different techniques of retinoscopy by which we can find amplitude of accomodation,and correct amount of hyperopia. we can also determine lead and lag of accomodation.

1. PRESENTED BY:
AYESHA KAZMI
ASAD IQBAL
IQRA NEHAL
MOHAMMAD IBRAHIM

2. TYPES OF RETINOSCOPY:
• Static retinoscopy:
The patient is looking at a distance object , with relaxed
accommodation.
• Dynamic retinoscopy:
The patient is looking at near object ,with active accommodation.
• Near retinoscopy:
The patient is looking at near object ,with relaxed
accommodation.

3. TYPES OF DYNAMIC
RETINOSCOPY:

4. MEM RETINOSCOPY:
• attributed to Dr. Harold Haynes at the Pacific University
College of Optometry.
• gives an estimated measure of the spatial positioning of
accommodation with regard to convergence.
• cognitive demand is moderate.

6. BELL’S RETINOSCOPY:
• Developed by Drs. W.R. Henry and R.J. Appel.
• Evaluate the performance of the accommodative system under
moving & real life conditions in free space.
• cognitive demand is low.

7. NOTT’S RETINOSCOPY:
• Developed by I. S. Nott in the 1920s.
• It determines lead/lag of accommodation by moving
retinoscopic aperture towards or away from the eye.
• Lead/lag of accommodation=accommodative response
in diopters-accommodative demand.

8. TAIT’S RETINOSCOPY(1953):
• Working distance of 40 cm.
• Referred to as sheard’s method(difference b/w static and dynamic findings).
{avg lag of accommodation=0.75D}
• Second technique: Fogg with plus lenses, then approach the neutrality
point by reducing plus lens power.
{avg lag of accommodation=+2.25D}
• Close to +2.50D,i.e. negative relative accommodation.

9. CROSS RETINOSCOPY:
• Introduced by Andrew J.cross.
• Add plus lenses just beyond the neutral point, until a reversal
point occurred.
• He recommend full amount of plus in dynamic retinoscopy
finding

10. SHEARD’S RETINOSCOPY:
• Charles Sheard (1920).
• Introduced the concept of “ Lag of accommodation”.
• add plus lens power until neutrality occurred.
amp of acc=dynamic –static
as 0.5D “normal“ lag should be detected.

11. OTHER TECHNIQUES:

12. CHROMORETINOSCOPY:
• Helps in a clinical measurement of the chromatic aberration of
an eye.
• Transmittance filters with selected dominant wavelengths, are
placed between the light source of a retinoscope and the
retinoscopist’s eye.

13. Any
difficulty???