DVT and Vericose Vein and it causes and treatment
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This document discusses deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and varicose veins. It outlines the causes, risk factors, patterns, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, and treatment options for DVT. It also covers the causes, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment options for varicose veins, including both conservative and active treatments like stripping, laser ablation, and sclerotherapy.
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Cholecystitis refers to inflammation of the gallbladder. The document discusses the causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of cholecystitis. It is most commonly caused by gallstones obstructing the cystic duct. Risk factors include obesity, high cholesterol diet, female gender, and certain medications. Symptoms include pain in the upper right abdomen and nausea. Treatment involves antibiotics for mild cases and surgical removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy) for severe cases.
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Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT)
This is my presentation for my placement purpose. I am uploading it because it may help someone like me... Thank You.
Deep Vein Thrombosis (dvt) by Dr Aftub
Its a elaborate presentation on deep vein thrombosis by surgery resident.
Inform me if any thing needed to be correction.
thank you.
Dr Syed Aftub Uddin, MBBS,CCCD, MS ( Resident)
email: aftub_16@yahoo.com
Vein Disorder
Venous Disorders, varicose vein, chronic venous insufficiency, venous thrombosis, a complete presentation. pdf file
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Varicose Veins
This document discusses varicose veins, including definitions, anatomy, causes, symptoms, examination techniques, and treatment options. Some key points:
- Varicose veins are dilated, tortuous veins, usually in the legs, caused by incompetent valves that allow blood to flow in the wrong direction.
- Annual incidence is about 2% and lifetime prevalence is around 40%, being more common in women.
- Symptoms can include pain, swelling, heaviness, and skin changes like pigmentation.
- Examination involves inspection, palpation, auscultation, and Doppler ultrasound to map veins and locate sites of reflux.
- Treatment options include conservative compression therapy, sclerotherapy
dvt-good.ppt
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot that forms in the deep veins, usually of the legs. Risk factors include prolonged bed rest, surgery, cancer, and inherited or acquired disorders of coagulation. Virchow's triad describes the factors involved - venous stasis, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability. Clinical features include leg pain and swelling. Diagnosis involves D-dimer testing, ultrasound, or venography. Treatment is anticoagulation with heparin or low molecular weight heparin followed by warfarin to prevent pulmonary embolism and post-thrombotic syndrome.
Deep venous thrombosis dvt
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot that forms in the deep veins, usually in the legs. Virchow's triad of venous stasis, hypercoagulability, and endothelial injury can lead to thrombus formation. Risk factors include age, immobilization, surgery, cancer, and genetic factors. Patients may experience pain, swelling, warmth, and tenderness. Diagnosis involves a Wells score, D-dimer test, ultrasound or venography. Treatment is anticoagulation with heparin, low molecular weight heparin, fondaparinux, or warfarin to prevent pulmonary embolism. Long-term anticoagulation and compression stockings can help prevent
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The Ultimate Guide in Setting Up Market Research System in Health-Tech
How to effectively start market research in the health tech industry by defining objectives, crafting problem statements, selecting methods, identifying data collection sources, and setting clear timelines. This guide covers all the preliminary steps needed to lay a strong foundation for your research.
"Market Research it too text-booky, I am in the market for a decade, I am living research book" this is what the founder I met on the event claimed, few of my colleagues rolled their eyes. Its true that one cannot over look the real life experience, but one cannot out beat structured gold mine of market research.
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Competitive Analysis: Analyzed competitors offering similar solutions in healthcare analytics and interoperability. Identified gaps in comprehensive data aggregation, real-time analytics, and actionable insights.
Regulatory Compliance: Ensured their platform complied with HIPAA and other healthcare data privacy regulations. This compliance was crucial to gaining trust from healthcare providers wary of data security issues.
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Basics of Electrocardiogram
CONTENTS
●Conduction System of the Heart
●What is ECG or EKG?
●ECG Leads
●Normal waves of ECG.
●Dimensions of ECG.
● Abnormalities of ECG
CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART
ECG:
●ECG is a graphic record of the electrical activity of the heart.
●Electrical activity precedes the mechanical activity of the heart.
●Electrical activity has two phases:
Depolarization- contraction of muscle
Repolarization- relaxation of muscle
ECG Leads:
●6 Chest leads
●6 Limb leads
1. Bipolar Limb Leads:
Lead 1- Between right arm(-ve) and left arm(+ve)
Lead 2- Between right arm(-ve) and left leg(+ve)
Lead 3- Between left arm(-ve)
and left leg(+ve)
2. Augmented unipolar Limb Leads:
AvR- Right arm
AvL- Left arm
AvF- Left leg
3.Chest Leads:
V1 : Over 4th intercostal
space near right sternal margin
V2: Over 4th intercostal space near left sternal margin
V3:In between V2 and V4
V4:Over left 5th intercostal space on the mid
clavicular line
V5:Over left 5th intercostal space on the anterior
axillary line
V6:Over left 5th intercostal space on the mid
axillary line.
Normal ECG:
Waves of ECG:
P Wave
•P Wave is a positive wave and the first wave in ECG.
•It is also called as atrial complex.
Cause: Atrial depolarisation
Duration: 0.1 sec
QRS Complex:
•QRS’ complex is also called the initial ventricular complex.
•‘Q’ wave is a small negative wave. It is continued as the tall ‘R’ wave, which is a positive wave.
‘R’ wave is followed by a small negative wave, the ‘S’ wave.
Cause:Ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization
Duration: 0.08- 0.10 sec
T Wave:
•‘T’ wave is the final ventricular complex and is a positive wave.
Cause:Ventricular repolarization Duration: 0.2 sec
Intervals and Segments of ECG:
P-R Interval:
•‘P-R’ interval is the interval
between the onset of ‘P’wave and onset of ‘Q’ wave.
•‘P-R’ interval cause atrial depolarization and conduction of impulses through AV node.
Duration:0.18 (0.12 to 0.2) sec
Q-T Interval:
•‘Q-T’ interval is the interval between the onset of ‘Q’
wave and the end of ‘T’ wave.
•‘Q-T’ interval indicates the ventricular depolarization
and ventricular repolarization,
i.e. it signifies the
electrical activity in ventricles.
Duration:0.4-0.42sec
S-T Segment:
•‘S-T’ segment is the time interval between the end of ‘S’ wave and the onset of ‘T’ wave.
Duration: 0.08 sec
R-R Interval:
•‘R-R’ interval is the time interval between two consecutive ‘R’ waves.
•It signifies the duration of one cardiac cycle.
Duration: 0.8 sec
Dimension of ECG:
How to find heart rhytm of the heart?
Regular rhytm:
Irregular rhytm:
More than or less than 4
How to find heart rate using ECG?
If heart Rhytm is Regular :
Heart rate =
300/No.of large b/w 2 QRS complex
= 300/4
=75 beats/mins
How to find heart rate using ECG?
If heart Rhytm is irregular:
Heart rate = 10×No.of QRS complex in 6 sec 5large box = 1sec
5×6=30
10×7 = 70 Beats/min
Abnormalities of ECG:
Cardiac Arrythmias:
1.Tachycardia
Heart Rate more than 100 beats/min
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DVT and Vericose Vein and it causes and treatment
- 1. DVT & VARICOSE VEINS Dr. Shair Muhammad Hazara PhD Public Health (Fellow), MSPH, MSBE, BSN
- 4. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) It is the most common venous disorders result from incompetent valves in the veins and obstruction of venous return to the heart, usually as a result of thrombus.
- 5. ETIOLOGY Venous stasis Vessel wall injury Hypercoagulability
- 6. RISK FACTORS • Older age • Major surgery and orthopedic surgery • Cancers • Immobilization • Pregnancy and the postpartum period
- 7. Cont… • Trauma and minor leg injury • Previous VTE • Oral contraceptives • Hormonal replacement therapy Central venous catheters • Obesity • Infection
- 9. PATTERNS OF DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS Popliteal thrombosis Femoral thrombosis Iliac thrombosis
- 10. Clot formation Clot can enlarged and extend Venous valves are damaged(Inflammatory response) Postphlebitic syndrome
- 11. Cont… Muscle spasm and changes in intravascular pressure Developing thrombus to dislodge & moves towards heart and lungs Obstruct perfusion to the lung segments
- 12. Cont… Pulmonary arteries partially or totally obstructed by embolus Circulation of the lung segment affected Lung may undergo severe infarction with massive tissue destruction
- 13. Clinical manifestations Calf thrombosis • Calf tenderness • Distal swelling Femoral thrombosis • Tenderness & pain in distal thigh & popliteal regions • Swelling • Calf vein thrombosis
- 14. Cont… Iliofemoral thrombosis • Massive swelling • Tenderness & pain in entire extremity Upper extremity thrombosis • Swelling of affected extremity • Dilated superficial veins • Tenderness & pain • Impaired mobility
- 15. Cont… • Local warmth • Mild fever • Possible venous cord in the popliteal area
- 16. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION History collection Physical examination Color flow duplex ultrasound imaging D- Dimer test
- 19. Treatment Goals To prevent propagation of the clot Prevent the development of new thrombi Prevent pulmonary emboli Limit venous valvular damage
- 20. Cont… Bed rest Leg elevation Compression stockings Pharmacological measures
- 21. Cont… Unfractionated heparin • Initial-5000U OR 80U/kg - IV • Followed by maintain the APTT between 1.5 & 2.5 times the control. • It given as 5 to 7 days
- 22. Cont…. LMWH Dosage – 250U/ kg every 12 hours. Eg; enoxaparin, dalteparin. Warfarin Dose of 5 mg per day
- 23. Cont… Thrombolytic therapy Eg;streptokinase, urokinase, recombinant tissue plasminogen(reteplase, alteplase)
- 24. Surgical management Thrombectomy- transvenous filtration device • Greenfield filter • Bird’s nest filter Guidelines for safe practice
- 28. Varicose veins These are swollen,twisted and sometimes painful veins that have filled with an abnormal collection of blood.
- 30. Causes • Hereditary • Thrombophelebitis • Prolonged standing • Obesity & distended belly • Pregnancy
- 31. Cont… • Straining-chronic constipation, urinary retention, chronic cough. • Prior surgery • age
- 32. Pathophysiology Generally blood flow from the superficial veins to the deep veins To the large veins to the heart Venous blood flow work against gravity This is assisted by unidirectional intraluminal valves in the veins
- 33. Cont… Activity causes intermittent compression of the veins by muscles Pressure increases in the vein valves Incompetent valves Valve failure
- 34. Cont…. Veins become swollon and enlarged Become hard & tortuous Feeling of heaviness & pressure
- 35. Clinical manifestations • Aching ,heavy legs • Appearance of spider veins • Ankle swelling • Brownish blue shiny skin discolouration • Redness, dryness, itching of the affected area
- 36. Cont… • Cramps while standing • Bleeding during minor injuries • Hard swollon area • Whitened irregular scar like patches in the ankles.
- 37. Diagnostic evaluation History collection Physical examination Tourniquet test Doppler ultrasound MRI
- 38. TREATMENT Conservative Elevation of legs Regular exercises Compression stockings Anti inflammatory medications
- 39. Cont…. Active Stripping - Removal of all or part of the saphenous vein . Endovascular laser surgery – uses a laser to destroy the veins. Radiofrequency ablation – heat to destroy the affected veins.
- 40. Cont… Ligation – it is usually involved in an incision at the groin .here they tied saphenous vein to the femoral vein just at the entrance of the incision.
- 42. Laser therapy
- 43. Ablation therapy
- 44. Non surgical Sclerotherapy - Injecting the chemical inside the vein . Sclerosant agent-polidocanal, sclerodex. Lasers – it is used in case of small veins with vacosity.
- 45. Sclerotherapy
- 47. Complications Varicose ulsers Severe bleeding Acute necrosis