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1. DNA
What is
?
a presentation about all things DNA.

2. DNA is in every cell of every living thing.
It is found within the chromosomes of the
cell. Chromosomes work to build
proteins and assist in duplication or
division of the cells.
Where is DNA found?

3. The unique structure of DNA allows it to be the
hereditary molecule and allows it to store
instructions for directing cell activities.

4. DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Sugar macro-molecule
[ stores the genetic material ]
DNA stands for
deoxyribonucleic acid. It is a
long molecule made up of
monomers called nucleotides.
PHOSPHATE
BASE
DEOXYRIBOSE
SUGAR

5. The twisted ladder
shape is called a
double helix.

6. NITROGEN BASES
Adenine Thymine
Cytosine Guanine

7. The backbone of DNA is
formed by alternating sugar
and phosphates held
together by a strong bond.
Nucleotide
The rungs of the ladder are formed by the four
nitrogen bases and are held together by weak
hydrogen bonds.

8. Adenine Thymine
Cytosine Guanine
The bases of DNA pair with
each other in a
predictable way.
A ALWAYS PAIRS WITH T
C ALWAYS PAIRS WITH G
What does dNA look like?

9. How does DNA work?
The 4 letters of DNA make up codons.
These chemicals are repeated in
various orders over and over. These
codons make up genes. These genes
tell cells how to make a protein
that controls everything in the cell.

10. Let's Practice!
One strand of DNA has the base sequence
What is the complementary strand of DNA?
T A C G A T T G A

11. T A C G A T T G A
A T G C T A A C T
Answer!

12. An Introduction to the Function
and Characteristics of DNA
Structure
of DNA

13. Discovery of DNA
Function of DNA
Characteristics of DNA
Lesson Outline

14. DNA fingerprinting is an
essential tool in forensic
science. It does not precisely
determine the suspect's identity
but helps narrow it down.
Which suspect's DNA closely
matches the sample from the
crime scene?
Locus 1
Crime Scene
Sample Suspect 1 Suspect 2
Locus 2
Locus 3
DNA in Forensic Science
Suspect 3

15. Name the scientists who discovered DNA's structure.
Cite the characteristics of DNA.
Explain the primary function of DNA.
Learning Outcomes

16. THE DISCOVERY
In 1953, they concluded that the
DNA molecule appears as a
three-dimensional double helix.
They used X-ray crystallography
to study DNA's structure, which
helped Watson and Crick with
their discovery.
James Watson and
Francis Crick
Rosalind Franklin
and Maurice Wilkins

17. CHARACTERISTICS OF DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Made of nucleotide monomers
Consists of two nucleotide chains
Each nucleotide consists of a
sugar molecule, a phosphate
group, and a nitrogen-containing
base
DNA
DNA Double Helix

18. CHARACTERISTICS OF DNA
Hydrogen bonds between complementary bases hold DNA's two polynucleotide chains.
Adenine (A) bonds with thymine (T).
Cytosine (C) bonds with guanine (G).
Base Pairs

19. The sequence or order of the
bases in a specific DNA strand is
related to the expression of
specific traits and qualities.
For example, the sequence GTC
ATT might be responsible for
curly brown hair, while GTC AAT
might be responsible for straight
black hair.
Did You Know?

20. It stores genetic information necessary for
organisms to develop, survive, and reproduce.
Damage to DNA may cause cells to stop
dividing, cell death, or become malignant.
FUNCTION OF DNA

21. SUMMARY
The double-helical
model came from
the combined work
of Watson, Crick,
Franklin, and Wilkins.
DNA is made of nucleotide monomers.
The four bases are adenosine, thymine,
cytosine, and guanine.
The Discovery
DNA Characteristics
DNA stores an organism's genetic information.
DNA Function

22. How does DNA replication occur?
Use a graphic organizer to show
the step-by-step process.
ASSIGNMENT

23. REFERENCE
CK-12. "DNA Structure and Replication."
Retrieved November 30, 2022 from
https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-biology-
flexbook-2.0/section/4.3/primary/lesson/dna-
structure-and-replication-bio/#modality-title

24. Text
TIP: Use links to go to a
different page inside your
presentation.
HOW: Highlight text, click
on the link symbol on the
toolbar, and select the
page in your presentation
that you want to connect.
TEXT
Resource Page Use these elements and illustrations in your Canva Presentation.
Happy designing! Don't forget to delete this page before presenting.

25. GENETICS
Basic concepts

26. What is genetics?
1
Where are genes located?
2
What are probability charts?
What are genes?
4
3
What are alleles?
5
TABLE OF CONTENT:

27. WHAT IS GENETICS?
In the last century, the reason
why some people inherit certain
traits while others do not, has
been subject of much research.
Surprisingly enough, the
answer lies within the cell!

28. WHERE ARE THE GENES?
This information is located inside each cell.
NUCLEUS CHROMOSOMES DNA ALPHABET

29. NUCLEUS
Under the microscope, the most evident
part of the cell is the nucleus. It is also
the most crucial part of it.
It is located in the center of the cell,
surrounded by a membrane which keeps
all the chromosomes inside.

30. CHROMOSOMES
Inside each cell, there are 23
pairs of chromosomes.
They are structures that are
difficult to see under the microscope;
however, they become more evident
when the cell is divided.

31. DNA
In chemical terms, DNA is a
polymer of nucleotides. In other
words, a polynucleotide.
A polymer is a compound
formed by many simple units
connected to each other.

32. The human genome
has only 4 letters:
Purine bases:
Adenine A and Guanine G
Pyrimidine bases:
Thymine T and Cytosine C
ALPHABET

33. WHAT ARE GENES?
In humans, genes vary in size from
a few hundred DNA bases to over
2 million bases.
Genes are composed of segments of
DNA, the molecule that encodes
genetic information in cells.
Some act as instructions to produce
molecules called proteins, and many
of them do not apparently encode.
A gene is the fundamental physical
and functional unit of heredity.

34. An individual inherits two alleles
for each gene; one from the father
and the other from the mother.
Alleles are located at the
same position within
homologous chromosomes.
WHAT ARE ALLELES?
An allele is each of the two or more versions of a gene.

35. HOMOZYGOUS
If both alleles are identical, the
individual is homozygous for this gene.
HETEROZYGOUS
If both alleles are different, the
individual is heterozygous for this gene.
ALLELES

36. WHAT ARE
PROBABILITY CHARTS?
These are diagrams designed and used
to determine the probability that a
product will have a certain genotype.
They allow for the observation of
all possible combinations. Dominant
alleles are represented with
uppercase letters, and recessive
alleles with lowercase letters.

37. Adenine (A)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)
Thymine (T)
The ‘code’ on each strand
of DNA is made up of four
different nucleotides.