The document discusses the role of computers in education, specifically computer-assisted instruction (CAI). It describes how computers can act as tutors, relieving teachers of some responsibilities. While computers provide learning tools, teachers must ensure students have needed skills, set objectives, plan activities, and evaluate outcomes. Students receive instruction from computers but must understand and apply knowledge. Computers deliver instruction, reinforce learning through practice, and provide feedback. CAI works best reinforcing basic skills through repetition. The document provides suggestions for integrating drill and practice programs and tutorial software into lessons. It also describes simulation programs, instructional games, problem solving software, and multimedia resources that can supplement learning.

2. - the computer is one of the wonders of
human ingenuity, even in its original
design in the 1950’s to carry out
complicated mathematical and logical
operations. With the invention of the
microcomputer(now also commonly
referred to PCs or personal computers),
the PC has become the tool for
programmed instruction

3. -The computer can be a tutor in
effect relieving the teacher of many
activities in his personal role as
classroom tutor.

4. Even with the available computer and CAI
software, the teacher must:
 Insure that students have the needed
knowledge and skills for any computer
activity.
 Decide the appropriate learning objectives.
 Plan the sequential and structured activities
to achieve objectives.

5.  Evaluate the students’ achievement by
ways of tests the specific expected
outcomes.
The students in CAI play their own
roles as learners as they:
 Receive information.
 Understand instructions for the
computer activity.
 Retain/keep in mind the information
and rules for the computer activity.

6.  Apply the knowledge and rules during
the process of computer learning.
During the computer activity proper
in CAI the computer, too, plays its
roles as it:
 Acts a sort of tutor (the role traditional
played by the teacher).
 Provides a learning environment.

7.  Delivers learning instruction.
 Reinforces learning through drill-and-
practice.
 Provides feedback.
Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI)
Works best in reinforcing learning
through repetitive exercises such that
students can practice basic skills or
knowledge in various subject areas.

8. The questions arises: When and how can
teachers integrate drill and practice
programs with their lessons? The
following suggestions can be made:
 use drill and practice programs for basic
skills and knowledge that require rapid or
automatic response by students
 ensure that drill and practice activities
conform to the lesson plan/curriculum

9.  Limit drill and practice to 20-30 minutes to
avoid problem.
 Use drill and practice to assist students
with particular weakness in basic skills .

10. Integrating computer programs in instruction, use tutorial
software associated with cognitive learning. While practice
exercise or learning-by-doing is still the heart of each tutorial,
the tutorial software should:
 Teach new content/new information on to
students (inasmuch as CAI provides practice on
old already learned content).
 Provide comprehensive information on
concepts in addition to practice exercise.

11. Can be effectively use for
remediation, reviewing, or enrichment.
 Allow the teacher to introduce follow-
up questions to stimulate students
learning.
 Permits group activity for cooperative
learning.

12. Simulation Programs
 Teachers strategies and rules applied
to real-life problems/situations.
 Asks students to make decision on
models or scenarios.
 Allows students to manipulate
elements of a model and get the
experience of the effects of their
decisions.

13. Instructional Games
- While relating to low-level learning
objectives, instructional computer games
add the elements of competition and
challenge.
Problem Solving Software
- This are more sophisticated than the
drill and practice exercise and allow
students to learn and improve on their
problem solving ability.

14. Multimedia, Encyclopedia and
Electronic Books.
The multimedia encyclopaedia
can store a huge database with
text, images, audio and video.

15.  Electronic books provide textual
information for reading, supplemented
by others type of multimedia
information(sounds, spoken, words,
pictures animation).