The document discusses DNA replication. It states that the DNA helicase splits apart the lagging and leading strands. Then, an identical strand of DNA forms on each side, doubling the amount of DNA.
This document provides an overview of genetics, DNA, and heredity. It defines key terms like DNA, genes, traits, and mutations. It describes the structure and shape of DNA, including the double helix structure and nitrogenous base pairs. The document explains how DNA is replicated and how genetic information is passed from parents to offspring through sexual and asexual reproduction. It also discusses how DNA directs protein production and how mutations can occur and affect organisms.
Chromatin, which contains DNA and proteins, is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Histone proteins help package DNA into chromatin and condense it further into chromosomes during cell division. DNA is a double-stranded polymer composed of nucleotides containing a sugar, phosphate, and one of four nitrogenous bases. It forms the twisted ladder-shaped structure known as a double helix and carries the genetic instructions that are passed from parents to offspring. DNA replication is the process where DNA copies itself before cell division, involving unwinding of the DNA strands, formation of a replication fork, and synthesis of new strands along the original templates.
DNA replication involves unwinding the DNA double helix into single strands. Each single strand then serves as a template for new DNA synthesis. Enzymes such as helicase unwind the DNA and DNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides to each new strand, resulting in two identical copies of the original DNA. There are proofreading enzymes that check the newly synthesized DNA for errors and repair mechanisms that help prevent mutations from environmental damage.
The document discusses the history of discoveries that led to determining the structure of DNA. It describes Griffith's experiments in the 1920s showing bacteria could be transformed, suggesting DNA carries genetic information. Avery later showed DNA was the molecule responsible for transformation. Chargaff discovered rules for base pairing in DNA. Rosalind Franklin's X-ray crystallography photos, especially Photo 51, provided data like DNA being a double helix that Watson and Crick used to model the DNA structure in 1953, with two strands coiled around each other and bases on each strand complementary and bonded to the other.
This power point presentation explains double helical structure of DNA as proposed by Watson and Crick (1953).Attempts have also been made to high light the valuable contributions made by Rosalind Franklin and Wilkins. Brief details of different types of DNA have also been included.
Human genetics, dna replication, protein synthesis, mutationsMaria Donohue
Here are the key types of point mutations:
- Base substitution: Replacement of one base or nucleotide with another. This can sometimes cause a change in the protein made.
- Silent mutation: A base substitution that does not cause a change in the protein expressed by a gene, such as when different codons code for the same amino acid.
- Missense mutation: A base substitution that results in a different amino acid being incorporated into the protein. This often impairs the protein's function.
- Nonsense mutation: A base substitution that creates a stop codon, causing premature termination of protein synthesis. This usually results in a nonfunctional protein.
So in summary, point mutations are single base changes that
In this PPT you will know about the basic information about GENES and DNA. If you want to discover more then please read - "Molecular Biology of the Gene" by Dr. James Watson.
For joining my WhatsApp Group related to the preparation of GPAT/CSIR UGC NET/GATE/Ph.D. Entrances, contact me - 8650679348
This document provides an overview of genetics, DNA, and heredity. It defines key terms like DNA, genes, traits, and mutations. It describes the structure and shape of DNA, including the double helix structure and nitrogenous base pairs. The document explains how DNA is replicated and how genetic information is passed from parents to offspring through sexual and asexual reproduction. It also discusses how DNA directs protein production and how mutations can occur and affect organisms.
Chromatin, which contains DNA and proteins, is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Histone proteins help package DNA into chromatin and condense it further into chromosomes during cell division. DNA is a double-stranded polymer composed of nucleotides containing a sugar, phosphate, and one of four nitrogenous bases. It forms the twisted ladder-shaped structure known as a double helix and carries the genetic instructions that are passed from parents to offspring. DNA replication is the process where DNA copies itself before cell division, involving unwinding of the DNA strands, formation of a replication fork, and synthesis of new strands along the original templates.
DNA replication involves unwinding the DNA double helix into single strands. Each single strand then serves as a template for new DNA synthesis. Enzymes such as helicase unwind the DNA and DNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides to each new strand, resulting in two identical copies of the original DNA. There are proofreading enzymes that check the newly synthesized DNA for errors and repair mechanisms that help prevent mutations from environmental damage.
The document discusses the history of discoveries that led to determining the structure of DNA. It describes Griffith's experiments in the 1920s showing bacteria could be transformed, suggesting DNA carries genetic information. Avery later showed DNA was the molecule responsible for transformation. Chargaff discovered rules for base pairing in DNA. Rosalind Franklin's X-ray crystallography photos, especially Photo 51, provided data like DNA being a double helix that Watson and Crick used to model the DNA structure in 1953, with two strands coiled around each other and bases on each strand complementary and bonded to the other.
This power point presentation explains double helical structure of DNA as proposed by Watson and Crick (1953).Attempts have also been made to high light the valuable contributions made by Rosalind Franklin and Wilkins. Brief details of different types of DNA have also been included.
Human genetics, dna replication, protein synthesis, mutationsMaria Donohue
Here are the key types of point mutations:
- Base substitution: Replacement of one base or nucleotide with another. This can sometimes cause a change in the protein made.
- Silent mutation: A base substitution that does not cause a change in the protein expressed by a gene, such as when different codons code for the same amino acid.
- Missense mutation: A base substitution that results in a different amino acid being incorporated into the protein. This often impairs the protein's function.
- Nonsense mutation: A base substitution that creates a stop codon, causing premature termination of protein synthesis. This usually results in a nonfunctional protein.
So in summary, point mutations are single base changes that
In this PPT you will know about the basic information about GENES and DNA. If you want to discover more then please read - "Molecular Biology of the Gene" by Dr. James Watson.
For joining my WhatsApp Group related to the preparation of GPAT/CSIR UGC NET/GATE/Ph.D. Entrances, contact me - 8650679348
This document discusses cell reproduction and DNA replication. It begins by explaining the reasons cells divide, including growth, repair, and reproduction. It then describes asexual and sexual reproduction, noting their advantages and disadvantages. The document explains that DNA replication must occur before cell division to provide each new cell with a full set of chromosomes. It outlines the three main steps of DNA replication: unzipping, base pairing, and producing two new DNA molecules. Finally, it briefly discusses mitosis and has students assess their understanding through a self-assessment chart.
This document provides a 15 question quiz about DNA and genetics. It tests knowledge about the structure of DNA, including that it is made up of deoxyribonucleic acid, contains the sugar deoxyribose, and has paired bases of adenine-thymine and cytosine-guanine. It also covers topics like mutations, the double helix shape, differences between DNA and RNA like RNA containing ribose not deoxyribose, and that Watson and Crick discovered the structure of DNA. The quiz concludes that small amounts of DNA can also be found in mitochondria in addition to the nucleus.
DNA contains all of an organism's genetic information and is found in the cells of all living things. DNA is made up of long chains of nucleotides, which consist of a sugar, phosphate, and one of four nitrogen-containing bases. The order of these bases in the DNA determines an organism's traits by encoding genes. James Watson and Francis Crick discovered that DNA exists as a double helix structure, with the bases pairing together in a complementary way between chains.
This document provides information about DNA, including its structure and function. It discusses that DNA contains genes which provide instructions passed down from parents and encoded in chromosomes. The key discoveries are outlined, including that DNA was shown to be made of nucleotides through the work of scientists like Hershey and Chase, and the double helix structure of DNA was elucidated by Watson and Crick based on Rosalind Franklin's X-ray images. Applications of DNA knowledge like cloning, creating transgenic organisms, and using recombinant bacteria are also summarized.
DNA is composed of nucleotides, each containing a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. The two types of pentose sugars are deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA. There are two types of nitrogenous bases - purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (cytosine, thymine, and in RNA, uracil). Watson and Crick proposed that DNA exists as a double helix with the bases pairing together between the two anti-parallel strands - adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine. The structure allows DNA to self-replicate and transmit genetic information to daughter cells during cell division.
“This structure has novel features which are of considerable biological interest.”
This may be the science most famous statement, which appeared in April 1953 in the scientific paper where James Watson and Francis Crick presented the structure of the DNA-helix.
“It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material."
The document discusses several key facts about DNA:
- DNA can store vast amounts of information in a very small space within cells. The DNA in a single human could stretch to the sun and back over 600,000 times.
- While DNA is 99.9% identical between all humans, the 0.1% difference results in our unique characteristics. This difference amounts to around 3 million nucleotides.
- DNA is a highly efficient storage system, able to hold 25 gigabytes of data per inch. This shows DNA is more advanced than computer storage technologies.
- DNA replication allows DNA to make copies of itself in a semi-conservative process where the original strands remain intact and act as templates for new strands.
DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an identical copy of its DNA. It involves unwinding the DNA double helix at a replication fork and using each original strand as a template to build new partner strands through base pairing. The leading strand is continuously synthesized toward the replication fork, while the lagging strand is synthesized in fragments that are later joined together by ligase enzymes. This ensures each daughter cell inherits an identical copy of the original DNA sequence.
DNA replication makes copies of DNA and is essential for cell division. It occurs through a semi-conservative process where the double helix structure of DNA unwinds and each strand serves as a template for a new complementary strand. This results in two new DNA molecules that each contain one original strand and one newly synthesized strand. Key enzymes like helicase and DNA polymerase facilitate accurate copying of the genetic material according to the base pairing rules to ensure each cell receives an identical copy of the DNA blueprint.
The document provides information about DNA and genetics. It defines DNA as containing the genetic instructions for making proteins. It describes the double helix shape of DNA and its four nitrogen bases that bond together. It explains how DNA is replicated and how genes are located on chromosomes. It also discusses transcription and translation, the process by which DNA is used to make proteins with the help of RNA and RNA polymerase. The summary reviews the key topics covered in the document about DNA, genes, and protein synthesis.
This document discusses what was known about DNA in the early 1950s and the discovery of its structure. It was known that DNA contained phosphorus, deoxyribose sugar, and the nitrogen bases adenine, guanine, thymine and cytosine. Researchers like Wilkins, Franklin, Watson, and Crick were studying DNA and proposed the double helix structure based on Franklin's X-ray diffraction images, with complementary base pairing of A-T and C-G. This double helix model explained DNA's structure and how it replicates.
DNA replicates before cell division to ensure each new cell receives a full copy of the genome. DNA replication is semi-conservative, whereby each new DNA double helix contains one original strand and one newly synthesized complementary strand. It begins at the origin of replication, where the DNA unwinds and replication forks form. New strands grow from the forks in the 5' to 3' direction as DNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides. The lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in short Okazaki fragments that are later joined together. Enzymes such as helicase, DNA polymerase, primase, and ligase facilitate replication with high fidelity despite DNA's immense length.
Friedrich Miescher was the first to isolate DNA in 1869 while studying proteins in white blood cells. Later researchers like Griffith, Avery, and McClintock helped establish that DNA carries genetic information and is responsible for traits. Chargaff discovered DNA has equal amounts of A=T and C=G, hinting at its structure. Franklin's X-ray images and Watson and Crick's model showed DNA is a double helix. DNA replication ensures each cell receives an identical copy of the genetic material.
The document discusses DNA denaturation and renaturation, including:
- Denaturation involves unwinding the DNA double helix into single strands through heating or chemical treatment, disrupting hydrogen bonds between base pairs. This increases UV absorption.
- Renaturation is the spontaneous rewinding of single strands back into the original double helix structure when denaturing conditions are removed, through base pairing of complementary strands.
- C0t curves plot the fraction of single strands renatured versus the product of DNA concentration and time, and can indicate the complexity and size of the original DNA sample based on renaturation rates. More complex DNA with more dissimilar sequences takes longer to renature
The major scientific achievements of the 20th century was discovering that genetic information is coded in DNA, a polymeric molecule composed of four nucleotide units. DNA is organized into genes, which are the basic units of heredity. Knowledge of DNA and RNA structure and function is essential for understanding genetics, disease pathogenesis, and the genetic basis of disease. In 1953, Watson and Crick described the double helix structure of DNA based on Rosalind Franklin's X-ray crystallography photo, revealing how nucleotides on two intertwined DNA strands are paired through hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.
The document discusses the structure and replication of DNA. It begins by explaining that DNA is a double helix composed of four nucleotide bases - adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. The bases bond together in a complementary pairing between A-T and C-G. Replication of DNA involves unwinding the double helix and using enzymes to stitch new strands together. The document then describes how DNA is transcribed into RNA and translated into proteins, with mRNA carrying the genetic code from DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm to be decoded by ribosomes.
DNA controls heredity and protein synthesis. It is made up of two strands coiled around each other. Each strand contains nucleotides with one of four nitrogen bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine). The bases bond the strands together, with adenine bonding to thymine and guanine bonding to cytosine. DNA replicates through a semi-conservative process where the strands separate and each acts as a template for a new complementary strand. Enzymes such as helicase, DNA polymerase and ligase facilitate replication.
DNA replication is a semiconservative process. It means that each strand acts as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand. Therefore, this process takes us from one parent molecule to two daughter molecules, with each newly formed double helix containing one new and one old strand.
The document discusses DNA replication. It describes early experiments that showed DNA carries genetic information, such as the Avery-MacLeod-McCarty experiment. It also describes Chargaff's rules about DNA base composition and the Watson and Crick model of the DNA double helix structure. The process of DNA replication is then explained, including semi-conservative replication, the role of enzymes like DNA polymerase and helicase, and leading and lagging strand synthesis.
DNA replication is the process where DNA duplicates itself during cell division. It involves unwinding the double-stranded DNA at the origin of replication using the enzyme helicase. Single-strand binding proteins then stabilize the separated strands. DNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides to each exposed strand in different ways, continuously for the leading strand but discontinuously in fragments called Okazaki fragments for the lagging strand.
DNA structure, history , definition and double helix modelAnumoluRamyasri
This document discusses the structure and types of DNA. It begins by covering the basic topics of DNA structure, including the double helix model. It then provides more details on the history of DNA discovery. The main components of DNA structure are described, including nucleotides, sugar-phosphate backbones, and nitrogen base pairs. Finally, the document outlines the different conformations of DNA including A-DNA, B-DNA, Z-DNA, and others.
This document discusses cell reproduction and DNA replication. It begins by explaining the reasons cells divide, including growth, repair, and reproduction. It then describes asexual and sexual reproduction, noting their advantages and disadvantages. The document explains that DNA replication must occur before cell division to provide each new cell with a full set of chromosomes. It outlines the three main steps of DNA replication: unzipping, base pairing, and producing two new DNA molecules. Finally, it briefly discusses mitosis and has students assess their understanding through a self-assessment chart.
This document provides a 15 question quiz about DNA and genetics. It tests knowledge about the structure of DNA, including that it is made up of deoxyribonucleic acid, contains the sugar deoxyribose, and has paired bases of adenine-thymine and cytosine-guanine. It also covers topics like mutations, the double helix shape, differences between DNA and RNA like RNA containing ribose not deoxyribose, and that Watson and Crick discovered the structure of DNA. The quiz concludes that small amounts of DNA can also be found in mitochondria in addition to the nucleus.
DNA contains all of an organism's genetic information and is found in the cells of all living things. DNA is made up of long chains of nucleotides, which consist of a sugar, phosphate, and one of four nitrogen-containing bases. The order of these bases in the DNA determines an organism's traits by encoding genes. James Watson and Francis Crick discovered that DNA exists as a double helix structure, with the bases pairing together in a complementary way between chains.
This document provides information about DNA, including its structure and function. It discusses that DNA contains genes which provide instructions passed down from parents and encoded in chromosomes. The key discoveries are outlined, including that DNA was shown to be made of nucleotides through the work of scientists like Hershey and Chase, and the double helix structure of DNA was elucidated by Watson and Crick based on Rosalind Franklin's X-ray images. Applications of DNA knowledge like cloning, creating transgenic organisms, and using recombinant bacteria are also summarized.
DNA is composed of nucleotides, each containing a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. The two types of pentose sugars are deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA. There are two types of nitrogenous bases - purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (cytosine, thymine, and in RNA, uracil). Watson and Crick proposed that DNA exists as a double helix with the bases pairing together between the two anti-parallel strands - adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine. The structure allows DNA to self-replicate and transmit genetic information to daughter cells during cell division.
“This structure has novel features which are of considerable biological interest.”
This may be the science most famous statement, which appeared in April 1953 in the scientific paper where James Watson and Francis Crick presented the structure of the DNA-helix.
“It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material."
The document discusses several key facts about DNA:
- DNA can store vast amounts of information in a very small space within cells. The DNA in a single human could stretch to the sun and back over 600,000 times.
- While DNA is 99.9% identical between all humans, the 0.1% difference results in our unique characteristics. This difference amounts to around 3 million nucleotides.
- DNA is a highly efficient storage system, able to hold 25 gigabytes of data per inch. This shows DNA is more advanced than computer storage technologies.
- DNA replication allows DNA to make copies of itself in a semi-conservative process where the original strands remain intact and act as templates for new strands.
DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an identical copy of its DNA. It involves unwinding the DNA double helix at a replication fork and using each original strand as a template to build new partner strands through base pairing. The leading strand is continuously synthesized toward the replication fork, while the lagging strand is synthesized in fragments that are later joined together by ligase enzymes. This ensures each daughter cell inherits an identical copy of the original DNA sequence.
DNA replication makes copies of DNA and is essential for cell division. It occurs through a semi-conservative process where the double helix structure of DNA unwinds and each strand serves as a template for a new complementary strand. This results in two new DNA molecules that each contain one original strand and one newly synthesized strand. Key enzymes like helicase and DNA polymerase facilitate accurate copying of the genetic material according to the base pairing rules to ensure each cell receives an identical copy of the DNA blueprint.
The document provides information about DNA and genetics. It defines DNA as containing the genetic instructions for making proteins. It describes the double helix shape of DNA and its four nitrogen bases that bond together. It explains how DNA is replicated and how genes are located on chromosomes. It also discusses transcription and translation, the process by which DNA is used to make proteins with the help of RNA and RNA polymerase. The summary reviews the key topics covered in the document about DNA, genes, and protein synthesis.
This document discusses what was known about DNA in the early 1950s and the discovery of its structure. It was known that DNA contained phosphorus, deoxyribose sugar, and the nitrogen bases adenine, guanine, thymine and cytosine. Researchers like Wilkins, Franklin, Watson, and Crick were studying DNA and proposed the double helix structure based on Franklin's X-ray diffraction images, with complementary base pairing of A-T and C-G. This double helix model explained DNA's structure and how it replicates.
DNA replicates before cell division to ensure each new cell receives a full copy of the genome. DNA replication is semi-conservative, whereby each new DNA double helix contains one original strand and one newly synthesized complementary strand. It begins at the origin of replication, where the DNA unwinds and replication forks form. New strands grow from the forks in the 5' to 3' direction as DNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides. The lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in short Okazaki fragments that are later joined together. Enzymes such as helicase, DNA polymerase, primase, and ligase facilitate replication with high fidelity despite DNA's immense length.
Friedrich Miescher was the first to isolate DNA in 1869 while studying proteins in white blood cells. Later researchers like Griffith, Avery, and McClintock helped establish that DNA carries genetic information and is responsible for traits. Chargaff discovered DNA has equal amounts of A=T and C=G, hinting at its structure. Franklin's X-ray images and Watson and Crick's model showed DNA is a double helix. DNA replication ensures each cell receives an identical copy of the genetic material.
The document discusses DNA denaturation and renaturation, including:
- Denaturation involves unwinding the DNA double helix into single strands through heating or chemical treatment, disrupting hydrogen bonds between base pairs. This increases UV absorption.
- Renaturation is the spontaneous rewinding of single strands back into the original double helix structure when denaturing conditions are removed, through base pairing of complementary strands.
- C0t curves plot the fraction of single strands renatured versus the product of DNA concentration and time, and can indicate the complexity and size of the original DNA sample based on renaturation rates. More complex DNA with more dissimilar sequences takes longer to renature
The major scientific achievements of the 20th century was discovering that genetic information is coded in DNA, a polymeric molecule composed of four nucleotide units. DNA is organized into genes, which are the basic units of heredity. Knowledge of DNA and RNA structure and function is essential for understanding genetics, disease pathogenesis, and the genetic basis of disease. In 1953, Watson and Crick described the double helix structure of DNA based on Rosalind Franklin's X-ray crystallography photo, revealing how nucleotides on two intertwined DNA strands are paired through hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.
The document discusses the structure and replication of DNA. It begins by explaining that DNA is a double helix composed of four nucleotide bases - adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. The bases bond together in a complementary pairing between A-T and C-G. Replication of DNA involves unwinding the double helix and using enzymes to stitch new strands together. The document then describes how DNA is transcribed into RNA and translated into proteins, with mRNA carrying the genetic code from DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm to be decoded by ribosomes.
DNA controls heredity and protein synthesis. It is made up of two strands coiled around each other. Each strand contains nucleotides with one of four nitrogen bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine). The bases bond the strands together, with adenine bonding to thymine and guanine bonding to cytosine. DNA replicates through a semi-conservative process where the strands separate and each acts as a template for a new complementary strand. Enzymes such as helicase, DNA polymerase and ligase facilitate replication.
DNA replication is a semiconservative process. It means that each strand acts as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand. Therefore, this process takes us from one parent molecule to two daughter molecules, with each newly formed double helix containing one new and one old strand.
The document discusses DNA replication. It describes early experiments that showed DNA carries genetic information, such as the Avery-MacLeod-McCarty experiment. It also describes Chargaff's rules about DNA base composition and the Watson and Crick model of the DNA double helix structure. The process of DNA replication is then explained, including semi-conservative replication, the role of enzymes like DNA polymerase and helicase, and leading and lagging strand synthesis.
DNA replication is the process where DNA duplicates itself during cell division. It involves unwinding the double-stranded DNA at the origin of replication using the enzyme helicase. Single-strand binding proteins then stabilize the separated strands. DNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides to each exposed strand in different ways, continuously for the leading strand but discontinuously in fragments called Okazaki fragments for the lagging strand.
DNA structure, history , definition and double helix modelAnumoluRamyasri
This document discusses the structure and types of DNA. It begins by covering the basic topics of DNA structure, including the double helix model. It then provides more details on the history of DNA discovery. The main components of DNA structure are described, including nucleotides, sugar-phosphate backbones, and nitrogen base pairs. Finally, the document outlines the different conformations of DNA including A-DNA, B-DNA, Z-DNA, and others.
DNA replication begins with DNA helicase unwinding the double helix at the origin of replication. The leading strand is synthesized continuously while the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in fragments called Okazaki fragments. DNA primase adds an RNA primer and DNA polymerase extends each primer into DNA. DNA ligase joins the Okazaki fragments together to form a complete lagging strand.
DNA profiling is a technique used by scientists to distinguish between individuals using samples of their DNA. Alec Jeffreys invented the process of DNA fingerprinting at the University of Leicester in 1985. The process involves extracting DNA from samples, cutting the DNA into fragments using restriction enzymes, separating the fragments by size using gel electrophoresis, and analyzing the pattern of fragment distribution to obtain a unique DNA profile. DNA profiling can be used to solve crimes by comparing DNA samples from a crime scene to suspects, and to solve medical problems like determining parentage in inheritance cases.
The document describes the process of DNA replication. It explains that the helicase enzyme first unwinds and separates the two strands of DNA. Then, DNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides to each strand to recreate the original double helix structure. An RNA primer is used to initiate replication of the lagging strand, which is synthesized as Okazaki fragments and later joined by DNA ligase.
The document describes the process of DNA replication. It explains that the helicase enzyme first unwinds and separates the two strands of DNA. Then, DNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides to each strand to recreate the double helix structure. An RNA primer is used to initiate synthesis of the new lagging strand, which is synthesized as Okazaki fragments and later joined by DNA ligase.
Genes contain the instructions for traits that are passed from parents to offspring. DNA, the molecule that makes up genes, is composed of four nucleotide bases. Genes are located on chromosomes in the nucleus and provide instructions for cell processes and structures. DNA replicates itself using its base pairings according to Chargaff's rules. Rosalind Franklin's X-ray images showed DNA's spiral structure, allowing Watson and Crick to deduce DNA's double helix shape. DNA is transcribed into mRNA which is then translated by ribosomes into proteins, the molecular workhorses that carry out genes' instructions and determine traits. Mutations can occur during DNA replication or transcription, sometimes causing genetic disorders.
DNA contains the genetic instructions that determine hereditary traits in humans. It exists in nearly every cell as a double-stranded molecule that consists of a sugar-phosphate backbone with nucleotide bases attached. The four nucleotide bases are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. DNA is packaged into chromosomes, which are found in the cell nucleus. Chromosomes determine an individual's sex, with females having two X chromosomes and males having one X and one Y chromosome. The Y chromosome is only passed from father to son and determines maleness. DNA testing analyzes markers on the Y chromosome, which are sections of DNA that vary in the number of repeated sequences between individuals. This allows DNA tests to determine family relationships along the
This document provides information about DNA structure and types. It begins with a timeline of important discoveries in DNA research. It then discusses the primary and secondary structures of DNA, including the double helix model proposed by Watson and Crick. It describes Chargaff's rules and the complementary base pairing of A-T and G-C. Finally, it summarizes the different forms of DNA like A, B, and Z-DNA and discusses mitochondrial DNA and unusual DNA sequences.
The document discusses DNA structure and DNA fingerprinting. It explains that DNA is made up of nucleotides containing deoxyribose, phosphate and nitrogenous bases that pair together through hydrogen bonds. DNA fingerprinting can be used to identify individuals by their unique DNA sequence, except for identical twins, and has applications in paternity testing, criminal investigations and identifying genetic disorders. Mapping genography similarly traces human migration patterns through analysis of genetic variations passed down over generations.
DNA replication is the process by which DNA copies itself. It occurs during the cell's interphase stage. The DNA double helix unwinds due to breaking of hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases. The enzyme DNA helicase unwinds and unzips the DNA molecule. New nucleotides are then linked together by DNA polymerase to make identical copies of the DNA strands. This results in two identical DNA molecules from the original single DNA molecule.
This document provides a comprehensive overview of DNA replication through a slideshow presentation. It begins with an introduction to DNA structure and then covers the key stages of replication in detail, including initiation, unwinding, primer synthesis, DNA synthesis, proofreading, telomere maintenance, regulation, the replisome complex, chromatin considerations, implications, and conclusions. Each slide explores the intricate mechanisms and coordinated enzyme functions required to duplicate the genetic code with high fidelity.
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The document describes the key features of DNA structure. It discusses the antiparallel nature of DNA strands, with 5' and 3' ends on opposite sides. Nucleotides are linked by covalent bonds between phosphate and carbon groups. DNA wraps around histone proteins to form nucleosomes, which organize and compact the DNA. Nucleosomes further coil to achieve different levels of compaction, including supercoiling, allowing DNA to fit in cells. The document also notes the differences between coding and non-coding regions of eukaryotic DNA.
A nucleotide is formed from a sugar and phosphate. Adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine in DNA. Enzyme helicase unwinds DNA for replication by separating the strands. The leading strand synthesizes in a 3' to 5' direction continuously, while the lagging strand synthesizes discontinuously in short fragments in a 5' to 3' direction. This completes DNA replication.
DNA profiling is a technique used by scientists to distinguish between individuals using DNA samples. It was invented in 1985 by Alec Jeffreys at the University of Leicester. The process involves breaking down cells to extract DNA, cutting the DNA into fragments using restriction enzymes, separating the fragments by size using gel electrophoresis, and comparing the pattern to DNA from other individuals. DNA profiling can help solve crimes by matching DNA from a crime scene to a suspect, and solve medical problems by determining biological relationships in cases of paternity, maternity or inheritance disputes. It has been used successfully in many famous court cases over the years.
DNA and RNA are nucleic acids that make up the genetic material of living organisms. DNA is composed of two strands bound together in a double helix formation. It contains the genes that code for proteins. RNA is similar but contains only a single strand and has the sugar uracil instead of thymine. Both DNA and RNA are made up of nucleotides, which consist of a sugar, phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases. DNA replicates via a semi-conservative process during the S phase of the cell cycle, whereby each original DNA strand serves as a template to produce a new complementary strand.
Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk who is considered the father of genetics. He conducted experiments with pea plants in which he studied 7 different traits. Through his experiments, Mendel discovered the principles of heredity, including that traits are passed from parents to offspring through discrete units called genes, and that some genes are dominant while others are recessive. When Mendel crossed plants with different traits, he found that the offspring expressed the traits of only one parent, not a blend, and that recessive traits could reappear in later generations. This led Mendel to propose that genes segregate and assort independently during the formation of gametes.
The document describes the process of protein synthesis. It explains that RNA polymerase first breaks the hydrogen bonds of DNA to copy it and make an mRNA strand. The mRNA strand then leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pore into the cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm, the mRNA binds to a ribosome where tRNA reads its bases and adds complementary amino acids to form a polypeptide chain.
Transcription occurs in the cell nucleus where DNA is unzipped and RNA polymerase adds complementary RNA nucleotides to the DNA template strand, forming mRNA. The mRNA is processed - a cap and tail are added and introns are removed. The completed mRNA contains codons of three nucleotides that code for amino acids. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm where the mRNA binds to ribosomes and tRNA molecules with matching anticodons deliver amino acids specified by mRNA codons, assembling the polypeptide chain specified by the mRNA.
This flip book depicts the process of protein synthesis, showing how DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is then translated by ribosomes into a polypeptide chain. The flip book steps through transcription, where RNA polymerase copies DNA into mRNA, then translation, where the mRNA passes through the ribosome and interacts with tRNA and rRNA to add amino acids in the correct order specified by codons until a full protein is synthesized.
This document is a flip book that summarizes the process of protein synthesis. It shows how DNA is transcribed into mRNA by RNA polymerase in the nucleus. The mRNA is then transported out of the nucleus through the nuclear pore and binds to the ribosome in the cytoplasm. The ribosome reads the mRNA codons and binds transfer RNA (tRNA) with complementary anticodons. The tRNA brings amino acids to form peptide bonds and a polypeptide chain, which eventually folds into a functional protein.
This flip book depicts the process of protein synthesis, showing how DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is then translated by ribosomes into a polypeptide chain. The flip book steps through transcription, where RNA polymerase copies DNA into mRNA, then translation, where the mRNA passes through the ribosome and interacts with tRNA and rRNA to add amino acids in the correct order specified by codons until a full protein is synthesized.
The document describes the process of transcription and translation in a cell. RNA polymerase unwinds DNA and creates an mRNA strand in the nucleus. The mRNA strand then moves to the cytoplasm through the nuclear pore. In the cytoplasm, the mRNA strand binds to a ribosome where tRNA brings amino acids to add to a growing polypeptide chain based on the mRNA codons. The polypeptide chain then folds into the final 3D protein structure.
The document describes the process of protein synthesis, which occurs in two steps: transcription and translation. In transcription, DNA is unwound and an mRNA strand is created using nucleotides. In translation, the mRNA strand is sent to the cytoplasm where it binds to a ribosome. tRNA molecules then bind to the ribosome and add amino acids specified by the mRNA code, forming a peptide bond between amino acids and creating a protein chain.
The document describes the process of protein synthesis, which occurs in two steps: transcription and translation. In transcription, DNA is unwound and an mRNA strand is created using nucleotides. The mRNA strand is then released and the DNA strands rebind. In translation, the mRNA moves to the cytoplasm and binds to ribosomes. tRNA molecules bind to the ribosome according to the mRNA code, and each tRNA connects to a specific amino acid. Translation begins as tRNA molecules form base pairs with the mRNA, and peptide bonds form between the amino acids, creating a protein.
The document describes the process of protein synthesis, which occurs in two main steps - transcription and translation. Transcription takes place in the nucleus and involves RNA polymerase copying genetic information from DNA to mRNA. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm at ribosomes, where the mRNA code is used to assemble amino acids in the correct order to produce a protein. The start codon on mRNA pairs with a complementary tRNA to initiate translation.
DNA replication begins at the origin of replication where DNA helicase unwinds and unzips the double helix. DNA polymerase reads the bases on one strand and adds complementary bases to the other strand. The leading strand is replicated continuously while the lagging strand is replicated discontinuously in fragments called Okazaki fragments. DNA primase adds primers to fill in the lagging strand, and DNA ligase seals the fragments together with phosphodiester bonds.
This protein synthesis flip book illustrates the process of transcription and translation. It shows DNA being transcribed into mRNA by RNA polymerase in the nucleus. The mRNA is then transported to the cytoplasm where it passes through ribosomes. During this process, transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules match to the mRNA codons and add amino acids to form a polypeptide chain through peptide bonds. Eventually a full protein is synthesized from the mRNA instructions.
The document outlines the process of protein synthesis which has two main parts - transcription and translation. In transcription, mRNA strands are created in the nucleus from a DNA template with the help of RNA polymerase. The mRNA then exits the nucleus through nuclear pores. In translation, which occurs in the cytoplasm, ribosomes read the mRNA to produce a protein. Transfer RNA molecules match their anticodons to mRNA codons and bring corresponding amino acids. The amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds to form a polypeptide chain, which becomes a protein when translation is complete.
Protein synthesis flipbook @yoloswagginator24punxsyscience
The document summarizes the process of protein synthesis. It describes how RNA polymerase unwinds DNA and copies it to mRNA. The mRNA strand then exits the nucleus through the nuclear pore and moves to ribosomes. At the ribosomes, the mRNA is read and translated to form a polypeptide chain of amino acids.
The document outlines the process of protein synthesis which has two main parts - transcription and translation. In transcription, mRNA strands are created in the nucleus from a DNA template with the help of RNA polymerase. The mRNA then exits the nucleus through nuclear pores. In translation, which occurs in the cytoplasm, ribosomes read the mRNA to produce a protein. Transfer RNA molecules match their anticodons to mRNA codons and bring corresponding amino acids. The amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds to form a polypeptide chain, which becomes a protein when translation is complete.
The document shows the process of protein synthesis:
1) In the nucleus, RNA polymerase unzips DNA and copies its sequence into a messenger RNA (mRNA) strand.
2) The mRNA exits the nucleus through the nuclear pore and enters the cytoplasm.
3) In the cytoplasm, the mRNA binds to a ribosome which reads its sequence in groups of three bases (codons).
4) Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules matching these codons bring specific amino acids to the ribosome.
5) The amino acids are linked together to form a polypeptide chain, which later folds into a functional protein.
The document is a flip book that summarizes the key steps of protein synthesis: 1) DNA is unwound in the cell nucleus and an mRNA strand is produced, 2) the mRNA strand moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where ribosomes are located, 3) ribosomes read the mRNA strand and amino acids are attached through peptide bonds to form a protein, which then folds into its tertiary structure.
The document summarizes the process of protein synthesis. DNA in the nucleus is transcribed into mRNA by RNA polymerase. The mRNA then exits the nucleus and binds to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. The ribosome reads the mRNA and uses transfer RNA molecules to add amino acids to form a protein chain. The protein folds into its final shape.
The document discusses protein synthesis in cells. It explains that RNA polymerase in the cell nucleus reads DNA and synthesizes mRNA. The mRNA then exits the nucleus through nuclear pores and binds to ribosomes. At the ribosomes, tRNA matches codons on the mRNA and releases amino acids, forming peptide bonds between amino acids to create a polypeptide chain. When the ribosome reaches a stop codon, the polypeptide releases and folds into its tertiary structure to become a functional protein.
The process of transcription begins in the cell nucleus, where RNA polymerase breaks apart DNA and uses it as a template to create mRNA strands. During this process, thymine is replaced with uracil to form RNA. The mRNA strand then exits the nucleus through a nuclear pore. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm, where the mRNA is read by ribosomes in groups of three codons. Transfer RNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome based on codon-anticodon base pairing. As the ribosome moves along the mRNA, the growing polypeptide chain is released once a stop codon is reached.
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
Letter and Document Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Sol...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on automated letter generation for Bonterra Impact Management using Google Workspace or Microsoft 365.
Interested in deploying letter generation automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
leewayhertz.com-AI in predictive maintenance Use cases technologies benefits ...alexjohnson7307
Predictive maintenance is a proactive approach that anticipates equipment failures before they happen. At the forefront of this innovative strategy is Artificial Intelligence (AI), which brings unprecedented precision and efficiency. AI in predictive maintenance is transforming industries by reducing downtime, minimizing costs, and enhancing productivity.
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptxSitimaJohn
Ocean Lotus cyber threat actors represent a sophisticated, persistent, and politically motivated group that poses a significant risk to organizations and individuals in the Southeast Asian region. Their continuous evolution and adaptability underscore the need for robust cybersecurity measures and international cooperation to identify and mitigate the threats posed by such advanced persistent threat groups.
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
2. In DNA replication the lagging strand and
the leading strand start to separate this is
because of the DNA helicase.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
3. In DNA replication the lagging strand and
the leading strand start to separate this is
because of the DNA helicase.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
4. In DNA replication the lagging strand and
the leading strand start to separate this is
because of the DNA helicase.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
5. In DNA replication the lagging strand and
the leading strand start to separate this is
because of the DNA helicase.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
6. In DNA replication the lagging strand and
the leading strand start to separate this is
because of the DNA helicase.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
7. In DNA replication the lagging strand and
the leading strand start to separate this is
because of the DNA helicase.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
8. In DNA replication the lagging strand and
the leading strand start to separate this is
because of the DNA helicase.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
9. In DNA replication the lagging strand and
the leading strand start to separate this is
because of the DNA helicase.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
10. In DNA replication the lagging strand and
the leading strand start to separate this is
because of the DNA helicase.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
11. In DNA replication the lagging strand and
the leading strand start to separate this is
because of the DNA helicase.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
12. In DNA replication the lagging strand and
the leading strand start to separate this is
because of the DNA helicase.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
13. In DNA replication the lagging strand and
the leading strand start to separate this is
because of the DNA helicase.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
14. In DNA replication the lagging strand and
the leading strand start to separate this is
because of the DNA helicase.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
15. In DNA replication the lagging strand and
the leading strand start to separate this is
because of the DNA helicase.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
16. In DNA replication the lagging strand and
the leading strand start to separate this is
because of the DNA helicase.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
17. In DNA replication the lagging strand and
the leading strand start to separate this is
because of the DNA helicase.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
18. In DNA replication the lagging strand and
the leading strand start to separate this is
because of the DNA helicase.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
19. In DNA replication the lagging strand and
the leading strand start to separate this is
because of the DNA helicase.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
20. In DNA replication the lagging strand and
the leading strand start to separate this is
because of the DNA helicase.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
21. After the DNA helicase has split apart the
lagging strand and the leading strand.
Another strand of DNA identical to that
one forms and the same with the lagging
strand. They both form other sides and
that doubles the DNA.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
22. After the DNA helicase has split apart the
lagging strand and the leading strand.
Another strand of DNA identical to that
one forms and the same with the lagging
strand. They both form other sides and
that doubles the DNA.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
23. After the DNA helicase has split apart the
lagging strand and the leading strand.
Another strand of DNA identical to that
one forms and the same with the lagging
strand. They both form other sides and
that doubles the DNA.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
24. After the DNA helicase has split apart the
lagging strand and the leading strand.
Another strand of DNA identical to that
one forms and the same with the lagging
strand. They both form other sides and
that doubles the DNA.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
25. After the DNA helicase has split apart the
lagging strand and the leading strand.
Another strand of DNA identical to that
one forms and the same with the lagging
strand. They both form other sides and
that doubles the DNA.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
26. After the DNA helicase has split apart the
lagging strand and the leading strand.
Another strand of DNA identical to that
one forms and the same with the lagging
strand. They both form other sides and
that doubles the DNA.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
27. After the DNA helicase has split apart the
lagging strand and the leading strand.
Another strand of DNA identical to that
one forms and the same with the lagging
strand. They both form other sides and
that doubles the DNA.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
28. After the DNA helicase has split apart the
lagging strand and the leading strand.
Another strand of DNA identical to that
one forms and the same with the lagging
strand. They both form other sides and
that doubles the DNA.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
29. After the DNA helicase has split apart the
lagging strand and the leading strand.
Another strand of DNA identical to that
one forms and the same with the lagging
strand. They both form other sides and
that doubles the DNA.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
30. After the DNA helicase has split apart the
lagging strand and the leading strand.
Another strand of DNA identical to that
one forms and the same with the lagging
strand. They both form other sides and
that doubles the DNA.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
31. After the DNA helicase has split apart the
lagging strand and the leading strand.
Another strand of DNA identical to that
one forms and the same with the lagging
strand. They both form other sides and
that doubles the DNA.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
32. After the DNA helicase has split apart the
lagging strand and the leading strand.
Another strand of DNA identical to that
one forms and the same with the lagging
strand. They both form other sides and
that doubles the DNA.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
33. After the DNA helicase has split apart the
lagging strand and the leading strand.
Another strand of DNA identical to that
one forms and the same with the lagging
strand. They both form other sides and
that doubles the DNA.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
34. After the DNA helicase has split apart the
lagging strand and the leading strand.
Another strand of DNA identical to that
one forms and the same with the lagging
strand. They both form other sides and
that doubles the DNA.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
35. After the DNA helicase has split apart the
lagging strand and the leading strand.
Another strand of DNA identical to that
one forms and the same with the lagging
strand. They both form other sides and
that doubles the DNA.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
36. After the DNA helicase has split apart the
lagging strand and the leading strand.
Another strand of DNA identical to that
one forms and the same with the lagging
strand. They both form other sides and
that doubles the DNA.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
37. After the DNA helicase has split apart the
lagging strand and the leading strand.
Another strand of DNA identical to that
one forms and the same with the lagging
strand. They both form other sides and
that doubles the DNA.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
38. After the DNA helicase has split apart the
lagging strand and the leading strand.
Another strand of DNA identical to that
one forms and the same with the lagging
strand. They both form other sides and
that doubles the DNA.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
39. After the DNA helicase has split apart the
lagging strand and the leading strand.
Another strand of DNA identical to that
one forms and the same with the lagging
strand. They both form other sides and
that doubles the DNA.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase
40. After the DNA helicase has split apart the
lagging strand and the leading strand.
Another strand of DNA identical to that
one forms and the same with the lagging
strand. They both form other sides and
that doubles the DNA.
Cytosine
Glycine
Adenine
Thymine
DNA
Helicase