The document discusses key concepts in ecology including: 1. Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their physical environment. 2. Organisms are organized into different levels including organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, and the biosphere. 3. Key ecological principles include the range of tolerance, habitat and niche, competitive exclusion, carrying capacity, population growth, and biological succession.

2. Interactions

3. Interactions

4. Vegetation protects the soil from washing away with the rains. Interactions

5. Patterns & abundance

6. Pure stands of creosote Patterns & abundance

11. Levels of organization in the living world: large scale to small scale

12. Biosphere Ecosystem Community Population Organism The sum total of living things on Earth and the areas they inhabit A functional system consisting of a community, its nonliving environment, and the interactions between them A set of populations of different species living together in a particular area A group of individuals of the same species that live in a particular area at the same time An individual living thing

14. Levels of Organization 2. Population A group of individuals of the same species that live in a particular area at the same time

19. Range of Tolerance Where?? Where?? Where?? Where?? Where??

26. Habitat & Niche http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/image/c/cagi7-wpnurse-tree14456.htm

27. Ecology I: Species, Populations, Communities and Ecosystems

29. Competitive exclusion principle http://www.reptilesofaz.com/herp-lizards.html http://www.reptilesofaz.com/herp-lizards.html

30. Competitive exclusion principle OR . . . . http://www.reptilesofaz.com/herp-lizards.html http://www.reptilesofaz.com/herp-lizards.html

31. Competitive exclusion principle http://www.reptilesofaz.com/herp-lizards.html http://www.reptilesofaz.com/herp-lizards.html

32. Share some of the same habitat and niche – organisms & populations can coexist http://www.reptilesofaz.com/herp-lizards.html http://www.reptilesofaz.com/herp-lizards.html

34. Carrying Capacity http://www.biologycorner.com/bio2/notes_chap16.html

45. Biological succession

50. Mutualism Which Type? Both gain

51. Competition Which Type? Both the bobcat and coyote lose

52. Parasitism Which Type? The parasite gains, the host loses

53. Predation Which Type? Predator gains, Prey loses

54. Commensalism Which Type? Snake gains home, rodent unaffected (hole abandoned long ago)

55. Mutualism Which Type? Both gain

56. Competition Which Type? Both lose available soil moisture

63. PHOTOSYNTHESIS Photo + Synthesis (Light) (to make) To make carbohydrates using CO 2 & H 2 O and light .

64. http://grapevine.net.au/~grunwald/une/KLAs/science/photosynthesis.html

74. 1. Flow of energy producers decomposers consumers heat Light

75. 2. Matter cycling Biosphere Heat Carbon Nitrogen Sulfer Phosphorous Oxygen Water Insert thermodynamics slides here Sun

76. Matter cycling in ecosystems Also called . . . . .? ? ? ? ?

78. (Hydrologic)

80. Hydrologic Cycle Powered By: Solar Energy Gravity &

82. Hail Hail Hail Hail Hail Hail Hail Hail Hail Hail Hail Hail fog fog fog fog fog fog fog fog fog fog fog fog

83. Precipitation - Any form of water that falls from the atmosphere. Hail Hail Hail Hail Hail Hail fog fog fog fog fog fog

87. Distribution of Earth’s water http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/earthwherewater.html

88. http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/earthwherewater.html

90. Petersen, J. “Seminar on Water”. Sells, AZ. 9/14/04 Reservoir Volume (cubic km x 1,000,000) Percent of Total Oceans 1370 97.25 Ice Caps and Glaciers 29 2.05 Groundwater 9.5 0.68 Lakes 0.125 0.01 Soil Moisture 0.065 0.005 Atmosphere 0.013 0.001 Streams and Rivers 0.0017 0.0001 Biosphere 0.0006 0.00004

92. Atmospheric moisture http://www.atmo.arizona.edu/gifs/VAPORC.GIF http://www.atmo.arizona.edu/products/wximagery/globalwv.html global moisture movie

93. Glacier http://www.jimwegryn.com/Photos/Photos.htm

94. water storage in ice & snow during ice age http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/earthglacier.html

95. Current water storage in ice & snow Reproduced from National Geographic WORLD (February 1977, no. 18, p. 6) with permission http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/earthglacier.html