This document discusses eccentric fixation (EF), a condition where an eye fails to fixate with the fovea and instead fixates at another retinal point. It describes several theories for the cause of EF, including suppression, anomalous correspondence, motor, and sensory motor theories. It outlines methods for investigating EF, such as ophthalmoscopy and visuscopy. Treatment options discussed include occlusion therapy and pleoptic treatment to encourage foveal fixation, though EF is often difficult to fully correct once established. The document also discusses microtropia, a small-angle strabismus associated with EF and amblyopia.

1. Eccentric Fixation A failure of an eye in monocular vision to take up fixation with the fovea, but with some other point. This hardly occurs except in clinical conditions as the patient is generally not fixing with that eye anyway. It is only shown when the better eye is covered (Exception = microtropia with identity)

14. Visuscope

41. Investigation and Diagnosis