Dna Replication Notes
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DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an identical copy of its DNA. It involves unwinding the DNA double helix at a replication fork and using each original strand as a template to build new partner strands through base pairing. The leading strand is continuously synthesized toward the replication fork, while the lagging strand is synthesized in fragments that are later joined together by ligase enzymes. This ensures each daughter cell inherits an identical copy of the original DNA sequence.
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Dna replication
DNA replicates before cell division to ensure each new cell receives a full copy of the genome. DNA replication is semi-conservative, whereby each new DNA double helix contains one original strand and one newly synthesized complementary strand. It begins at the origin of replication, where the DNA unwinds and replication forks form. New strands grow from the forks in the 5' to 3' direction as DNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides. The lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in short Okazaki fragments that are later joined together. Enzymes such as helicase, DNA polymerase, primase, and ligase facilitate replication with high fidelity despite DNA's immense length.
Dna replication
- DNA replication involves unwinding the DNA double helix at the replication fork and using each single strand as a template to build new complementary strands in a semi-conservative manner, where each new double helix contains one original and one new strand.
- Replication proceeds bidirectionally from an origin of replication as the replication fork moves along the DNA in both directions. The leading strand is synthesized continuously while the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in fragments called Okazaki fragments.
- Several DNA polymerases and other proteins work together accurately and efficiently to copy the billions of bases in human DNA within a few hours during cell division.
7.2 dna replication
DNA replication occurs in a 5' to 3' direction and involves many enzymes. In prokaryotes, helicase unwinds DNA at the replication fork. DNA polymerase III adds nucleotides to the 3' end of the leading strand continuously, while RNA primase and DNA polymerase I work together to generate Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand between 1000-2000 nucleotides long that are later joined by DNA ligase. DNA replication initiates at multiple locations along eukaryotic chromosomes and uses similar enzymes as prokaryotes.
Dna replication short notes
This document discusses DNA replication. It begins by defining DNA replication as the process of producing two identical copies of DNA from one original DNA molecule. It then describes some of the key biological significance of DNA replication, such as maintaining genomic integrity between generations. The document goes on to explain the basic rules and mechanisms of DNA replication, including semi-conservative replication, replication forks, and the roles of various replication proteins like DNA polymerase, helicase, and ligase. It also discusses the initiation, elongation, and termination stages of replication.
Dna replication
DNA is maintained in a compressed, supercoiled state.
But basis of replication is the formation of strands based on specific bases pairing with their complementary bases
DNA Replication
DNA replication is the process by which a cell copies its DNA in preparation for cell division. It occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle and involves unwinding the double helix and using each strand as a template to produce two identical copies of the DNA. The process is semiconservative, meaning each new DNA molecule contains one old and one new strand. Key enzymes involved include DNA polymerase, helicase, primase, and ligase. Replication initiates at origins of replication and proceeds bidirectionally.
Dna replication
DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an identical copy of its DNA. There are three proposed models of replication: conservative, semi-conservative, and dispersive. Meselson-Stahl experiments provided evidence supporting the semi-conservative model. DNA replication involves unwinding of the DNA double helix, synthesis of an RNA primer, and elongation of the DNA strands by DNA polymerase. Telomeres protect chromosome ends from degradation during replication. Cancer cells maintain telomere length through expression of telomerase. Maintaining healthy lifestyle habits can help lengthen telomeres and delay aging.
12.2 replication of dna
DNA replication is semi-conservative and involves several key enzymes. DNA helicase unwinds and unzips the parental DNA strands. RNA primase adds short RNA primers to each strand. DNA polymerase then adds complementary nucleotides to the new strands in the 5' to 3' direction, replicating the leading strand continuously but the lagging strand discontinuously in fragments called Okazaki fragments, which are later joined by DNA ligase. The end result is two double-stranded DNA molecules that each contain one original and one new strand.
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Dna replication
DNA replicates before cell division to ensure each new cell receives a full copy of the genome. DNA replication is semi-conservative, whereby each new DNA double helix contains one original strand and one newly synthesized complementary strand. It begins at the origin of replication, where the DNA unwinds and replication forks form. New strands grow from the forks in the 5' to 3' direction as DNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides. The lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in short Okazaki fragments that are later joined together. Enzymes such as helicase, DNA polymerase, primase, and ligase facilitate replication with high fidelity despite DNA's immense length.
Dna replication
- DNA replication involves unwinding the DNA double helix at the replication fork and using each single strand as a template to build new complementary strands in a semi-conservative manner, where each new double helix contains one original and one new strand.
- Replication proceeds bidirectionally from an origin of replication as the replication fork moves along the DNA in both directions. The leading strand is synthesized continuously while the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in fragments called Okazaki fragments.
- Several DNA polymerases and other proteins work together accurately and efficiently to copy the billions of bases in human DNA within a few hours during cell division.
7.2 dna replication
DNA replication occurs in a 5' to 3' direction and involves many enzymes. In prokaryotes, helicase unwinds DNA at the replication fork. DNA polymerase III adds nucleotides to the 3' end of the leading strand continuously, while RNA primase and DNA polymerase I work together to generate Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand between 1000-2000 nucleotides long that are later joined by DNA ligase. DNA replication initiates at multiple locations along eukaryotic chromosomes and uses similar enzymes as prokaryotes.
Dna replication short notes
This document discusses DNA replication. It begins by defining DNA replication as the process of producing two identical copies of DNA from one original DNA molecule. It then describes some of the key biological significance of DNA replication, such as maintaining genomic integrity between generations. The document goes on to explain the basic rules and mechanisms of DNA replication, including semi-conservative replication, replication forks, and the roles of various replication proteins like DNA polymerase, helicase, and ligase. It also discusses the initiation, elongation, and termination stages of replication.
Dna replication
DNA is maintained in a compressed, supercoiled state.
But basis of replication is the formation of strands based on specific bases pairing with their complementary bases
DNA Replication
DNA replication is the process by which a cell copies its DNA in preparation for cell division. It occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle and involves unwinding the double helix and using each strand as a template to produce two identical copies of the DNA. The process is semiconservative, meaning each new DNA molecule contains one old and one new strand. Key enzymes involved include DNA polymerase, helicase, primase, and ligase. Replication initiates at origins of replication and proceeds bidirectionally.
Dna replication
DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an identical copy of its DNA. There are three proposed models of replication: conservative, semi-conservative, and dispersive. Meselson-Stahl experiments provided evidence supporting the semi-conservative model. DNA replication involves unwinding of the DNA double helix, synthesis of an RNA primer, and elongation of the DNA strands by DNA polymerase. Telomeres protect chromosome ends from degradation during replication. Cancer cells maintain telomere length through expression of telomerase. Maintaining healthy lifestyle habits can help lengthen telomeres and delay aging.
12.2 replication of dna
DNA replication is semi-conservative and involves several key enzymes. DNA helicase unwinds and unzips the parental DNA strands. RNA primase adds short RNA primers to each strand. DNA polymerase then adds complementary nucleotides to the new strands in the 5' to 3' direction, replicating the leading strand continuously but the lagging strand discontinuously in fragments called Okazaki fragments, which are later joined by DNA ligase. The end result is two double-stranded DNA molecules that each contain one original and one new strand.
DNA Replication
DNA replication occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle to produce two identical copies of DNA for each new cell. It is a semi-conservative process where each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one newly synthesized strand. Replication begins at the origin of replication where the DNA unwinds and replication forks are formed. The leading strand is synthesized continuously while the lagging strand is synthesized in fragments called Okazaki fragments which are later joined together. DNA polymerase adds nucleotides while following the base pairing rules, and proofreading enzymes ensure high fidelity by correcting errors.
Replication
DNA replication is a highly regulated process that exactly duplicates the genome during cell division. It involves unwinding of the DNA double helix at the origin of replication by helicase. Each single-stranded template is then used to synthesize a new complementary strand in the 5'-to-3' direction by DNA polymerase. The leading strand is replicated continuously while the lagging strand is replicated discontinuously in short segments called Okazaki fragments that are later joined by ligase. Several proteins and enzymes work together in a coordinated manner to ensure the genome is accurately duplicated and inherited by daughter cells.
Dna replication
DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division. There are three models of DNA replication: semiconservative, conservative, and dispersive. In semiconservative replication, the two parental DNA strands separate and each acts as a template to make a new complementary strand, resulting in two double-stranded daughter molecules each with one original and one new strand. The steps of replication involve unwinding the DNA double helix, forming a replication fork, and synthesizing new strands in the 5' to 3' direction along the leading and lagging strands through the use of primers, DNA polymerase, and DNA ligase.
DNA replication
The document summarizes DNA replication. It describes that DNA replication produces two identical copies of DNA from one original molecule through a semi-conservative process. This involves unwinding of DNA at origins of replication by helicase to form replication forks that grow bidirectionally. DNA polymerase then synthesizes new strands using the original strands as templates. Replication occurs through initiation, elongation, and termination steps mediated by various proteins at the replication fork. The Meselson-Stahl experiment provided evidence that DNA replication is semi-conservative through density gradient centrifugation of parental and progeny DNA.
DNA REPLICATION
DNA replication is the process of duplicating DNA to produce two identical copies. It occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle. Replication is semi-conservative, meaning the new DNA molecules each contain one old and one new strand. Several enzymes are involved, including DNA polymerase for polymerization, helicase for unwinding the DNA helix, and DNA ligase for binding DNA strands. Replication proceeds through initiation, elongation, and termination steps at the replication fork.
Dna replication
1. The document discusses DNA replication and repair mechanisms.
2. It defines DNA replication as the duplication process where the double strands of DNA separate and new complementary strands are built on each original strand to produce exact copies of the parental DNA.
3. The mechanism of semi-conservative replication is described, where each new DNA molecule contains one original and one newly synthesized strand.
Dna replication
DNA replication occurs through initiation, elongation, and termination steps. Initiation begins at the origin of replication where enzymes separate the DNA strands. Elongation builds the new strands through leading and lagging strand synthesis. The leading strand adds nucleotides continuously towards the unwinding while the lagging strand adds fragments called Okazaki fragments. Termination occurs when termination proteins bind to termination sites and stop the polymerase.
DNA replication
This document discusses DNA replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It provides an overview of the key steps and enzymes involved in DNA replication for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. For prokaryotes, it describes initiation at the origin of replication involving DNA A protein, elongation by DNA polymerase III, and termination when replication forks meet. For eukaryotes, it outlines initiation involving pre-replication complexes, elongation involving leading and lagging strand synthesis, and the various enzymes involved such as DNA polymerases and helicases.
Dna replication
DNA replication is semiconservative, meaning each new DNA molecule contains one old and one new strand. This was demonstrated in experiments on E. coli and other organisms in the 1950s-60s. There are three possible modes of replication - conservative, semiconservative, and dispersive - but only semiconservative replication occurs in nature. In E. coli, replication begins at the origin of replication and proceeds bidirectionally. RNA primers are added by primase and DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the 3' end to elongate DNA strands. DNA polymerase I, II, and III carry out elongation and proofreading. The leading strand is synthesized continuously while the lagging strand involves discontinuous Okazaki fragments. Other proteins unwind and
Replication of DNA
DNA replication is the process by which DNA copies itself. It occurs during cell division and involves unwinding the DNA double helix, synthesizing new strands that are complementary to the original strands, and producing two identical DNA molecules each with one original and one new strand. Key enzymes involved include DNA helicase, DNA primase, DNA polymerases, and DNA ligase which work together to replicate DNA in a semi-conservative manner beginning at origins of replication on the DNA.
Dna replication
This document summarizes DNA replication. It describes the key requirements for replication like dNTPs, template DNA, primers, and magnesium ions. It explains that replication is semi-conservative, with each parental strand serving as a template for the daughter strands. It discusses the different models of replication and evidence from Meselson and Stahl's experiment supporting the semi-conservative model. It also provides details about replication proteins, the replication fork, and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic replication.
The replication fork and anti-cancers
Antibiotics, anti cancers and chemotherapeutic are inhibitors of replication, transcription or translation of genetic codes.
In this slid I will write about some DNA replication inhibitors.
DNA Replication & Repair.
It is a short and concise slide about DNA replication and Repair. It is prepared keeping in mind for Undergraduates level but PG also might find it handy.
Basics of DNA Replication
DNA is the genetic material found in chromosomes in the nucleus of cells. It has a double helix structure like a twisted ladder, with sugar and phosphate molecules forming the sides and nitrogen base pairs forming the rungs. There are four nitrogen bases - adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine - that always pair up in the same way: A pairs with T and G pairs with C. DNA replication is the process where the DNA double helix unwinds and each half acts as a template for a new partner strand, resulting in two identical DNA molecules.
Mapping of origins of replication
Mapping origins of replication is important to understand where DNA replication initiates in genomes. In eukaryotes, replication begins at multiple origins due to their large genome sizes. Two common methods for mapping origins are autoradiography and 2D gel electrophoresis. 2D gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments by size and shape, allowing visualization of replication bubbles that form at origins of replication. This technique has helped map many replication origins in yeast and identify autonomously replicating sequences that act as initiation sites.
Dna replication
DNA replication involves copying the DNA of a cell before it divides. It occurs during the S phase of interphase and results in two identical DNA molecules, each with one original and one new strand. The double helix unwinds and an enzyme adds complementary nucleotides to each strand to replicate the DNA. On the lagging strand, DNA is synthesized discontinuously in short segments called Okazaki fragments which are later joined together. DNA replication ensures that daughter cells have identical copies of the parental DNA.
Replication
1. DNA replication involves unwinding the DNA double helix and copying each strand to form two identical DNA molecules.
2. There were three hypotheses for the mechanism of DNA replication: conservative, dispersive, and semi-conservative. Meselson and Stahl's experiment showed that replication is semi-conservative.
3. DNA replication involves unwinding of the DNA double helix by helicase, continuous synthesis of the leading strand and discontinuous synthesis of the lagging strand in Okazaki fragments, and DNA polymerases that synthesize new strands using the old strands as templates.
Dna replication ppt
DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division. It involves unwinding the DNA double helix structure into single strands, which then serve as templates for new strands to be synthesized. DNA polymerase enzymes carry out the synthesis of new strands. The leading strand is synthesized continuously while the lagging strand is synthesized in fragments that are later joined together. DNA replication results in two identical DNA molecules each with one original and one new strand of nucleotides.
Dna replication
DNA replication is fundamental process occurring in all living organism to copy their DNA. The process is called replication in sense that each strand of dsDNA serve as template for reproduction of complementary strand.
Dna replication
DNA replication is the process by which DNA copies itself during cell division. It involves unwinding the DNA double helix at the replication fork and using DNA polymerase to synthesize new strands that complement the original DNA, resulting in two identical copies of the original DNA molecule. Key proteins involved in replication include helicase, which unwinds the DNA; primase, which makes short RNA primers for DNA polymerase to begin DNA synthesis; DNA polymerase, which adds nucleotides to extend the DNA strands; and ligase, which seals any gaps between DNA fragments.
2 7.1 - dna structure hl
The document describes the key features of DNA structure. It discusses the antiparallel nature of DNA strands, with 5' and 3' ends on opposite sides. Nucleotides are linked by covalent bonds between phosphate and carbon groups. DNA wraps around histone proteins to form nucleosomes, which organize and compact the DNA. Nucleosomes further coil to achieve different levels of compaction, including supercoiling, allowing DNA to fit in cells. The document also notes the differences between coding and non-coding regions of eukaryotic DNA.
DNA strucutre and replication DNA strucutre and replication.ppt
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DNA Replication
DNA replication occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle to produce two identical copies of DNA for each new cell. It is a semi-conservative process where each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one newly synthesized strand. Replication begins at the origin of replication where the DNA unwinds and replication forks are formed. The leading strand is synthesized continuously while the lagging strand is synthesized in fragments called Okazaki fragments which are later joined together. DNA polymerase adds nucleotides while following the base pairing rules, and proofreading enzymes ensure high fidelity by correcting errors.
Replication
DNA replication is a highly regulated process that exactly duplicates the genome during cell division. It involves unwinding of the DNA double helix at the origin of replication by helicase. Each single-stranded template is then used to synthesize a new complementary strand in the 5'-to-3' direction by DNA polymerase. The leading strand is replicated continuously while the lagging strand is replicated discontinuously in short segments called Okazaki fragments that are later joined by ligase. Several proteins and enzymes work together in a coordinated manner to ensure the genome is accurately duplicated and inherited by daughter cells.
Dna replication
DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division. There are three models of DNA replication: semiconservative, conservative, and dispersive. In semiconservative replication, the two parental DNA strands separate and each acts as a template to make a new complementary strand, resulting in two double-stranded daughter molecules each with one original and one new strand. The steps of replication involve unwinding the DNA double helix, forming a replication fork, and synthesizing new strands in the 5' to 3' direction along the leading and lagging strands through the use of primers, DNA polymerase, and DNA ligase.
DNA replication
The document summarizes DNA replication. It describes that DNA replication produces two identical copies of DNA from one original molecule through a semi-conservative process. This involves unwinding of DNA at origins of replication by helicase to form replication forks that grow bidirectionally. DNA polymerase then synthesizes new strands using the original strands as templates. Replication occurs through initiation, elongation, and termination steps mediated by various proteins at the replication fork. The Meselson-Stahl experiment provided evidence that DNA replication is semi-conservative through density gradient centrifugation of parental and progeny DNA.
DNA REPLICATION
DNA replication is the process of duplicating DNA to produce two identical copies. It occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle. Replication is semi-conservative, meaning the new DNA molecules each contain one old and one new strand. Several enzymes are involved, including DNA polymerase for polymerization, helicase for unwinding the DNA helix, and DNA ligase for binding DNA strands. Replication proceeds through initiation, elongation, and termination steps at the replication fork.
Dna replication
1. The document discusses DNA replication and repair mechanisms.
2. It defines DNA replication as the duplication process where the double strands of DNA separate and new complementary strands are built on each original strand to produce exact copies of the parental DNA.
3. The mechanism of semi-conservative replication is described, where each new DNA molecule contains one original and one newly synthesized strand.
Dna replication
DNA replication occurs through initiation, elongation, and termination steps. Initiation begins at the origin of replication where enzymes separate the DNA strands. Elongation builds the new strands through leading and lagging strand synthesis. The leading strand adds nucleotides continuously towards the unwinding while the lagging strand adds fragments called Okazaki fragments. Termination occurs when termination proteins bind to termination sites and stop the polymerase.
DNA replication
This document discusses DNA replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It provides an overview of the key steps and enzymes involved in DNA replication for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. For prokaryotes, it describes initiation at the origin of replication involving DNA A protein, elongation by DNA polymerase III, and termination when replication forks meet. For eukaryotes, it outlines initiation involving pre-replication complexes, elongation involving leading and lagging strand synthesis, and the various enzymes involved such as DNA polymerases and helicases.
Dna replication
DNA replication is semiconservative, meaning each new DNA molecule contains one old and one new strand. This was demonstrated in experiments on E. coli and other organisms in the 1950s-60s. There are three possible modes of replication - conservative, semiconservative, and dispersive - but only semiconservative replication occurs in nature. In E. coli, replication begins at the origin of replication and proceeds bidirectionally. RNA primers are added by primase and DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the 3' end to elongate DNA strands. DNA polymerase I, II, and III carry out elongation and proofreading. The leading strand is synthesized continuously while the lagging strand involves discontinuous Okazaki fragments. Other proteins unwind and
Replication of DNA
DNA replication is the process by which DNA copies itself. It occurs during cell division and involves unwinding the DNA double helix, synthesizing new strands that are complementary to the original strands, and producing two identical DNA molecules each with one original and one new strand. Key enzymes involved include DNA helicase, DNA primase, DNA polymerases, and DNA ligase which work together to replicate DNA in a semi-conservative manner beginning at origins of replication on the DNA.
Dna replication
This document summarizes DNA replication. It describes the key requirements for replication like dNTPs, template DNA, primers, and magnesium ions. It explains that replication is semi-conservative, with each parental strand serving as a template for the daughter strands. It discusses the different models of replication and evidence from Meselson and Stahl's experiment supporting the semi-conservative model. It also provides details about replication proteins, the replication fork, and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic replication.
The replication fork and anti-cancers
Antibiotics, anti cancers and chemotherapeutic are inhibitors of replication, transcription or translation of genetic codes.
In this slid I will write about some DNA replication inhibitors.
DNA Replication & Repair.
It is a short and concise slide about DNA replication and Repair. It is prepared keeping in mind for Undergraduates level but PG also might find it handy.
Basics of DNA Replication
DNA is the genetic material found in chromosomes in the nucleus of cells. It has a double helix structure like a twisted ladder, with sugar and phosphate molecules forming the sides and nitrogen base pairs forming the rungs. There are four nitrogen bases - adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine - that always pair up in the same way: A pairs with T and G pairs with C. DNA replication is the process where the DNA double helix unwinds and each half acts as a template for a new partner strand, resulting in two identical DNA molecules.
Mapping of origins of replication
Mapping origins of replication is important to understand where DNA replication initiates in genomes. In eukaryotes, replication begins at multiple origins due to their large genome sizes. Two common methods for mapping origins are autoradiography and 2D gel electrophoresis. 2D gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments by size and shape, allowing visualization of replication bubbles that form at origins of replication. This technique has helped map many replication origins in yeast and identify autonomously replicating sequences that act as initiation sites.
Dna replication
DNA replication involves copying the DNA of a cell before it divides. It occurs during the S phase of interphase and results in two identical DNA molecules, each with one original and one new strand. The double helix unwinds and an enzyme adds complementary nucleotides to each strand to replicate the DNA. On the lagging strand, DNA is synthesized discontinuously in short segments called Okazaki fragments which are later joined together. DNA replication ensures that daughter cells have identical copies of the parental DNA.
Replication
1. DNA replication involves unwinding the DNA double helix and copying each strand to form two identical DNA molecules.
2. There were three hypotheses for the mechanism of DNA replication: conservative, dispersive, and semi-conservative. Meselson and Stahl's experiment showed that replication is semi-conservative.
3. DNA replication involves unwinding of the DNA double helix by helicase, continuous synthesis of the leading strand and discontinuous synthesis of the lagging strand in Okazaki fragments, and DNA polymerases that synthesize new strands using the old strands as templates.
Dna replication ppt
DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division. It involves unwinding the DNA double helix structure into single strands, which then serve as templates for new strands to be synthesized. DNA polymerase enzymes carry out the synthesis of new strands. The leading strand is synthesized continuously while the lagging strand is synthesized in fragments that are later joined together. DNA replication results in two identical DNA molecules each with one original and one new strand of nucleotides.
Dna replication
DNA replication is fundamental process occurring in all living organism to copy their DNA. The process is called replication in sense that each strand of dsDNA serve as template for reproduction of complementary strand.
Dna replication
DNA replication is the process by which DNA copies itself during cell division. It involves unwinding the DNA double helix at the replication fork and using DNA polymerase to synthesize new strands that complement the original DNA, resulting in two identical copies of the original DNA molecule. Key proteins involved in replication include helicase, which unwinds the DNA; primase, which makes short RNA primers for DNA polymerase to begin DNA synthesis; DNA polymerase, which adds nucleotides to extend the DNA strands; and ligase, which seals any gaps between DNA fragments.
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DNA replication is the process by which a cell copies its DNA in preparation for cell division. It occurs in three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. During elongation, the two strands of DNA unwind and serve as templates for new complementary strands. The leading strand is synthesized continuously while the lagging strand is synthesized in fragments called Okazaki fragments. Enzymes such as DNA polymerase and ligase ensure accurate copying of the DNA.
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Cellular respiration notes
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Photosynthesis Notes
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Dna Replication Notes
- 3. DNA and Chromosomes oDNA is tightly packed oA human cell contains more than 1 meter of DNA oHow does it fit in the nucleus and form a chromosome? oHistones are proteins that DNA twists around oDNA and protein pack together to form a substance called chromatin
- 4. DNA Replication oMaking a copy of the genetic instructions of the cell oBase pairing provides all the information needed to replicate DNA oEach strand is said to be “complementary”
- 5. Chromosome – Tightly packed DNA and proteins DNA Polymerase – building and proofreading enzyme DNA Polymerase – building and proofreading enzyme Replication Fork Y-shaped region where original strand unwinds Free nucleotides Leading Strand Lagging Strand Helicase – untwists and separates the strand Original DNA Acts as a template Original DNA Acts as a template
- 6. Strand Differences Leading Strand ◦Builds DNA toward the replication fork Lagging Strand ◦Fills in with Okazaki fragments away from the replication fork ◦ Ligase with help glue together
- 7. DNA Mutation