It is best for care of shock patient

1. Shock
Muhammad Mubashar

2. Shock
• Shock is a life-threatening condition in which
blood flow to the organs is low, decreasing
delivery of oxygen and thus causing organ
damage and sometimes death. Blood pressure
is usually low.

3. Causes
• Low blood volume.
• Inadequate pumping action in your heart.
• Excessive widening (dilation) of your blood vessels.
• Certain medications that reduce heart function.
• Damage to your nervous system.
• severe allergic reaction
• significant blood loss
• heart failure
• blood infections
• dehydration
• poisoning
• burns

4. Signs and symptoms
• rapid, weak, or absent pulse
• irregular heartbeat
• rapid, shallow breathing
• lightheadedness
• cool, clammy skin
• dilated pupils
• lackluster eyes
• chest pain
• nausea
• confusion
• anxiety
• decrease in urine
• thirst and dry mouth
• low blood sugar
• loss of consciousness

5. Types
• Hypovolemic
• Cardiogenic
• Obstructive
• Distributive

6. Hypovolemic shock
• Hypovolemic shock occurs due to low blood volume. Low
blood volume means the amount of blood entering your
heart with every heartbeat is lower than normal. So, the
amount of blood pumped out to your body is lower than
normal. Hypovolemic shock may be caused by:
• Excessive external bleeding due to cuts or other injuries.
• Severe internal bleeding due to an ulcer, a ruptured blood
vessel or a ruptured pregnancy outside of your uterus
(ectopic pregnancy).
• Loss of other bodily fluids due to major burns,
inflammation of your pancreas (pancreatitis), a hole in your
intestinal wall, severe vomiting or diarrhea, certain kidney
disorders, excessive use of diuretics (medications that rid
your body of salt and water) or untreated diabetes.
• Severe dehydration.

7. Cardiogenic shock
• Cardiogenic shock occurs when damage to your
heart leaves it unable to pump as much blood as
your body needs. The most common causes of
carcinogenic shock include:
• Heart attack (myocardial infarction).
• Malfunction of a heart valve.
• Abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia).
• Heart muscle rupture or infection (myocarditis).
• Heart valve tear or infection (endocarditic).

8. Obstructive shock
Obstructive shock occurs when blood can’t get where it
needs to go. A pulmonary embolism is one condition that
may cause an interruption to blood flow. Conditions that
can cause a buildup of air or fluid in the chest cavity can
also lead to obstructive shock. These include:
pneumothorax(collapsed lung)
hemothorax (blood collects in the space between the chest
wall and lung)
cardiac tamponade (blood or fluids fill the space between
the sac that surrounds the heart and the heart muscle)

9. Distributive shock
• Distributive shock occurs due to excessive widening
(dilation) of your blood vessels. When this happens, your
blood pressure lowers and your organs don’t receive enough
blood flow and oxygen. There are several types of
distributive shock. These include:
• Anaphylactic shock: Occurs due to a severe allergic
reaction (anaphylaxis).
• Septic shock: Occurs due to a severe bacterial infection in
your bloodstream.
• Neurogenic shock: Occurs due to damage to your nervous
system, caused by a spinal cord injury.
• Distributive shock may also occur due to drug overdoses,
brain injuries and certain endocrine disorders (such
as Addison’s disease).

10. Management
• 1. Lay the Person Down, if Possible
Elevate the person's feet about 12 inches unless head, neck, or
back is injured or you suspect broken hip or leg bones.
Do not raise the person's head.
Turn the person on side if they are vomiting or bleeding from
the mouth.
• 2. Begin CPR, if Necessary
If the person is not breathing or breathing seems dangerously
weak:
For a child, start CPR for children.
For an adult, start adult CPR.
Continue CPR until help arrives or the person wakes up.

11. Cont…
• 3. Treat Obvious Injuries
Treat the major traumas
• 4. Keep Person Warm and Comfortable
Loosen restrictive clothing.
Cover with a coat or blanket.
Keep the person still. Do not move the person unless there is danger.
Reassure the person.
Do not give anything to eat or drink.
• 5. Follow Up
At the hospital, the person will be given oxygen and intravenous fluids.
Blood test, urine tests, heart test and x-rays and/or CT scans may be done.
Other treatment will depend on the cause of shock.