This document discusses the components of drip and sprinkler irrigation systems. It describes that drip irrigation applies water at a low rate directly to plant roots through tubes and hoses with emitters. The main components are a pumping set, filters to remove impurities, main and sub main pipes to distribute water, and laterals that connect to emitters. For sprinkler irrigation, components include a pump, main water lines, sub mains and laterals, and sprinkler heads that spray water into the air simulating rain. Sprinkler heads can be rotating, fixed, or perforated, and operate at low, intermediate, or high pressures. The objective is to study and understand the different parts of these irrigation systems.

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Fundamentals of Soil and Water Conservation
Engineering
(AGL308)
Mr. Rohitashv Nagar
Assistant Professor
Department of Agronomy
School of Agricultural Sciences
Career Point University, Kota (Raj.)

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Exercise -3
Study of different components of drip and sprinkler
irrigation system

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Objective: To Study of different components of drip and sprinkler
irrigation system.
● Drip Irrigation:Irrigation method that applies water to plants at a
very low rate of application and without any pressure.
● The concept of the system is to target the roots of the crop rather
than the entire land area the crops cover.
● Water is able to reach the deepest roots of the crop through
capillaries and gravity.

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Drip Irrigation System Components
● Pumping set:
o Generates pressure to control the amount of water supplied
● Filters:
o Removes the impurities in the water

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● Main Lines:
o This is the distribution system for drip irrigation.
o PVC pipes and polyethylene pipes used in the system.
o Pipes generally 65 mm in radius.
● Sub Main:
o Connected to main line through a control valve.
o Distributes the water laterally through the field.

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Sprinkle irrigation system: Sprinkler irrigation is a method of
applying irrigation water which is similar to natural rainfall. Water
is distributed through a system of pipes usually by pumping. It is
then sprayed into the air through sprinklers so that it breaks up into
small water drops which fall to the ground.

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1. Prime mover/pump suction pipe, foot value:
• Pumping sets or pump is required for lifting water from the source
and push it through distribution system i.e. main, sub main, laterals
and finally through the sprinkler head under sufficient pressure.
• The pumping set consists of a centrifugal pump (volume) or turbine
type pump with a driving unit suction line and a foot value.
Centrifugal pump are generally used where the lift is less than 5m
i.e. when source is river, shallow well etc. for higher lift or if water
level fluctuates widely turbine pumps are recommended.

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2. Main line:
• It carries water from the source (pumping unit) to the various parts in
the field. It may fixed or portable. Permanent lines are generally
buried below the working depth inside the ground. Light weight
aluminum pipe with quick couples are preferred for portable lines
something HDPF (high density pipes are also preferred because of
its longer life. The fixed are generally of steel pipe or PVC pipe of
suitable diameter). Te or L section is provided to connect the main
with sub main or lateral.

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3. Sub main:
• It carries water from main to lateral lines.
4. Lateral Lines:
• It carries water from main or sub main pipe line to the sprinkler head
through the rise pipe. They are portable and equipped with quick
coupling devices. Commonly they are available in 5,6 or 12 m length
are provided with U shaped rubber gasket in the female portion of
coupling. The water pressure forces outside of ‘U’ gaskets to form
water seal when the water is turned off the seal is broken and water is
drained out from the pipe making it easy to uncouple and more.

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• Sprinkler head:
• Sprinkler heads are used for spraying water on the fields they may be-
a) Rotating Head
b) Fixed head Type
c) Perforated Type
• Fixed Head Type: Used in landscape
• Sprinkler lead can be classified on basis of pressure
1) Low operating pressure sprinkler (1.5 to 2.5kg/cm2)
2) Intermediate pressure sprinkler (2.5 to 5kg/cm2)
3) High pressure sprinkler (5 to 10kg/cm2)

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