This document discusses different types of water distribution system layouts, including dead end, grid-iron, ring, and radial systems. It also describes the advantages and disadvantages of each system. Storage reservoirs are discussed, including their functions of absorbing demand variations, maintaining pressure, and providing emergency supply. Surface and elevated reservoirs are compared, with elevated reservoirs being more efficient but also more expensive.

1. DEEPAK
KU.HANSDAH
211020073
B.PLANNING
2ND YEAR,3RD SEM

2. DIFFERENT
TYPES OF
DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM LAY
OUT
 DEAD END SYSTEM
 GRID-IRON SYSTEM
 RING SYSTEM
 RADIAL SYSTEM

3. ADVANTAGES:
 Distribution network can be
solved easily.
 Possible to easily and accurately
calculate the discharge and
pressures at different points.
 Shorter pipe lengths are
needed, and the laying of pipes
is easier . less no of cut off valve
required.
 It is cheap and simple, and can
be extended easily.
DISADVANTAGES:
 Water can reach a particular
point only through one way
.This may cause big problem by
the time of fire.
 If damage occurs in a main pipe
or in sub- main
pipe, considerable area may get
affected.
 There are numerous dead ends
in this system, which prevent
the free circulation of water.
This stagnation of water may
lead to the degradation in its
quality.
 By providing scour valves at
each dead end, this stale water
can be remove, this will result
in a greater wastage of treated
water.

4. SLUICE VALVE SCOUR VALVE
The sluice valve, also
known as gate These valves are
valve, that opens by used to clean the
lifting a round or pipe line.
rectangular
gate/wedge out of
the path of the fluid.

5. • This system is more
suitable for well planned
towns and cities
• Water can reaches at
different places through
more than one route.
• In case of repairs, very
small area will be devoid
of complete supply or
water can be supply
through other route.
• Because of the different
inter-connections , the
dead ends are completely
eliminated.
• During fire ,more water
can be diverted towards
the affected points
DISADVANTAGES:
• This system requires more
length of pipe lines and a
larger no of sluice valves.
• Its construction is costlier.
The calculating for
detailed mining accurately
the sizes of the pipes and
pressures at various key
point

6. • This system is also
called circular
system.
• The distribution
area is divided into
rectangular or
circular blocks
, and the main
water pipes are
laid on the
periphery of these
blocks .
• The sub mains
lines are placed in
between the main
lines
• The ring system is
very suitable for
towns and cities
having well
planned roads

7. • If a city or town is
having a system of
radial roads
emerging from
different
centers, the pipe
lines can be best
laid in a radial
method by placing
the distribution
reservoirs at these
centers.
• In this
system, water , is
therefore, taken
from the water
mains, and pumped
in to the
distribution
reservoirs placed at
different centers .
The water is then
supplied through
radially laid
distribution
• This method
ensures high
pressures and
efficient water
distribution.

8. STORAGE RESERVOIR
• ABSORB THE HOURLY VARIATION IN
FUNCTION DEMAND
OF STORAGE • MAINTAINES CONSTANT PRESSURE
RESERVOIR • SUPPLY WATER IN EMERGENCIES
• LEAD TO AN OVER ALL ECONOMY
• SURFACE RESERVOIRS
• ELEVATED
DISTRIBUTION
RESERVOIRS
OF RESERVOIR
( DEPENDING UPON THEIR
ELEVATION WITH RESPECT
TO THE GROUND)

9. SURFACE RESERVOIRS
ELEVATED RESERVOIRS
 CONSTRUCTED AT  CONSTRUCTED
GROUND LEVEL OR ABOVE THE
BELOW THE GROUND GROUND LEVEL
LEVEL.  THESE OVER HEAD
 GENERALLY TANKS ERECTED AT
CONSTUCTED AT A CERTAIN SUITABLE
HIGH POINTS IN THE ELEVATION ABOVE
CITY THE GROUND LEVEL
 MAINLY BASED ON AND SUPPORTED ON
GRAVITATIONAL TOWERS.
SYSTEM.  BASED ON
 CHEAP BUT NOT AS COMBINED GRAVITY
GOOD AS ELEVATED AND PUMPING
RESERVOIRS SYSTEM.
 CHEAP, EFFICIENT
AND RLIABLE