 h with an average of 36 h.
The ovulation is event at 21.9 - 38.9 h with a mean 29.8 h from the onset of estrus.
Induced ovulation and spawning of a striped snakehead murrel, Channa striatus...researchanimalsciences
Induced breeding of the striped snakehead Murrel, Channa striatus (Bloch, 1793) was attempted during October to December 2009 (North-east monsoon). The breeding attempt was made using natural hormone Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG). Two trials using fibre tanks of different capacity in triplicates were made to observe the effects of different doses of HCG on induced spawning of C. striatus. The fishes which received a dosage of 6000 IU/kg body weight gave satisfactory results. The ovulation was recorded after 19-29 h of the injection. The fertilization rate was observed as 40-80%. Hatching occurred within 22-36 hours after fertilization at water temperature of 27-29°C. The percentage of hatching rate varied from 55-80%. The overall breeding performance of C. striatus was found to be satisfactory for upscaling of murrel seed production in stakeholders farms.
Article Citation:
Bilal Ahmad Paray, Haniffa MA and Manikandaraja D.
Induced ovulation and spawning of a striped snakehead murrel,
Channa striatus (Bloch) under captive conditions.
Journal of Research in Animal Sciences (2012) 1(1): 033-039.
Full Text:
http://janimalsciences.com/documents/AS0010.pdf
Biochemical feature and hematological profile of nukeri goat during different...aqeelraza16
Blood biochemical parameters are important indicators of metabolic activity in animal physiological status. The present study was conducted to check the effect of various biochemical features concentration and their response at different days of lactation. The result collected showed blood glucose, total protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, triglycerides, alanine transaminase aspartate transaminase showed a significant difference in both groups, but the concentration of creatinine showed a non-significant difference among the treated groups.
This research is carried out in order to improve the production of eggs in indigenous chicken by reducing the
inter-sequence stopped days through use of anti-prolactin agent (Bromocriptine) and serum from laying hen.
Sixty-four indigenous (deshi) chickens of 20-22 weeks of age, were randomly assigned into four groups (i, j, k
and l) and each group consisting of 16 hens. Control was designated as Group I and Bromocriptine orally at a
dose of 641μg/bird/day was used to treat group j, group k was treated with serum of laying kadhaknath hen
serum at a dose of 1 ml intramuscularly/bird/day and group l was treated with both Kadhaknath serum and
Bromocriptine at doses given to group j and k for the period of 15 March, 2019 to 16 June, 2019 and egg
production, stopped days, prolactin level, hematological parameter and egg qualities were observed. A
significant increase (p<0.05) in Egg production was noticed in all treated groups in comparison to the groups
which were in non- treated control and group k showed the highest production. All treatment groups depicted a
significant decrease (p<0.05) in stopped days and prolactin levels and lowest were observed in hens of group l.
In hematological values between the chicken group, no significant differences were noticed. The present study
reveals that combined treatment with Bromocriptine and serum from laying kadhaknath hen increases egg
production without affecting the health of indigenous chickens.
Effects of Cinnamon Powder on Egg Quality: A New Approach using Layer BirdsAI Publications
Attention towards natural growth promoters in poultry has been on the increase in different parts of the world. However, most studies focus on broiler birds and quail. This study analyzed how cinnamon powder supplemented in the diet of Lohmann Brown layer birds can improve egg quality. This study consisted of 5 treatments of 30 birds per treatment, comprising fifteen replicates of 2 birds per replicates. The treatments included: T1: Control without Cinnamon; T2: 4 litres of water + 0.1g of cinnamon; T3: 4 litres of water + 0.2g of cinnamon; T4: 4 litres of water + 0.3g of cinnamon; T5: 4 litres of water + 0.4g of cinnamon. Parameters measured were egg weight, egg mass, egg breadth, egg length, albumen height, albumen weight, yolk height, yolk length, yolk colour, yolk weight, shell weight, and shell thickness. The results revealed an increase in the albumen weight, yolk weight, albumen height, and yolk height as the inclusion levels of cinnamon powder increase. In addition, the egg weight was highest in treatment 5. Taken together, cinnamon powder addition in the diet of Lohmann Brown layer birds has a positive outcome on egg quality.
IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of applied chemistry and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Chemical Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A study was carried out to evaluate the nutritive value and enzyme supplementation of different sources of energy in broiler diets on the growth performance and heamatological parameters of broiler chickens supplemented with Mazigrain® enzyme within the treated groups. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets less (23.17 % CP; 2831 Kcal/ME and 21.73 % CP; 2929 Kcal/ME) for the broiler starter (0 - a month) and finisher phases (5–8 months) respectively were formulated. Diet 1(maize based diet) served in as the control while diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 were supplemented with sorghum, pearl millet, cassava and sweet potatoes based diets separately. A sum of 225 day-old NAPRI X broiler chicks were haphazardly distributed to the five treatments. Every treatment comprised of 45 broilers with three repeats of fifteen birds each in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The general linear model protocol of S.A.S. 9.0. was used to analyze the collected data. Among the dietary groups significant changes (P<0.05) was found utilizing a Tukey test. Enzyme along with various energy sources have noteworthy (P<0.05) changes on every one of the parameters (final weight, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, water intake, water to feed ratio and feed cost per kilogram weight gain) except for death rate at the starter phase. Broilers that had sorghum based diet had the best performance at starter stage (final weight; 627 g, weight gain; 576.85 g, feed cost/kg gain; ^ 187.95 k). At the finisher stage, sorghum supplemented with enzyme had the best feed conversion ratio (1.96) and feed cost/kg gain; ^ 171.15 k. The optimal performance characteristics were recorded for sorghum based diets. Feed cost / kg gain was the cheapest on birds fed sorghum based diet with enzyme supplementation which was comparable with those fed the maize based diet. However, the use of enzyme enhanced the performance of birds at both the starter and finisher phases.
A study was carried out to evaluate the nutritive value and enzyme
supplementation of different sources of energy in broiler diets on the growth
performance and heamatological parameters of broiler chickens supplemented with
Mazigrain® enzyme within the treated groups. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets
less (23.17 % CP; 2831 Kcal/ME and 21.73 % CP; 2929 Kcal/ME) for the broiler starter
(0 - a month) and finisher phases (5–8 months) respectively were formulated. Diet 1
(maize based diet) served in as the control while diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 were
supplemented with sorghum, pearl millet, cassava and sweet potatoes based diets
separately. A sum of 225 day-old NAPRI X broiler chicks were haphazardly distributed
to the five treatments. Every treatment comprised of 45 broilers with three repeats of
fifteen birds each in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The general linear model
protocol of S.A.S. 9.0. was used to analyze the collected data. Among the dietary
groups significant changes (P<0.05) was found utilizing a Tukey test. Enzyme along
with various energy sources have noteworthy (P<0.05) changes on every one of the
parameters (final weight, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, water intake, water
to feed ratio and feed cost per kilogram weight gain) except for death rate at the
starter phase. Broilers that had sorghum based diet had the best performance at
starter stage (final weight; 627 g, weight gain; 576.85 g, feed cost/kg gain; ^ 187.95 k).
At the finisher stage, sorghum supplemented with enzyme had the best feed
conversion ratio (1.96) and feed cost/kg gain; ^ 171.15 k. The optimal performance
characteristics were recorded for sorghum based diets. Feed cost / kg gain was the
cheapest on birds fed sorghum based diet with enzyme supplementation which was
comparable with those fed the maize based diet. However, the use of enzyme
enhanced the performance of birds at both the starter and finisher phases.
Evaluation of some reproduction performances of the exotic Hyplus rabbit (Ory...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of the study was to evaluate the reproductive performance and estimate the genetic parameters, in a real environment, of the rabbit of the exotic Hyplus breed. The study will allow appreciating the parameters that could be the object of genetic improvement in view of a selection to produce a more efficient rabbit. The work took place at the SAP Mé d’Adzopé farm from January 2013 to June 2015. One hundred and twenty breeding does were followed for five successive generations of five parities each, with an interval of 11 days between the parturition and the next mating with weaning at 30 days. These females produced 5283 total born rabbits with 5164 born alive and 4732 weaned. The genetic parameters including heritability, genetic, phenotypic and non-genetic correlations (environmental effects) did analyzed using the Derivative Free Restricted Maximum Likelihood program. The results obtained showed that the receptivity and fertility rates did significantly influenced by the order of parity and the season of kindling. The pre-weaning mortality rate was 8.37%. Females had the best prolificacies’ between the second and fourth parity, with an average of 9.9, 10.19 and 9.79 kits respectively. The heritability values of young rabbits total born alive, born alive, weaned and old rabbits were 0.22; 0.20; 0.16 and 0.12 respectively. These results showed that selection is possible for these studied traits.
Visceral organ of colored broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus) fed with commer...Innspub Net
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Effect of Age of Spawned Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus) Broodstock on Quantity of Eggs and Milt Produced and Growth Performance of Fry
1. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS)
e-ISSN: 2319-2380, p-ISSN: 2319-2372. Volume 5, Issue 3 (Sep. - Oct. 2013), PP 59-61
www.iosrjournals.org
Effect of Age of Spawned Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus)
Broodstock on Quantity of Eggs and Milt Produced and Growth
Performance of Fry
Jokthan G. E
National Open University of Nigeria,
Abstract: A study was conducted to determine the effect of age of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) broodstock on
quantity of eggs and milt produced and subsequent growth of fry. Six ponds were used to stocked with different
ages of male and female broodstock which varied from 12 to 30 months. A completely randomized design (CRD)
was used. A total of thirty six male and female broodstock each were used. There were four replicates per
treatment. Spawning was induced by the use of ovaprim® injection. The eggs were fertilized with milt collected
from the male broodstock. The quantities of eggs and milt produced, eggs hatched and raised to fry stage were
monitored. A proximate analysis of the feed indicated that Artemia contained 55.27% crud protein and 27. 12%
Nitrogen Free Extract, while Dizengoff had 57.06 crude protein and 12.61% Nitrogen Free Extract. The
content of crude fibre was 4.01 and 0.90% for Artemia and Dizengoff repectively. Result showed that age of
female catfish broodstock positively affected the number of eggs produced with 24 and 30 months old
broodstock producing 260 and 300g of eggs respectively, while 15 and 18 months old had 150 and 160g of eggs
respectively. Hatchability also increased with age of broodstock. The older the female, the higher the egg
hatchability. Fry obtained from 24 and 30 months old broodstock had a significantly (p<0.05) higher weight
(18g and 24g) at four weeks of age compared to fry obtained from 15 and 18 months old female broodstock
which weighed 8.33g and 10.00g respectively. In order to obtain good egg number, high hatchability and
optimum performance of the fry it is recommended that broodstock should be at least 24 months of age before
being used for breeding.
Keywords: Clarias gariepinus, Age of broodstock, performance.
I.
Introduction:
Fish farming is a fast emerging enterprise with lots of potentials in a developing country like Nigeria.
Apart from empowering the people in terms of employment, it is also a source of good quality animal protein in
the diet (Jokthan, 2010). Fish meat is lean, low in cholesterol and is also regarded as a safe source of animal
protein particularly since the last incidence of bird flu in the Nigerian poultry industry (Bolorunduro et al.
2001). The aquaculture sector is environmentally friendly with relatively low incidence of disease outbreak.
Omole et al. (2006), reported that fish meat is non zoonotic.
In order to meet its full potential, the fish production enterprise calls for distinct attention in the area of
hatchery operations. The quality of broodstock affects to a very large extent the quality of fingerlings sold to
farmers and the subsequent performance of the fingerings at the farmer’s level. Operations of the hatchery if
well understood and exploited would serve as the bedrock of this important enterprise. It is therefore, necessary
to intensify research on the best age at which female catfish produce the optimum quantity and quality of eggs
that will result in good hatchability and subsequent performance of fry with a view to increasing production
efficiency and profitability for farmers. This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of age of female and male
broodstock on quantity of eggs and milt produced, hatchability and growth rate of catfish fry
II.
Materials and Method
This study was conducted at Rido village, a satellite town in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Different ages of
male and female broodstock were kept separately in plastic PVC tanks. A total of thirty six male and female
broodstock each were used. The broodstock were acclimatized for a period of two weeks before the
commencement of the study The broodstock were kept separately to avoid violence. A gutter with a dimension
of 200x50x30cm, was used for the incubation of the eggs. It was fitted with an overflow that had a screen which
prevented the larvae from escaping.
All the fish were fumigated with formalin (75ppm) for three hours, to prevent pathogens from being
transmitted to the eggs and larvae. The females were restrained, held with a towel placed on a heir back. A
thumb was used to press the abdomen moving towards the tail. The appearance of greenish eggs indicated that
the female was ready for inducement. After 24 hours, the selected females were injected with ovaprin at the rate
of 0.5ml/ 1kg of live weight. The females were retained in the container for about 12hours at a room
www.iosrjournals.org
59 | Page
2. Effect Of Age Of Spawned Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus) Broodstock On Quantity Of Eggs And Milt
temperature of about 300 C. Eggs were then expressed from the abdomen into a clean bowl by gently pressing
the abdomen until blood appeared signifying an empty abdomen. The quantity of eggs obtained from each
female was weighed using a digital scale
Males were dissected using a pair of scissors to the internal organs. The intestines were pulled aside to
reveal two yellow pinkish testes lobes which were collected and wrapped in tissue to dry for about 30-60
seconds. Any (no avoiding) form of contact with water was avoided. With a small incision, the lobes were
squeezed with the fingers and the milt collected. The milt was then evenly distributed on the eggs in the bowl.
Some clean water was added to mix the egg and milt by gently swirling the content of the bowl; the fertilized
eggs were then poured in a single layer into the incubation gutter. The incubation was carried out at a flow
through rate of 2l/minute; and temperature was within the range of 30 oC to 33oC .
Artemia was fed to the fry 4 times daily during the first 2 weeks of life. They were thereafter,
introduced to Dizengoff starter feed for the next 2 weeks. Weight of fry (Average mean weight) were taken
weekly by means of a digital scale.
Data Collection and Statistical Analysis
Age of the male and female broodstock as well as their respective weights were recorded taken.
Correlation was carried out between weight of broodstock and the quantity of milt and weight of eggs produced.
Growth of the fry was monitored for 4 weeks. Data collected was analyzed using SAS (2006).
III.
Results and Discussion
The proximate composition of the diets presented in Table 1 showed that the percentage crude protein in
Artemia was slightly lower than that of Dizengoff starter feed fed for 1-14 days. This might be because at this
stage the fry required a higher level of crude protein to sustain rapid development and growth. Practical Guide to
Nutrition, Feeds and Feeding of catfish delete report of (2011) indicated that it is essential to provide a complete
diet for catfish because they can synthesize only a small portion of the required nutrients since the quantity of
nutrients from natural food organisms in the pond is relatively small. Dietary protein requirement for various
stages of catfish (Fry– table size) ranges from about 25-50 percent. Catfish fry in hatcheries are fed finely ground
meal- or flour-type feeds containing 45-50 percent protein. The result indicated that the crude protein content of
the starter feed was within recommended level. The crude fibre (CF) of the larva – fry stage of Artemia was higher
than the recommended level of 2.5 – 2.7. Omole et al. (2006), had indicated that fry can accommodate higher
amounts (7%) of crude fibre in their diet.
The age of the female broodstock catfish affected the weight of the broodstock, the quantity of eggs
produced, as well as the growth performance of the fry is indicated in Table 2. The age of the male broodstock
catfish also significantly affected the weight of the males and the quantity of milt produced Table 3.
Table 1: Proximate Analysis (%) of Artemia and Dizengoff Feeds
Feed Type
Artemia
Dizengoff
starter
Dry Matter
90.06
91.61
Crude protein
55.25
57.06
Crude fibre
4.31
0.90
EE
8.09
8.11
Ash
5.23
12.61
NFE
27.12
21.32
NB: NFE - Nitrogen Free Extract, EE - Ether Extract
Table 2: Effect of age of female Catfish broodstock on quantity of eggs produced
Age (Months)
15
18
20
22
24
30
SEM
Weight (Kg)
1.5
1.6
2.3
2.5
2.6
3.0
2.10
Egg weight (g)
150b
160b
230b
250ab
260a
300a
24.05
Means bearing different a,b superscript within a column are significantly different (p<0.05)
Table 3: Effect of age of male Catfish broodstock on quantity of milt produced
Age (Months)
16
18
20
24
30
32
SEM
Weight (Kg)
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.8
3,0
3.2
2.18
www.iosrjournals.org
Milt weight (g)
200b
220b
240b
280a
300a
320a
2.70
60 | Page
3. Effect Of Age Of Spawned Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus) Broodstock On Quantity Of Eggs And Milt
Means bearing different a,b superscript within a column are significantly different (p<0.05)
For the female, the older the broodstock, the higher the quantity of eggs produced. Growth of fry obtained
from younger and older broodstock was significantly different (p<0.05) being higher in the older broodstock. This
is consistent with the report of catfish brookstock Management (2010) which indicated that although catfish may
mature at 2 years, they must be at least 3 years old and weigh at least 1.4kg for reliable spawning. Fish, 4 to 6
years old, weighing between 1.8 and 3.6kg are considered prime spawners. The report however, indicated that
older fish produce fewer eggs per body weight. The female brood fish with the highest weight and age had higher
fertilization with almost 80% survival rate when compared to the youngest (15 months) female brood fish.
Although there was steady increase in weight gain over a period of four (4) weeks, as shown in Table
4, the growth rate was faster for fry obtained from older female broodstock (22, 24 and 30 months) signifying
that growth (0-4Wks) performance of catfish fry was better from eggs of older females. Okoye (1994), also
reported similar result and attributed such differences in growth to differences in age and maturation of the
broodstock. In this study, the broodstock were fed the same diet all through so the difference in growth rate of
the fry could mainly be accounted for by differences in the ages of the broodstock
Table 4: Growth (g) Performance of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Fry (0-4wks)
Age of female (Months)
15
18
20
22
24
30
SEM
Week 1
2.00c
3.00c
4.42b
4.57b
5.00a
5.50a
0.84
Week 2
3.67c
4.67c
6.33b
7.00b
8.80b
11.00a
1.10
Week 3
5.33c
6.33c
9.00bc
8.00bc
13.07a
17.00a
1.82
Week 4
8.33c
10.00bc
12.00bc
15.83b
18.00b
24.00a
2.7
Means bearing abc superscript within a column are significantly different (P<0.05)
IV.
Conclusion and Recommendation
It is concluded from this study that age of female and male catfish affects the quantity of eggs and milt
produced. It is recommended that hatchery operators use older broodstock (24 -30 months) in order to obtain
larger quantity of eggs or milt, good hatchability and growth of their fry
References
[1]. A Practical Guide to Nutrition, Feeds and Feeding of catfish (2011). Bulletin 1113. 2 nd ed .
http://msucares.com/aquaculture/catfish/feed.html. webmaster@ext.msstste.edu
[2]. Bolorunduru P.1., Aribido S.O., Bawa G. S., Amos T. T. and Jegede O.C. (2001). Food Security and Poverty Alleviation Application
of Livestock cum fish Culture Models in Transforming Rural Agriculture. Proceeding of the 26 th Annual Conference of Nigeria
Society for Animal Production Pg. 189-191
[3]. Channel Catfish Broodfish Management SRAC Fact Sheet No 1802 (2010). http://msucares.com/aquaculture/catfish/production.html .
webmaster@ext.msstate.edu
[4]. Jokthan, G. E. (2010). Integrating Aquaculture with Horticulture. Entrepreneurial Skill Acquisition Training Workshop: Fish Farming,
Processing and Marketing. Held at the Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research 23rd -26th Feb. 2010
[5]. Okoye, F.C. (1994). Status of fish farming in Nigeria. Report of National Aquaculture Diagnostic Survey. 1994
[6]. Omole, A.J., Fapohunda, J.B., Bankole M., Owosibo, A. and Omidiran V.A., (2006). Practical Catfish Nutrition and Growth Guide.
Green Choice Agric Publication.
[7]. SAS. (2006). Institute inc. SAS/STAT user’s guide. 6.03 Edition, Gray NC, USA.
www.iosrjournals.org
61 | Page