The document details various water distribution systems, describing their components, layout types, and requirements for efficiency and water quality. It outlines four main layout types: dead end, grid iron, ring, and radial systems, each with its advantages and disadvantages in terms of maintenance and efficiency. A good distribution system should ensure consistent water quality, adequate pressure during emergencies, and minimal disruption during repairs.

1. Water distribution system
By
Mr. Ravi Kumar GARRE

2. Distribution system

3. Distribution system
• Distribution system is the part of the water works
which receives the water from pumping station or from
conduits and delivers it throughout the community.
• It includes:
1. Reservoirs for purposes of storage
2. Equalizing pressures
3. Pipe lines
4. Other appurtenances
• Distribution system is used to describe collectively the
facilities used to supply water from its source to the
point of usage.

4. Requirements of good distribution
system
• Water quality should not get disturbed in the
distribution pipes.
• It should be capable of supplying water at all
the intended places with sufficient pressure
head.
• It should be capable of supplying requisite
amount of water during fire fighting.

5. Requirements of good distribution
system
• The layout should be such that no consumer
would be without water supply, during the
repair of any section of them.
• All the distribution pipes should be preferably
laid one metre away or above the sewer lines.
• It should be fairly water-tight as to keep losses
due to leakage to minimum.

6. • Distribution pipes are generally laid below the
road pavements, and as such layouts generally
follow the layouts of roads.
• There are four different types of layouts:
1. Dead end system
2. Grid iron system
3. Circle or ring system
4. Radial system
Layouts of distribution system

7. Dead end system
It is suitable for old towns and cities
having no definite pattern of roads.

8. Dead end system
• Dead system comprises a
supply main starting from
the service reservoir and
laid along the main road,
with sub-mains running at
right angles to it in both
directions and laid along
other roads joining the
main road.
• Across the sub-mains run
the minor distributors or
branches, laid along the
streets and connecting
buildings and houses.

9. Dead end system
Advantages:
• It is relatively cheap
• Easy determinations of discharge and pressure at
any point in the system.
Disadvantages:
• Due to many dead ends stagnation of water
occurs in pipes.
• When repair have to be made at any part of the
system, large portion of the community may be
struggled.

10. Grid iron system
It is suitable for cities with rectangular
layout, where the water mains and
branches are laid in rectangles.

11. Grid iron system
• It is an improvement over
the dead end system.
• Here no dead ends, so
water can circulates freely
throughout the system.
• Mains running on main
roads in one direction and
sub-mains also running
alike on minor roads and
streets.

12. Grid iron system
Advantages:
• Water kept in good circulation due to absence of
dead ends.
• In the case of break down in some section, water
is available from some other direction.
Disadvantages:
• Provision of large number of joints.
• Exact calculation of sizes of pipes is not possible
due to provision of valves on all branches.

13. Ring system
This consists of cutting the entire community
in to circular rectangular blocks. Looks like
grid iron system due to no dead ends.

14. Ring system
• The determination of
discharge and size of
pipe are easy.
• Water can be supplied
to any point from at
least two directions.
• This shows that this
system possesses the
advantages of both of
the previous sysems.

15. Radial system
This system is reverse of the ring
system, water flowing towards outer
periphery instead of from it.

16. Radial system
• The area divided into
different zones.
• The water is pumped
into distribution
reservoir kept in the
middle of the each
zone.
• The supply pipes are
laid radially ending
towards the periphery.

17. Radial system
Advantages:
• It gives quick service.
• Calculation of pipe size
is easy.