Early warning surge&lightning (electrical safety ) for valuable equipment...Mahesh Chandra Manav
Surge protection devices (SPDs) are important for protecting electrical equipment from overvoltage events like lightning strikes. The key points are:
1. SPDs consist of nonlinear components that suppress transient overvoltages, as well as indicators and short circuit protection. Common technologies are varistors, gas discharge tubes, and zener diodes.
2. For electrical installations, SPDs should be selected based on factors like the level of lightning exposure, the maximum discharge current, and distance from sensitive loads. A Type 1 SPD is installed at the main switchboard while additional Type 2 or 3 SPDs provide finer protection closer to equipment.
3. Proper SPD installation is also important, with short
This document provides an overview of R.Stahl Inc., which offers explosion protected products for hazardous locations. The agenda covers explosion protection methods, barriers and isolators, remote I/O, HMIs, and system solutions. Details are then given on R.Stahl's electrical, lighting, and automation products, as well as their system capabilities and sources of additional information. Basics of intrinsic safety and nonincendive protection are also summarized.
This document summarizes Chapter 42 of the IEE Wiring Regulations 17th Edition Part 4 on protection against thermal effects. It covers 3 sections: 420.1-3 on the scope and general requirements, 421 on protection where fire is caused by electrical equipment, and 422 on precautions where there is a particular risk of fire. Section 420 outlines the general safety measures required to protect people, property, and livestock from harmful thermal radiation, ignition of materials, fire propagation, and failure of safety services from electrical equipment. It notes applicable statutory fire protection requirements. Section 421 discusses requirements for electrical equipment to not present fire hazards from heat or sparks and comply with standards. Section 422 covers precautions required in locations with fire risks from
This document summarizes key requirements from Chapter 53-56 of the 17th Edition IEE Wiring Regulations relating to electrical installation protection, isolation, switching, control, monitoring and earthing. It covers requirements for devices like RCDs, overcurrent protection, isolation and switching, as well as earthing arrangements, protective conductors and equipotential bonding. Key topics include selection of protective device ratings, coordination of protection, emergency switching, isolation requirements and earthing of circuits with high leakage currents.
Part 2 of the document defines key terms used in the IEE Wiring Regulations 17th Edition. It includes definitions for various types of electrical equipment and components. It also defines terms related to earthing arrangements and symbols used in electrical formulae. Skilled persons are defined as those adequately advised or supervised to avoid electrical dangers. Mobile homes are defined as factory-produced relocatable dwellings for permanent residence or leisure.
This document discusses various protective measures against electric shock as defined in BS 7671. It describes the key principles of basic protection, which protects against direct contact with live parts under normal conditions, and fault protection, which protects against indirect contact with normally non-live parts that have become live due to a fault. The main protective measures discussed are automatic disconnection of supply, double/reinforced insulation, electrical separation, and extra-low voltage provided by SELV or PELV. Requirements for each measure are outlined, including how basic and fault protection are provided. Diagrams illustrate potential shock risks.
1. Ground Fault Protection (GFP) devices are used to protect electrical installations from fire risks by quickly detecting insulation faults.
2. GFP devices operate by measuring residual fault currents, which involves monitoring the vector sum of all live conductor currents and tripping the circuit if it exceeds the device's threshold.
3. Standards like IEC 60 364 and the National Electrical Code (NEC) require the use of GFP or Residual Current Devices (RCD) depending on the earthing system, with the NEC specifying very low sensitivity GFP devices for North American TN-S systems to address fire risks from potential high fault currents.
Early warning surge&lightning (electrical safety ) for valuable equipment...Mahesh Chandra Manav
Surge protection devices (SPDs) are important for protecting electrical equipment from overvoltage events like lightning strikes. The key points are:
1. SPDs consist of nonlinear components that suppress transient overvoltages, as well as indicators and short circuit protection. Common technologies are varistors, gas discharge tubes, and zener diodes.
2. For electrical installations, SPDs should be selected based on factors like the level of lightning exposure, the maximum discharge current, and distance from sensitive loads. A Type 1 SPD is installed at the main switchboard while additional Type 2 or 3 SPDs provide finer protection closer to equipment.
3. Proper SPD installation is also important, with short
This document provides an overview of R.Stahl Inc., which offers explosion protected products for hazardous locations. The agenda covers explosion protection methods, barriers and isolators, remote I/O, HMIs, and system solutions. Details are then given on R.Stahl's electrical, lighting, and automation products, as well as their system capabilities and sources of additional information. Basics of intrinsic safety and nonincendive protection are also summarized.
This document summarizes Chapter 42 of the IEE Wiring Regulations 17th Edition Part 4 on protection against thermal effects. It covers 3 sections: 420.1-3 on the scope and general requirements, 421 on protection where fire is caused by electrical equipment, and 422 on precautions where there is a particular risk of fire. Section 420 outlines the general safety measures required to protect people, property, and livestock from harmful thermal radiation, ignition of materials, fire propagation, and failure of safety services from electrical equipment. It notes applicable statutory fire protection requirements. Section 421 discusses requirements for electrical equipment to not present fire hazards from heat or sparks and comply with standards. Section 422 covers precautions required in locations with fire risks from
This document summarizes key requirements from Chapter 53-56 of the 17th Edition IEE Wiring Regulations relating to electrical installation protection, isolation, switching, control, monitoring and earthing. It covers requirements for devices like RCDs, overcurrent protection, isolation and switching, as well as earthing arrangements, protective conductors and equipotential bonding. Key topics include selection of protective device ratings, coordination of protection, emergency switching, isolation requirements and earthing of circuits with high leakage currents.
Part 2 of the document defines key terms used in the IEE Wiring Regulations 17th Edition. It includes definitions for various types of electrical equipment and components. It also defines terms related to earthing arrangements and symbols used in electrical formulae. Skilled persons are defined as those adequately advised or supervised to avoid electrical dangers. Mobile homes are defined as factory-produced relocatable dwellings for permanent residence or leisure.
This document discusses various protective measures against electric shock as defined in BS 7671. It describes the key principles of basic protection, which protects against direct contact with live parts under normal conditions, and fault protection, which protects against indirect contact with normally non-live parts that have become live due to a fault. The main protective measures discussed are automatic disconnection of supply, double/reinforced insulation, electrical separation, and extra-low voltage provided by SELV or PELV. Requirements for each measure are outlined, including how basic and fault protection are provided. Diagrams illustrate potential shock risks.
1. Ground Fault Protection (GFP) devices are used to protect electrical installations from fire risks by quickly detecting insulation faults.
2. GFP devices operate by measuring residual fault currents, which involves monitoring the vector sum of all live conductor currents and tripping the circuit if it exceeds the device's threshold.
3. Standards like IEC 60 364 and the National Electrical Code (NEC) require the use of GFP or Residual Current Devices (RCD) depending on the earthing system, with the NEC specifying very low sensitivity GFP devices for North American TN-S systems to address fire risks from potential high fault currents.
Part 7 of the IEE Wiring Regulations deals with special installations and locations. Section 701 specifically addresses locations containing baths or showers. It defines three zones - Zone 0 inside the bath/shower, Zone 1 extending to the edge of the bath/shower, and Zone 2 extending 60cm beyond Zone 1. Additional protection through 30mA RCDs is required for all circuits in locations with baths/showers. Various protective measures like automatic disconnection, SELV/PELV, and electrical separation are permitted.
The document discusses the requirements for electrical installations in Part 7 of the 17th edition of the IEE Wiring Regulations. It focuses on Section 702 regarding swimming pools and other basins. There are now 14 special locations covered, including 5 new ones. Section 702 establishes zones of risk around pools based on proximity. It specifies protective measures and equipment requirements for each zone, such as automatic disconnection of supply, supplementary bonding, and limits on voltage and location of sockets/switches to reduce the risk of electric shock when near water.
This document summarizes key parts of Chapter 41 (Protection Against Electric Shock) from the 17th Edition IEE Wiring Regulations Part 4. It outlines the different protective measures covered in this chapter, including automatic disconnection of supply, double/reinforced insulation, electrical separation, extra low voltage from SELV or PELV, additional protection, basic protection, obstacles and placing out of reach, and protective measures for installations controlled by skilled persons. The document provides brief descriptions and section references for these various protective measures.
The document outlines various special locations covered by Part 7 of the IEE Wiring Regulations 17th Edition, including bathrooms, swimming pools, saunas, construction sites, agricultural locations, conducting locations with restricted movement, caravan sites, marinas, exhibitions/shows, solar photovoltaic units, and mobile units. It provides details on the specific requirements for electrical installations in these locations, which are considered special due to factors that increase electric shock risks or the likelihood of mechanical damage.
The document discusses requirements for electrical installations according to the IEE Wiring Regulations 17th Edition Part 4. It focuses on Chapter 43 which covers protection against overcurrent. The chapter contains 7 sections that describe how live conductors must be protected from overcurrent through automatic disconnection devices, the positioning and characteristics of protective devices, coordination between conductors and overload protection, and exceptions for when protection can be omitted.
1) The document discusses the design of electrical installation protection systems. It outlines rules for selecting surge protective devices (SPDs) based on factors like the quantity of SPDs needed, their type, and the level of exposure.
2) The key characteristics used to define the lightning protection system and select an SPD include the SPD's maximum discharge current, the short-circuit current at the installation point, and whether a lightning rod is present within 50 meters of the building.
3) Multiple levels of SPD protection can be installed, with a Type 1 SPD at the incoming end to absorb a large quantity of energy, Type 2 SPDs to absorb residuals, and optional Type 3 SPDs near sensitive equipment
The document summarizes Part 5 of the 17th Edition of the IEE Wiring Regulations, which consists of 6 chapters related to the selection and erection of wiring systems. Chapter 51 covers Common Rules, including general requirements for compliance with safety standards, identification of conductors, accessibility of equipment, and prevention of mutual interference. It addresses topics such as acceptable standards for electrical equipment, consideration of operational conditions and external influences, and labeling requirements.
The document summarizes Chapter 44 of the IEE Wiring Regulations 17th Edition Part 4, which covers protection against voltage disturbances and electromagnetic disturbances. It discusses regulations for protecting low voltage installations from temporary overvoltages from faults, as well as protection against overvoltages from atmospheric or switching sources. It also addresses measures for protection against undervoltages.
This document provides instructions and safety precautions for servicing Denon AVR receivers. It includes dimensions, wire arrangements, cautions for initialization, recommended test jigs, and a test mode for displaying error and version information. Servicing technicians should follow all safety procedures, only use designated parts, and ensure proper reassembly to maintain safety performance.
The document discusses requirements for supplying electricity to a detached garage from a dwelling. It provides two methods: 1) running a cable from a spare circuit in the dwelling's consumer unit to a small consumer unit in the garage or 2) spurring a cable from the dwelling's ring final circuit. Both require RCD protection and consideration of any extraneous conductive parts like metal pipes. The electrical contractor must verify the existing installation can support the load and meets all safety standards before inspection, testing and issuing a certification of the work.
This document provides an overview of common electronic components including resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, integrated circuits and interface components. It describes how to identify different component types based on markings, ratings, and specifications. It also discusses proper handling and installation procedures to avoid electrostatic discharge damage, including using a grounded work surface and wrist strap when working with static sensitive devices. The document concludes with an activity that instructs students to inventory, group, and identify the values of components included in an electronics project kit.
ESP D1 Series - Enhanced mains power protectorsFurse
Following in the footsteps of our market-leading M1 Series of mains power surge protectors, the new D1 Series now offers industry leading low let-through voltage combined with the convenience of mounting to a
standard 35mm DIN rail.
With a choice of LED or innovative LCD display, and opportunity for remote mounting, D1 protectors establish a new benchmark for professional surge protection devices within the electrical marketplace.
Studer’s popular Vista 5 console gets an upgrade to the M2 with the optional addition of the precision TFT metering system introduced on the flagship Vista 9 console.
The new metering is capable of displaying signal levels from mono through to 5.1 channels on each input, with a configurable lower area which can be used to display bus assignments, surround images or the unique History mode, where a scrolling audio waveform displays signal anomalies and highlights them for up to 50 seconds to allow the engineer to identify where the event occurred. Metering for ‘layer 2’ signals can also be viewed, while the Control Bay screen can be used to provide configurable user pages with up to 40 meters.
When the TFT meter bridge is fitted, the external GC screen becomes an integral part of the chassis.
The Vista 5 M2 is based on the well known and widely praised Vista 5 console, which has found its home in all kinds of broadcast and theater production facilities around the world, and existing Vista 5 owners will be pleased to learn that their console may be easily upgraded to the M2 version to be ready for the optional meter bridge, which is a simple add-on to the console chassis.
Available in two frame sizes, 32 and 42 fader, the Vista 5 M2 brings precision signal monitoring to an already versatile and highly-regarded console.
Industrial Surge Protection: Why Use Mersen Surge Protection Devices?AutomationDirect.com
In this Slideshare you may gain a better understanding of what a power surge is, what may cause a power surge, and why using Mersen surge protection devices to protect your equipment is an easy and cost-effective solution that will save you money and downtime.
A hazardous area refers to any location with combustible materials that could cause an explosion. An intrinsically safe electrical circuit uses very low energy levels that cannot cause an explosion. Barriers are a key part of intrinsic safety systems as they limit energy to hazardous areas. Intrinsic safety is the safest, least expensive method to protect hazardous areas.
Do's and Don'ts of Personal Protective Grounding IEEE IAS Transactions FinalJim White
This document provides guidance on proper procedures for applying temporary protective grounds when working on electrical power systems. It discusses:
1) Sizing temporary grounds based on available fault current and clearing times to ensure they can safely conduct fault currents without failure.
2) The proper sequence for installing grounds which is to first securely attach the ground-side clamp, test for absence of voltage, then attach the line-side clamp using live-line tools.
3) Inspection of grounds is important before use to ensure they are rated for the application and not damaged which could cause failure during a fault. Tracking grounds applied is also critical to avoid leaving them installed when reenergizing a system.
The document provides an operation and programming manual for the ER-230 Series Electronic Cash Register. It includes instructions on basic operations such as clerk sign-on/off, item registrations using various entry methods, and totaling/tendering sales. It also describes the X/Z and programming modes for tasks like running reports, clearing memory, and customizing settings and labels. Precautions are given for safety, servicing and handling electrostatic sensitive devices.
Siemens ,
Catalog Thiết Bị Điện Siemens , Catalog Thiết Tự Động
Catalog Phụ Kiện Siemens , Catalog Phụ Kiện,
Catalog Siemens , Catalog,
https://www.dienhathe.com,
Chi tiết các sản phẩm khác của Siemens tại https://dienhathe.com
Xem thêm các Catalog khác của Siemens tại https://dienhathe.info
Để nhận báo giá sản phẩm Siemens vui lòng gọi: 0907.764.966
This document discusses lightning and surge protection for equipment in business premises and homes. It summarizes that while external lightning protection systems can help, surges can still enter buildings and damage electronics through power, phone, or TV lines. It then provides an overview of surge protection kits that can protect equipment connected to these lines from damage. Recommendations are also made for installing a complete external lightning protection system.
Intrinsic safety is a technique used to prevent explosions caused by sparking electrical apparatus in hazardous areas. It works by using safety barriers between safe and hazardous areas to prevent faults from generating high energy sparks that could ignite explosive mixtures. Intrinsically safe circuits are designed and implemented to not produce any sparks at all. Simple low power devices like thermocouples can be used without barriers in hazardous areas. Intrinsic safety is the preferred method for zone 0 areas and offers flexibility in circuit design while eliminating explosion proof junction boxes. However, it is limited to low power applications like instruments and controls.
An Intrinsically Safe Barrier is a device which limits the power (energy) which can be delivered from a safe area into a hazardous zone. Explosions are prevented; not just contained in explosion-proof conduit and housings. Not only is electrical energy (voltage and current) held within safe limits, but total energy is also contained, eliminating the possibility of an explosion due to excessive heat. Use of barriers and a total intrinsically safe design philosophy offers considerable advantages from cost and safety standpoints.
The document discusses how workforces are increasingly dispersed globally, requiring better collaboration tools. New tools like conference calling and video conferencing have benefits like reduced travel costs but also challenges like joining calls. The presentation introduces several Plantronics products that aim to make conference calls and meetings smarter and simpler, such as applications that automatically join calls and devices that reduce background noise. It argues these tools are needed to address the complexities of modern remote collaboration.
Part 7 of the IEE Wiring Regulations deals with special installations and locations. Section 701 specifically addresses locations containing baths or showers. It defines three zones - Zone 0 inside the bath/shower, Zone 1 extending to the edge of the bath/shower, and Zone 2 extending 60cm beyond Zone 1. Additional protection through 30mA RCDs is required for all circuits in locations with baths/showers. Various protective measures like automatic disconnection, SELV/PELV, and electrical separation are permitted.
The document discusses the requirements for electrical installations in Part 7 of the 17th edition of the IEE Wiring Regulations. It focuses on Section 702 regarding swimming pools and other basins. There are now 14 special locations covered, including 5 new ones. Section 702 establishes zones of risk around pools based on proximity. It specifies protective measures and equipment requirements for each zone, such as automatic disconnection of supply, supplementary bonding, and limits on voltage and location of sockets/switches to reduce the risk of electric shock when near water.
This document summarizes key parts of Chapter 41 (Protection Against Electric Shock) from the 17th Edition IEE Wiring Regulations Part 4. It outlines the different protective measures covered in this chapter, including automatic disconnection of supply, double/reinforced insulation, electrical separation, extra low voltage from SELV or PELV, additional protection, basic protection, obstacles and placing out of reach, and protective measures for installations controlled by skilled persons. The document provides brief descriptions and section references for these various protective measures.
The document outlines various special locations covered by Part 7 of the IEE Wiring Regulations 17th Edition, including bathrooms, swimming pools, saunas, construction sites, agricultural locations, conducting locations with restricted movement, caravan sites, marinas, exhibitions/shows, solar photovoltaic units, and mobile units. It provides details on the specific requirements for electrical installations in these locations, which are considered special due to factors that increase electric shock risks or the likelihood of mechanical damage.
The document discusses requirements for electrical installations according to the IEE Wiring Regulations 17th Edition Part 4. It focuses on Chapter 43 which covers protection against overcurrent. The chapter contains 7 sections that describe how live conductors must be protected from overcurrent through automatic disconnection devices, the positioning and characteristics of protective devices, coordination between conductors and overload protection, and exceptions for when protection can be omitted.
1) The document discusses the design of electrical installation protection systems. It outlines rules for selecting surge protective devices (SPDs) based on factors like the quantity of SPDs needed, their type, and the level of exposure.
2) The key characteristics used to define the lightning protection system and select an SPD include the SPD's maximum discharge current, the short-circuit current at the installation point, and whether a lightning rod is present within 50 meters of the building.
3) Multiple levels of SPD protection can be installed, with a Type 1 SPD at the incoming end to absorb a large quantity of energy, Type 2 SPDs to absorb residuals, and optional Type 3 SPDs near sensitive equipment
The document summarizes Part 5 of the 17th Edition of the IEE Wiring Regulations, which consists of 6 chapters related to the selection and erection of wiring systems. Chapter 51 covers Common Rules, including general requirements for compliance with safety standards, identification of conductors, accessibility of equipment, and prevention of mutual interference. It addresses topics such as acceptable standards for electrical equipment, consideration of operational conditions and external influences, and labeling requirements.
The document summarizes Chapter 44 of the IEE Wiring Regulations 17th Edition Part 4, which covers protection against voltage disturbances and electromagnetic disturbances. It discusses regulations for protecting low voltage installations from temporary overvoltages from faults, as well as protection against overvoltages from atmospheric or switching sources. It also addresses measures for protection against undervoltages.
This document provides instructions and safety precautions for servicing Denon AVR receivers. It includes dimensions, wire arrangements, cautions for initialization, recommended test jigs, and a test mode for displaying error and version information. Servicing technicians should follow all safety procedures, only use designated parts, and ensure proper reassembly to maintain safety performance.
The document discusses requirements for supplying electricity to a detached garage from a dwelling. It provides two methods: 1) running a cable from a spare circuit in the dwelling's consumer unit to a small consumer unit in the garage or 2) spurring a cable from the dwelling's ring final circuit. Both require RCD protection and consideration of any extraneous conductive parts like metal pipes. The electrical contractor must verify the existing installation can support the load and meets all safety standards before inspection, testing and issuing a certification of the work.
This document provides an overview of common electronic components including resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, integrated circuits and interface components. It describes how to identify different component types based on markings, ratings, and specifications. It also discusses proper handling and installation procedures to avoid electrostatic discharge damage, including using a grounded work surface and wrist strap when working with static sensitive devices. The document concludes with an activity that instructs students to inventory, group, and identify the values of components included in an electronics project kit.
ESP D1 Series - Enhanced mains power protectorsFurse
Following in the footsteps of our market-leading M1 Series of mains power surge protectors, the new D1 Series now offers industry leading low let-through voltage combined with the convenience of mounting to a
standard 35mm DIN rail.
With a choice of LED or innovative LCD display, and opportunity for remote mounting, D1 protectors establish a new benchmark for professional surge protection devices within the electrical marketplace.
Studer’s popular Vista 5 console gets an upgrade to the M2 with the optional addition of the precision TFT metering system introduced on the flagship Vista 9 console.
The new metering is capable of displaying signal levels from mono through to 5.1 channels on each input, with a configurable lower area which can be used to display bus assignments, surround images or the unique History mode, where a scrolling audio waveform displays signal anomalies and highlights them for up to 50 seconds to allow the engineer to identify where the event occurred. Metering for ‘layer 2’ signals can also be viewed, while the Control Bay screen can be used to provide configurable user pages with up to 40 meters.
When the TFT meter bridge is fitted, the external GC screen becomes an integral part of the chassis.
The Vista 5 M2 is based on the well known and widely praised Vista 5 console, which has found its home in all kinds of broadcast and theater production facilities around the world, and existing Vista 5 owners will be pleased to learn that their console may be easily upgraded to the M2 version to be ready for the optional meter bridge, which is a simple add-on to the console chassis.
Available in two frame sizes, 32 and 42 fader, the Vista 5 M2 brings precision signal monitoring to an already versatile and highly-regarded console.
Industrial Surge Protection: Why Use Mersen Surge Protection Devices?AutomationDirect.com
In this Slideshare you may gain a better understanding of what a power surge is, what may cause a power surge, and why using Mersen surge protection devices to protect your equipment is an easy and cost-effective solution that will save you money and downtime.
A hazardous area refers to any location with combustible materials that could cause an explosion. An intrinsically safe electrical circuit uses very low energy levels that cannot cause an explosion. Barriers are a key part of intrinsic safety systems as they limit energy to hazardous areas. Intrinsic safety is the safest, least expensive method to protect hazardous areas.
Do's and Don'ts of Personal Protective Grounding IEEE IAS Transactions FinalJim White
This document provides guidance on proper procedures for applying temporary protective grounds when working on electrical power systems. It discusses:
1) Sizing temporary grounds based on available fault current and clearing times to ensure they can safely conduct fault currents without failure.
2) The proper sequence for installing grounds which is to first securely attach the ground-side clamp, test for absence of voltage, then attach the line-side clamp using live-line tools.
3) Inspection of grounds is important before use to ensure they are rated for the application and not damaged which could cause failure during a fault. Tracking grounds applied is also critical to avoid leaving them installed when reenergizing a system.
The document provides an operation and programming manual for the ER-230 Series Electronic Cash Register. It includes instructions on basic operations such as clerk sign-on/off, item registrations using various entry methods, and totaling/tendering sales. It also describes the X/Z and programming modes for tasks like running reports, clearing memory, and customizing settings and labels. Precautions are given for safety, servicing and handling electrostatic sensitive devices.
Siemens ,
Catalog Thiết Bị Điện Siemens , Catalog Thiết Tự Động
Catalog Phụ Kiện Siemens , Catalog Phụ Kiện,
Catalog Siemens , Catalog,
https://www.dienhathe.com,
Chi tiết các sản phẩm khác của Siemens tại https://dienhathe.com
Xem thêm các Catalog khác của Siemens tại https://dienhathe.info
Để nhận báo giá sản phẩm Siemens vui lòng gọi: 0907.764.966
This document discusses lightning and surge protection for equipment in business premises and homes. It summarizes that while external lightning protection systems can help, surges can still enter buildings and damage electronics through power, phone, or TV lines. It then provides an overview of surge protection kits that can protect equipment connected to these lines from damage. Recommendations are also made for installing a complete external lightning protection system.
Intrinsic safety is a technique used to prevent explosions caused by sparking electrical apparatus in hazardous areas. It works by using safety barriers between safe and hazardous areas to prevent faults from generating high energy sparks that could ignite explosive mixtures. Intrinsically safe circuits are designed and implemented to not produce any sparks at all. Simple low power devices like thermocouples can be used without barriers in hazardous areas. Intrinsic safety is the preferred method for zone 0 areas and offers flexibility in circuit design while eliminating explosion proof junction boxes. However, it is limited to low power applications like instruments and controls.
An Intrinsically Safe Barrier is a device which limits the power (energy) which can be delivered from a safe area into a hazardous zone. Explosions are prevented; not just contained in explosion-proof conduit and housings. Not only is electrical energy (voltage and current) held within safe limits, but total energy is also contained, eliminating the possibility of an explosion due to excessive heat. Use of barriers and a total intrinsically safe design philosophy offers considerable advantages from cost and safety standpoints.
The document discusses how workforces are increasingly dispersed globally, requiring better collaboration tools. New tools like conference calling and video conferencing have benefits like reduced travel costs but also challenges like joining calls. The presentation introduces several Plantronics products that aim to make conference calls and meetings smarter and simpler, such as applications that automatically join calls and devices that reduce background noise. It argues these tools are needed to address the complexities of modern remote collaboration.
This document summarizes a presentation on intrinsic safety and hazardous areas. It begins with an overview of the presenter's micro-course series on practical electrical engineering topics. The presentation then covers the fundamentals of explosion protection, including defining intrinsic safety, area classification systems, gas properties, temperature classifications, and methods of explosion protection. Intrinsic safety (Ex i) is explained in detail as a method to prevent ignition in hazardous areas by limiting the energy and voltage in electrical circuits. Circuit diagrams demonstrate how intrinsic safety barriers work to isolate hazardous and safe areas.
Industrial Automation using unmanned Aerial vehicleMusthafa Nowfal
This document describes a project to use an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV or drone) for industrial automation. The goal is to have the drone carry components from a warehouse to an assembly line. Beacons placed throughout the facility will emit unique signals to help the drone locate and transport specified objects. The project involves two phases: first, programming the drone and integrating beacon technology, and second, developing a mobile application to control the drone. Beacons allow indoor positioning to guide the drone when GPS is unreliable indoors. The drone will follow beacon signals to destinations throughout the facility, helping automate material transport.
Hazardous location protection methods e book by pepperl+ fuchsKristen_Barbour_PF
Hazardous Location Protection Methods Explained.
By definition, a hazardous (classified) location is an area in an industrial complex where the atmosphere contains flammable concentrations of gases or vapors by leakage, or ignitable concentrations of dust or fibers by suspension or dispersion.
The treatment of dangerous substances, where the risk of explosion or fire exists that can be caused by an electrical spark, arc, or hot temperatures, requires specifically defined instrumentation located in a hazardous location. It also requires that interfacing signals coming from a hazardous location be unable to create the necessary conditions to ignite and propagate an explosion.
Explosion protection theory and practiceDavid Pires
This document provides an overview of explosion protection principles and guidelines. It discusses the risks of explosions from combustible gases, vapors, and dusts. It also summarizes the key standards and directives around explosion protection from Europe (ATEX), North America (NEC/CEC), and international standards. The document outlines explosion protection concepts like classification of hazardous areas, protection types, and conformity assessment procedures.
This document is the introduction chapter of "The Practical Guide to Hazardous Area Classification" by Abhisam Software. It defines hazardous areas as industrial workplaces that produce, process, handle or store potentially explosive materials. It notes that hazardous areas are not limited to chemical plants, but can include places like grain silos, flour mills, coal mines, oil tankers, refineries, gas power plants and gas stations. The introduction stresses that proper area classification and safety engineering practices are needed to reduce the risk of fires and explosions in these hazardous locations.
This document discusses the differences between programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and distributed control systems (DCSs) in order to help determine which type of system is best suited for different applications. It outlines seven key questions to consider regarding the manufacturing process, product value, system requirements, operator needs, engineering expectations, and whether the application is hybrid in nature. PLCs are generally better for discrete and simple batch control, while DCSs are more suitable for complex batch processes and facilities that require flexibility and recipe management where system availability is critical. A hybrid system may be needed if an application requires both fast logic control and regulatory analog loop control.
Practical Distributed Control Systems (DCS) for Engineers and TechniciansLiving Online
This workshop will cover the practical applications of the modern Distributed Control System (DCS). Whilst all control systems are distributed to a certain extent today and there is a definite merging of the concepts of a DCS, Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and SCADA and despite the rapid growth in the use of PLC’s and SCADA systems, some of the advantages of a DCS can still be said to be Integrity and Engineering time.
Abnormal Situation Management and Intelligent Alarm Management is a very important DCS issue that provides significant advantages over PLC and SCADA systems.
Few DCSs do justice to the process in terms of controlling for superior performance – most of them merely do the basics and leave the rest to the operators. Operators tend to operate within their comfort zone; they don’t drive the process “like Vettel drives his Renault”. If more than one adverse condition developed at the same time and the system is too basic to act protectively, the operator would probably not be able to react adequately and risk a major deviation.
Not only is the process control functionality normally underdeveloped but on-line process and control system performance evaluation is rarely seen and alarm management is often badly done. Operators consequently have little feedback on their own performance and exceptional adverse conditions are often not handled as well as they should be. This workshop gives suggestions on dealing with these issues.
The losses in process performance due to the inadequately developed control functionality and the operator’s utilisation of the system are invisible in the conventional plant and process performance evaluation and reporting system; that is why it is so hard to make the case for eliminating these losses. Accounting for the invisible losses due to inferior control is not a simple matter, technically and managerially; so it is rarely attempted. A few suggestions are given in dealing with this.
Why are DCS generally so underutilised? Often because the vendor minimises the applications software development costs to be sure of winning the job, or because he does not know enough about the process or if it is a green-field situation, enough could not be known at commissioning time but no allowance was made to add the missing functionality during the ramp-up phase. Often the client does not have the technical skills in-house to realise the desired functionality is missing or to adequately specify the desired functionality.
This workshop examines all these issues and gives suggestions in dealing with them and whilst not being by any means exhaustive provides an excellent starting point for you in working with a DCS.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-distributed-control-systems-dcs-engineers-technicians-2
The document introduces automation and its benefits for energy saving. It discusses how automation works using a central processor to control inputs and outputs. The key components of an automated system include the central processor, memory to store programs and data, input and output devices, and a power supply. Automation allows remote monitoring and control of systems to save energy and reduce costs.
The document discusses automation and its various tools. It provides an overview of automation, including its history and concepts. It describes programmable logic controllers and supervisory control and data acquisition systems. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of automation as well as some of its applications.
The document discusses control system trends and different distributed control system (DCS) architectures. It describes the evolution of DCS from centralized to distributed control with fieldbus connectivity. It provides examples of DCS installations and components of DCS systems from manufacturers like Honeywell, Yokogawa, and ABB. These include control stations, input/output modules, networks, and the use of Windows-based control.
1. Ground Fault Protection (GFP) devices are used to protect electrical installations from fire risks by quickly detecting insulation faults.
2. GFP devices operate by measuring residual fault currents, which involves monitoring the vector sum of all live conductor currents and tripping the circuit if it exceeds the device's threshold.
3. Installation standards like IEC 60 364 and the National Electrical Code (NEC) require the use of GFP or Residual Current Devices (RCD) depending on the earthing system, with the NEC specifying very low sensitivity GFP devices for North American TN-S systems to address fire risks.
Pemesanan produk, hubungi PT Siwali Swantika melalui WhatsApp, Jakarta : 0811-1519-949 (chat only) | Surabaya : 0811-1519-948 (chat only). Kunjungi website kami di www.siwali.com, untuk detail informasi spesifikasi dan model alat.
This is a great guide to surge protection from Hager and if you would like Hager Surge Protection fitted to your Bypass Switches Input for mains one or two please call us on 0800 978 8988 or email sales@criticalpowersupplies.co.uk
Critical Power Supplies provide a range of surge protection kits that can be fitted to any of our bypass switches or consumer units to meet Amendment 1 of the 17th Edition.
The surge protection devices in the kit offer type 2 protection to the BS EN 61643 standard, to ensure conformity with the current edition of BS 7671.
Amendment 1 of the 17th Edition requires electricians to conduct a risk assessment of properties to see if they require surge protection.
When you consider that many homes have a lot of sensitive electronic equipment, such as TVs, Hi-Fis, PCs and printers that would be adversely affected by a voltage surge, then the need for such devices increases.
Transient overvoltages are not just caused by a direct lightning strike, a nearby strike, within a kilometre, can cause substantial damage. Other causes can be fluctuations in the power supply or from equipment such as microwaves or showers being switched.
Our surge protection kit can prevent the spread of overvoltages in electrical installations and protect the equipment connected to it. It is characterised by an 8/20us current wave.
To gain a greateer understanding of Surge Protection and our Surge Protection Kit & Devices download a copy of our Guide to Surge Protection Devices.
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) occurs when electrons redistribute on a material's surface, creating an electric field and potential for electrical shock. While harmless to humans, ESD can damage microelectronic devices. Transient voltage suppressor (TVS) circuits use diodes to protect data interfaces from ESD, lightning, and other voltage transients. TVS devices protect common ports like USB and HDMI. Choosing the right ESD protection is critical and involves factors like response time, operating voltage, leakage current, and capacitance. TVS diodes are engineered to safely discharge high ESD currents without impacting signal integrity or degrading over time.
Electrical protective devices like circuit breakers and fuses detect anomalies in power systems to prevent damage. Circuit breakers can be reset after tripping, while fuses must be replaced. Safety switches immediately cut power during dangerous electricity levels to prevent injury. Lightning protection systems like air terminals and conductors safely direct lightning strikes to ground. Proper installation and periodic testing of these devices ensures the continued safe operation of electrical systems.
Hakel Ltd. is a major producer of surge protection devices in Europe since 1994. It obtained ISO 9001 certification in 1997. Surge protection devices help protect sensitive electronics from electromagnetic interference and overvoltage damage, which can cause equipment failure and financial losses. Hakel produces surge protection devices that can be applied across industries to help protect power systems. It works to develop new technologies and passes knowledge to students. Hakel leads the Czech market and exports worldwide, helping partners develop their businesses. Continual investment helps Hakel achieve high standards and technical solutions.
This document provides information on medium voltage fuses from 3.6 kV to 36 kV produced by Hoang Phuong Electric Equipment Company. It includes an introduction to their Fusarc CF, Soléfuse, Tépéfuse, and MGK fuse lines and descriptions of their applications, characteristics, standards, quality control processes, and key definitions. Tables and diagrams are provided showing fuse ratings and operating ranges. The construction of the fuses is also detailed, including components like the end caps, enclosure, core, fuse element, and thermal striker.
Behavioral studies of surge protection componentsjournalBEEI
In our daily life, almost all the items we used, being a computer, television, lift or vehicle we drive consist of some kind of electrical or electronics component inside. The operation of these devices could be severely affected by lightning activity or electrical switching events, as there are more than 2000 thunderstorms in progress at any time resulting in 100 lightning flashes to ground per second. In practice, any device using electricity will subject to surge damages induced from the lightning or switching of heavy load. Surge protection device (SPD) is added at the power distribution panel and critical process loop to prevent damage subsequently cause plant shutdown. There are many questions raised on the SPD. How can this small device protect the equipment from large energy release by the lightning? What is inside the device? How does it work? This paper provides comprehensive detail in revealing the science and engineering behind the SPD, its individual component characteristic and how does it work. The technical information presented is limited to surge protection on equipment; surge protection for building structure will not be discussed here.
IRJET- Embedded System based Multi-Source Leakage Current Protection for Low ...IRJET Journal
1. The document discusses the development of a microcontroller-based residual current circuit breaker (RCCB) that can detect faults even when the main power supply fails and a backup inverter is providing power.
2. Conventional RCCBs only protect against faults in the main power supply and not the backup inverter. This leaves users at risk of electric shock if a fault occurs when the inverter is operating.
3. The proposed microcontroller-based RCCB aims to address this issue by detecting faults under any power conditions, whether the main supply or backup inverter is providing power, in order to protect users.
The document provides an overview of NEOZED fuse systems, including:
1) NEOZED fuse links that have rated voltages of 400V AC/250V DC, sizes from D01 to D03, and rated currents from 2A to 100A.
2) NEOZED fuse bases that are made of ceramic or molded plastic, available in 1-pole and 3-pole, and sizes D01 and D02 for rail or busbar mounting.
3) NEOZED fuse disconnectors that use a draw-out design for safe changing of fuse links without voltage, are size D01, and can be rail or busbar mounted with a sealable switch.
1) This guide provides information to help design protection systems for electrical power networks. It discusses power system architectures, neutral earthing systems, short circuits, sensors, protection functions, and discrimination techniques.
2) The guide has two parts: the first discusses theoretical aspects of power system studies, while the second provides solutions for protecting different applications such as transformers, motors, and generators.
3) Protection systems aim to safely detect and clear faults while maintaining continuity of power supply. Proper coordination of protection devices is important to isolate only the faulty sections of the network.
1) This guide provides information to help design protection systems for electrical power networks. It discusses power system architectures, neutral earthing systems, short circuits, sensors, protection functions, and discrimination techniques.
2) The guide has two parts: the first discusses theoretical aspects of power system studies, while the second provides solutions for protecting different applications such as transformers, motors, and generators.
3) Protection systems aim to safely detect and clear faults while maintaining continuity of power supply. Proper coordination of protection devices is important to isolate only the faulty sections of the network.
2010 The Hebistor Device: Novel latch-up immune ESD Protection Clamp for High...Sofics
2010 Taiwan ESD and reliability conference
High voltage interfaces are broadly used in many IC applications like motor control, power management and conversion, LCD panel drivers and automotive systems. Because the high voltage IC's are typically used in severe applications IC designers need to protect their circuits to a steady growing list of requirements. In this paper we present an overview of the ESD, EOS and latch‐up requirements and compare the performance of different on‐chip ESD protection approaches. The paper introduces a newly developed protection device with a high holding voltage for absolute latch‐up immunity.
The document provides instructions for installing and configuring a Zipato security expansion module. Key details include:
- The module has 6 wired zones, an optically isolated input, a wired bell/siren output, a programmable output, an auxiliary power supply, a USB port, and a serial port.
- Zones can be wired as normally closed loops with single or double end-of-line resistors for maximum protection. The bell/siren output and auxiliary power output are supervised.
- The programmable output can be configured to switch to ground or the auxiliary voltage. Additional modules can expand zones to 24 total.
- A lead acid battery provides backup power and connects to battery terminals, observing
Best Practices for Surge Protection on a Tank BatteryPetro Guardian
This technical note provides guidelines for installing surge protection devices to protect oilfield assets from lightning strikes and static discharge. It outlines best practices for surge protection on tank batteries, including installing surge protectors on power lines, communication lines, and field devices to mitigate induced surges. Common areas that experience damage include electronic control systems, power supply systems, and field instruments. The document recommends selecting UL1449 Type 1 surge protection devices and proper grounding according to equipment specifications.
This document provides an overview of Littelfuse's transient voltage suppression (TVS) diode products and design support services. It includes:
1) A table of contents listing TVS diode product series and their datasheet page numbers. Product series are grouped by package type - surface mount or axial leaded.
2) Brief descriptions of common transient voltage threats like electrostatic discharge, inductive load switching, and lightning-induced transients. It provides examples of the voltage, current, rise time and duration of these events.
3) Definitions of key TVS diode terms and parameters to consider when selecting a product, such as operating temperature range, capacitance, and reverse standoff voltage.
Lightning it,s Nature Call ,Many Disaster Seen due to Wrong Selection , Design ,Engineering ,Installation and Periodical Maintenance.
Lightning Kills&Damage our Valuable Assets IEC62305 Claim Conventional for lightning Protection involve many Components Cost is very High,Design and Installation after Maintenance also critical.
Because of Electrical Product Manufacturer worldwide Support Funding IEC Group some of company who manufacturer Conventional Lightning Products funding just to see no other lighting protection Technologies enter&approved by these Committee No Fair Business Practice.
ESE Lightning Protection Always Claim Offering Product Tested by LAB to their customer Easy way to design ,Installation&Total Cost is economical,Maintenance very easy.
Many countries adopted in their Standard.
Manufacturer who is supporting products with LAB Certificate should only entertain many companies in India Supply submitting Forged Certificate .
Indian Government Agencies Releasing Tender for ESE Lighting Solar PV Project , Power Substation Transmission and Distribution , Railway &Metro Rail Projects,
NBC2016 BIS who is influence with IEC not included and cheated Indian Government&Partial approach because of Low Knowledge about Lightning Design&Selection of Products.
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This document provides an overview of intrinsic safety and why it is chosen for instrumentation systems in hazardous areas. It discusses that intrinsic safety (1) prevents explosions by ensuring low energy levels, (2) can be used in all zones as it is the only technique proven safe in Zone 0, and (3) permits live maintenance without gas clearance as fault conditions are considered in the design. Intrinsic safety works by restricting electrical energy to below ignition levels and uses three levels ('ia', 'ib', 'ic') that balance explosion risk against ignition risk for the zone.
Data Teknis Gossen Metrawatt Insulation Tester METRISO PROPT. Siwali Swantika
Pemesanan produk, hubungi PT Siwali Swantika melalui WhatsApp, Jakarta : 0811-1519-949 (chat only) | Surabaya : 0811-1519-948 (chat only). Kunjungi website kami di www.siwali.com, untuk detail informasi spesifikasi dan model alat.
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2. This is a guide to using the E2S Intrinsically safe
sounders and beacons, it is based on the Atex
certification but in general the guidelines apply to other
intrinsic safety certifications including North American
FM and IECEx. It is not intended as a definitive guide to
intrinsic safety and or a complete review of the subject.
Intrinsically safe solutions
Please refer to the Intrinsic
Safety Certificate and
installation instructions for
individual equipment with
reference to the relevant local
and national standards.
3. Intrinsic Safety is a protection technique based upon the
restriction of electrical energy to a level below that which can
cause ignition by either sparking of heating effects. It is a system
concept; unlike most other hazardous area protection methods,
such as flameproof Ex d, all items in an intrinsically safe circuit
must be taken into consideration.
Intrinsic safety
4. An Intrinsically safe circuit is typically defined as:
A circuit in which any spark or thermal effect produced in
normal operation and specified fault conditions is not
capable of causing ignition.
So the preservation of intrinsic safety depends on the strict
control of energy in the circuit and therefore the whole circuit
needs to be considered, not just the field apparatus in isolation.
Intrinsic safety
5. Associated apparatus is the name given to the piece of
equipment which is responsible for controlling the level of voltage
and current which will be permitted to enter the intrinsically safe
circuit within the hazardous area.
Intrinsic safety
It preserves the integrity of the intrinsically safe field device (it does not make it safe) and takes the form of an
interface between the safe area and the hazardous area and is usually a Zener barrier or isolation interface
colloquially both types are generally referred to in context as barriers or isolators.
The associated apparatus is located in the safe area near to where the intrinsically safe connections can be
passed to the hazardous area. This of course may be inside another piece certified equipment such as an Ex d
enclosure, which in effect creates a local safe area inside.
6. Additional certification (Ex N) for the associated apparatus
may be utilised e.g. many Zener barriers are approved to Ex N
which allows the interface to be installed in a Zone 2 hazardous
areas with appropriate enclosure. In this case in the context of the
intrinsically safe circuit it is assumed the interface is in the safe
area.
Intrinsic safety
7. Cables have also to be taken in to consideration.
Interconnecting cables include reactance which will have an effect
on the storage of energy in the circuit. The calculation of cable
requirements is out with the scope of this document. However, as
intrinsic safety is low power, and is usually installed with small
diameter cabling cable runs are rarely an issue.
Intrinsic safety
Unlike other protection techniques cable requirements for intrinsic safety are not onerous. Armoured cable is not
necessary and the minimum requirements are for double insulated cable only. However local site standards may
over-ride the minimum requirements.
8. IP Rating for an intrinsically
safe installation is on IP20.
However in practice a higher IP
rating is usually required to
meet environmental conditions
or site standards.
Intrinsic safety
First digit
Solid body
protection
Second digit Liquid protection
0 No protection 0 No protection
1 Objects > 50.0mm 1 Vertically dripping water
2 Objects > 12.0mm 2 75 - 90° sprayed water
3 Objects > 2.5mm 3 30 - 90° sprayed water
4 Objects > 1.0mm 4
Water sprayed - low
pressure
5 Dust protected 5 Water jets - low pressure
6 Dust tight 6
Water jets - high
pressure
7 Temporary immersion
8 Sustained immersion
9. The decision between these two types of interface will normally be down to site
preferences and both have advantages and disadvantages.
Zener barriers or isolation interfaces
Interface selection
Zener barriers are much simpler than isolation interfaces
and tend to be more flexible in application. Generally Zener
barriers can be used in different circuits. Isolation interfaces
tend to be designed for a specific application and are limited
in the way they are used.
Earthing with Zener barriers is perceived to be difficult as
they have a strict earthing requirement although in practice
this rarely a problem. Maintaining an intrinsic safety earth is
not as difficult as some believe but, particularly when only a
few Zener barriers are used, it can introduce extra
complication and cost.
10. The decision between these two types of interface will normally be down to site
preferences and both have advantages and disadvantages.
Zener barriers or isolation interfaces
Interface selection
Isolation interfaces (also known as Galvanic Isolators) do
not require the same degree of integrity on the Earth as Zener
barrier interfaces. However to avoid the risk of cables
charging to uncontrolled potentials and so acquiring stored
capacitive energy which may be incendive, a discharge path
to Earth should be provided. This would typically be between
200kΩ and 1MΩ and is not deemed to be earthing in terms
of the instrumentation loop.
11. The associated apparatus (intrinsic safety interface)
preserves the integrity of the field device such as E2S
sounder or beacon. It can only do this if it limits the
energy by way of voltage and current to a level below
the maximum permitted by field device.
Selecting an intrinsic safety interface
Interface selection
These values are the entity parameters (often referred to as safety
parameters) and consist of voltage current power capacitance and
inductance.
All of these may not always be specified if they are irrelevant or can be
derived directly from the other parameters.
IS-minialarm
IS-minialite
12. Selecting an intrinsic safety interface
Interface selection
The E2S sounders and beacons main terminals all have the same entity
parameters (The suffix “i” denotes input characteristics)
Ui = 28v | Ii = 93mA | Pi = 660mW
This means that the integrity of the apparatus is maintained, i.e. is it is safe, providing these figures are not exceeded. Therefore the
associated apparatus (barrier) must have parameters of less than or equal to these figures.
Note that the power figure is not the direct calculation based on Voltage and Current; these are entity or safety parameters not actual working
values.
The capacitance and inductance figures
Ci = 0µF | Li = 0mH
Refer to the capacitance or inductance that the apparatus contributes to the circuit. In the case of E2S sounders and beacons this is zero
which simplifies the safety assessment of the circuit.
A suitable barrier would have entity parameters of
Uo ≤ 28v | I o ≤ 93mA | P o ≤ 660mW
13. Zener barriers
Intrinsic safety solutions
These are typical system diagrams using Isolation interfaces for E2S Intrinsically
safe sounders and beacons.
The following circuits are for are for illustration only, installation and details may be omitted for
clarity.
Please refer to the relevant certification prior to use. As all E2S sounder and beacons have the
same entity parameters in most circuits different E2S intrinsically safe field apparatus may be
used providing it has the relevant input feature. Where examples show the IS-mini range a
direct replacement can be made using the IS-A105N and IS-L101L or combination.
14. Zener barriers
Intrinsic safety solutions
The basic installation is straightforward on/off control using a Zener barrier with entity
parameters 28v 93mA (often referred to as 28v 300Ω) which is an industry standard barrier
(Power driver).
This is suitable for all E2S Intrinsically safe sounders and beacons.
To simplify drawings the rest of the illustration do not show the representative voltage clamping
diode.
15. Zener barriers
Intrinsic safety solutions
The 2nd tone on a sounder is switched down to zero volts. This can be achieved in the safe
area by using a Diode return barrier.
16. Zener barriers
Intrinsic safety solutions
Similarly another diode return can be added for the 3rd stage audible alarm This can be
achieved with a single 3 channel barrier.
17. Zener barriers
Intrinsic safety solutions
The sounder and beacon IS-mC1 or the combination of IS-105N and IS-L101 can be powered
from a single Zener barrier. Similarly an IS-mA1 plus IS-mb1 could be run from a single Zener
barrier.
19. Zener barriers
Intrinsic safety solutions
Again with the option of 2nd tone switch. This can be extended further using 2 power and
diode returns Zener barriers to switch the 3rd alarm tone (not shown).
20. Zener barriers
Intrinsic safety solutions
The combined IS-A105N / IS-L101L has a mute option, adding a switch will mute the alarm.
Depending on the DIP switch settings on the IS-L101 reset occurs:
On alarm condition being removed i.e. power down of IS-L101L or after a dip switch selectable
interval – from 5 seconds to 2 hours.
Note the reset switch does not need to be certified as it is considered to be simple apparatus.
21. Zener barriers
Intrinsic safety solutions
However many DCS cards use pull down signals such as open collector, common
emitter outputs. Then a common power feed would be used with all switching being done via a
diode return barrier.
Here is a simple on off control. Adding another diode return gives
a second stage alarm.
22. Zener barriers
Intrinsic safety solutions
Any interface with parameters
Uo ≤ 28v I o ≤ 93mA P o ≤ 660mW
or for the Diode return channel
Uo ≤ 28v I o ≤ 0mA
23. Isolation interfaces
Intrinsic safety solutions
These are typical system diagrams using isolation interfaces for E2S intrinsically
safe sounders and beacons. The following circuits are for are for illustration only,
installation and details may be omitted for clarity.
Please refer to the relevant certification prior to use. As all E2S sounder and beacons have the
same entity parameters in most circuits different E2S intrinsically safe field apparatus may be
used providing it has the relevant input feature.
Where examples show the IS-mini range a direct replacement can be made using the IS-
A105N and IS-L101L or combination.
24. Isolation interfaces
Intrinsic safety solutions
The simplest installation is with a Single stage alarm with a single channel isolation interface
(Power driver). This is suitable for all E2S Intrinsically safe sounders and beacons.
25. Isolation interfaces
Intrinsic safety solutions
When using isolation interfaces the integrity of the isolation must be maintained so an
intrinsically safe relay is used to switch the second stage alarm.
Although the relay contacts can be treated as simple apparatus, the relay must be certified.
(see list of suggested relays)
27. Isolation interfaces
Intrinsic safety solutions
The sounder and beacon IS-MC1 or the combination of IS-105N and IS-L101 can be powered
with a single channel interface.
30. Isolation interfaces
Intrinsic safety solutions
The combined IS-A105N / IS-L101L has a mute option, adding a switch will mute the alarm.
Depending on the DIP switch settings on the IS-L101 reset occurs:
On alarm condition being removed i.e. power down of IS-L101L or after a dip switch selectable
interval – from 5 seconds to 2 hours.
Note the reset switch does not need to be certified as it is considered to be simple apparatus.
31. Isolation interfaces
Intrinsic safety solutions
Any interface with parameters
Uo ≤ 28v I o ≤ 93mA P o ≤ 660mW
Relays have volt free contacts which can
be treated as Simple Apparatus. However,
the relay must still be certified... e.g.
32. Intrinsic safety solutions
Should you manufacture a suitable Intrinsically safe interface or wish to comment on these applications please
email sales@e2s.com.
References:
EN1127-1 Explosive atmospheres: Explosion prevention and protection
Part 1:Basic concepts and methodology
EN 60079 ELECTRICAL APPARATUS FOR EXPLOSIVE GAS ATMOSPHERES
Part 0 General requirements
Part 14 Installation (and selection) of equipment in hazardous areas
Part 25 Intrinsically safe systems
Suggested reference book on intrinsic safety and hazardous areas Electrical Apparatus and Hazardous
Areas by Robin Garside. 5th Edition 2007 ISBN 978-0-9516848-4-9
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