Species records of protected areas by creating checklists and updating them is crucial to understand species distribution, dynamics and possible threats to them. Chintamani Kar Bird Sanctuary is a protected area famed for its wide variety of floral and faunal diversity, located in close proximity to the metropolis of Kolkata and odonata is real flagship taxa of freshwater ecosystems, often used as indicator species to assess the quality of their close environment. Adult odonata (both suborder- Anisoptera; Dragonfly & Zygoptera; Damselfly) needs resource-rich terrestrial habitats for maturation, feeding, resting, and mating. Species diversity indices like Simpson and Shannon are applied to analyze the odonatan population diversity in this protected area. Our study of odonata populations has been made for the first time in this protected area. As far as species richness is concerned, the family Libellulidae is found to be dominant among Anisoptera whereas species of the family Coenagrionidae is dominant among Zygoptera. Our observations support the importance of this region in providing valuable habitats for Odonata.
Mangrove conservation planning using remote sensingEmmanuel Olatunji
This document discusses using remote sensing for mangrove conservation planning. It provides examples of using Landsat satellite imagery to analyze mangrove area and density changes over time in locations like the Philippines and India. Remote sensing techniques like NDVI analysis and image classification are used to measure and monitor mangrove degradation. The document concludes that while remote sensing provides a qualitative assessment, the quality depends on access, time, and funds, and understanding mangroves is key to conserving them.
Captive Breeding: Genetic and Demographic ManagementDrPrincelinaBora
It is a presentation about the genetic and population management of captive stock of wild animals which can be eventually reintroduced into the wild. It covers basically the aspects of setting genetic and demographic goal before starting a captive stock and also measures to reduce adaptation to captive environment which is detrimental in the wild. At the end some success stories have been added basically for captive programs conducted in India. All the references from where the data have been taken are given with the file.
There are four main benefits that wildlife provides to humans: economic, medical/scientific, aesthetic/recreational, and ecological. Economically, wildlife benefits humans through industries like hunting, fishing, and wildlife watching, which together amount to over $18 billion annually in the US. Medicinally, plants have provided medicine for 80% of the world's population and make up about 40% of all medicines. Aesthetically, wildlife viewing motivates recreational activities and ecotourism. Ecologically, all living things interact within ecosystems, so impacts to one species can affect many others.
Population counting method line transect, point count, mark and recaptureTarique Bin Aziz
Line transect, point count, and mark-recapture are three common population counting methods. Line transect involves walking or flying along a straight transect line and recording sightings and their perpendicular distances. Point count involves recording all birds seen and heard from count stations for a set time period. Mark-recapture involves capturing and marking a sample of the population, releasing them, then capturing another sample to estimate the total population size based on the proportion that were marked. Each method makes assumptions about animal behavior and has advantages such as being economical or applicable throughout the year as well as disadvantages like missing rare species.
By conservation census, all individuals of a population within an area are counted directly. When this is not possible, sampling methods are used to estimate the total population size. Common census methods include quadrat sampling, mark-recapture, distance sampling, camera trapping, and other direct counting techniques. Census data provides information on population status, distributions, behaviors, and is used to inform conservation strategies.
Wildlife conservation efforts aim to protect endangered species around the world. In the US, there are nearly 1,000 endangered animal and plant species. Habitat destruction is the primary cause of endangerment, as human activity rapidly destroys habitats. Other threats include invasive species, overexploitation, disease, and pollution. The Endangered Species Act of 1973 and establishment of wildlife refuges help protect species. Specific conservation successes include the recovery of the American bald eagle from pesticide poisoning and international whaling regulations helping whale populations rebound.
The document analyzes the avian diversity in Jiwaji University Campus in India, recording 52 species of birds belonging to 13 orders and 32 families. It finds the highest diversity of birds at certain study sites within the campus and seasonal variations in bird populations. The study aims to understand the importance of the campus habitat for birds and suggest conservation measures to protect the ecosystem.
very informative and breifly descibe the taxonomic classification , morphology, host spectrum, life cycle , control measures, treatment , public health significance , Susceptibility of sheep and prevalence of flies of blowflies or bottle flies and helpful in understanding the bottle flies
Mangrove conservation planning using remote sensingEmmanuel Olatunji
This document discusses using remote sensing for mangrove conservation planning. It provides examples of using Landsat satellite imagery to analyze mangrove area and density changes over time in locations like the Philippines and India. Remote sensing techniques like NDVI analysis and image classification are used to measure and monitor mangrove degradation. The document concludes that while remote sensing provides a qualitative assessment, the quality depends on access, time, and funds, and understanding mangroves is key to conserving them.
Captive Breeding: Genetic and Demographic ManagementDrPrincelinaBora
It is a presentation about the genetic and population management of captive stock of wild animals which can be eventually reintroduced into the wild. It covers basically the aspects of setting genetic and demographic goal before starting a captive stock and also measures to reduce adaptation to captive environment which is detrimental in the wild. At the end some success stories have been added basically for captive programs conducted in India. All the references from where the data have been taken are given with the file.
There are four main benefits that wildlife provides to humans: economic, medical/scientific, aesthetic/recreational, and ecological. Economically, wildlife benefits humans through industries like hunting, fishing, and wildlife watching, which together amount to over $18 billion annually in the US. Medicinally, plants have provided medicine for 80% of the world's population and make up about 40% of all medicines. Aesthetically, wildlife viewing motivates recreational activities and ecotourism. Ecologically, all living things interact within ecosystems, so impacts to one species can affect many others.
Population counting method line transect, point count, mark and recaptureTarique Bin Aziz
Line transect, point count, and mark-recapture are three common population counting methods. Line transect involves walking or flying along a straight transect line and recording sightings and their perpendicular distances. Point count involves recording all birds seen and heard from count stations for a set time period. Mark-recapture involves capturing and marking a sample of the population, releasing them, then capturing another sample to estimate the total population size based on the proportion that were marked. Each method makes assumptions about animal behavior and has advantages such as being economical or applicable throughout the year as well as disadvantages like missing rare species.
By conservation census, all individuals of a population within an area are counted directly. When this is not possible, sampling methods are used to estimate the total population size. Common census methods include quadrat sampling, mark-recapture, distance sampling, camera trapping, and other direct counting techniques. Census data provides information on population status, distributions, behaviors, and is used to inform conservation strategies.
Wildlife conservation efforts aim to protect endangered species around the world. In the US, there are nearly 1,000 endangered animal and plant species. Habitat destruction is the primary cause of endangerment, as human activity rapidly destroys habitats. Other threats include invasive species, overexploitation, disease, and pollution. The Endangered Species Act of 1973 and establishment of wildlife refuges help protect species. Specific conservation successes include the recovery of the American bald eagle from pesticide poisoning and international whaling regulations helping whale populations rebound.
The document analyzes the avian diversity in Jiwaji University Campus in India, recording 52 species of birds belonging to 13 orders and 32 families. It finds the highest diversity of birds at certain study sites within the campus and seasonal variations in bird populations. The study aims to understand the importance of the campus habitat for birds and suggest conservation measures to protect the ecosystem.
very informative and breifly descibe the taxonomic classification , morphology, host spectrum, life cycle , control measures, treatment , public health significance , Susceptibility of sheep and prevalence of flies of blowflies or bottle flies and helpful in understanding the bottle flies
This document discusses various methods for conducting wildlife censuses. It begins by defining wildlife census and describing two main types: total count census and sample count census. It then outlines 14 different census methods including roadside index surveys, dung surveys, water hole surveys, quadrate sampling, distance sampling, camera trapping and line transect surveys. Specific details are provided for several of these methods. The document concludes by stating that wildlife censuses help determine population status, distribution, reproductive behavior and numbers to inform conservation strategies.
Threat of sea turtle Rajeev raghavan Kufos kerala Ashish sahu
Sea turtles, sometimes called marine turtles, are reptiles of the order Testudines and of the suborder Cryptodira. The seven existing species of sea turtles are the green sea turtle, loggerhead sea turtle, Kemp's ridley sea turtle, olive ridley sea turtle, hawksbill sea turtle, flatback sea turtle, and leatherback sea turtle.
Sea turtle, any of seven species of marine turtles belonging to the families Dermochelyidae (leatherback sea turtles) and Cheloniidae (green turtles, flatback sea turtles, loggerhead sea turtles, hawksbills, and ridleys).
Seven different species of sea (or marine) turtles grace our ocean waters, from the shallow seagrass beds of the Indian Ocean, to the colorful reefs of the Coral Triangle, and even the sandy beaches of the Eastern Pacific. WWFs work on sea turtles focuses on five of those species: green, hawksbill, loggerhead, leatherback and olive ridley.
See more on worldwildlife.org
Mammals are defined as animals that have hair, are warm-blooded, and nourish their young with milk. Some key mammalian features include temperature regulation, mammary glands, and giving birth to live young. Mammalogy is the study of mammals and includes their structure, function, evolution, behavior, taxonomy, and management. Important figures in the early history of mammalogy include Aristotle, who developed one of the first classification systems for animals, and Pliny the Elder, who compiled a large encyclopedia of biological knowledge. More recent influential mammalogists established natural history museums, explored North America documenting plants and animals, and developed systems for biological classification.
This document summarizes fish migration. It defines fish migration as seasonal movement that implies returning to the starting point. It discusses different types of migratory fish species and patterns of migration including diadromous, potamodromous, and oceanodromous. The causes of migration are to avoid unfavorable conditions and exploit food sources. Physical, chemical, and biological factors influence migration. Advantages include access to more food, breeding places, and distribution while avoiding competition. Conservation of migratory fish is important for sustaining fisheries and coastal communities.
Study of avian diversity in and around chinariHamid Ur-Rahman
This study surveyed the avian diversity in and around Chinari, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan over different seasons in 2009. A total of 72 bird species from 13 orders and 39 families were observed. Species richness and abundance were highest in summer with 54 species and 316 individuals, respectively. The most common orders observed were Passeriformes and Coraciformes. The study found variation in avian diversity and population between seasons likely due to food availability and breeding periods. It recommends further surveys and conservation programs to protect endangered species in the area.
Zoological nomenclature establishes scientific names for animal taxa according to a set of international rules to ensure names are unique, universal, and stable, with each taxon having a designated type specimen to serve as the objective standard for applying its name. The principle of priority dictates that the oldest available name for a taxon is the valid name, while the principle of the first reviser resolves situations where two names have the same date. Names apply to both living and extinct animals according to these principles and rules.
This document discusses methods for capturing and restraining wild animals. It describes physical restraint techniques like traps, nets, and snares, as well as chemical immobilization using anesthetic drugs. Chemical immobilization allows targeting of individual animals and has advantages over physical methods, but also risks from improper drug doses. A variety of factors influence drug effects across species, ages, and health statuses. Common drug types include sedatives, tranquilizers, and neuromuscular blockers, which are administered remotely or via syringes depending on the situation. Proper darting sites aim to minimize risks from injury or drug blocking.
This document discusses various morphometric measurements that can be taken when analyzing fish specimens. It lists 31 specific linear measurements that are commonly used, such as total length, fork length, standard length, head length, pre-dorsal length, and measurements of fins and other body parts. The measurements are useful for identification, comparisons between specimens, and studies of growth and maturity. References are provided for additional resources on fish morphology and measurement techniques.
This document discusses the appendages of the thorax (legs and wings) and abdomen (male and female genitalia) in insects. It describes the typical structure of insect legs, and various modifications including cursorial, saltatorial, raptorial, fossorial, natatorial, clinging, silk secreting, antenna cleaner, pollen collecting, and basket-like legs. Wing structures are also summarized, including typical wings, wing modifications like elytra and hemelytra, and wing coupling apparatuses. Finally, the document provides an overview of male and female genitalia in insects.
Population ecology is the study of populations in relation to their environment. Key concepts include population size, density, growth rates, and limiting factors. Population growth can be exponential in unlimited environments but becomes logistic as resources are depleted. The logistic model describes sigmoid growth with a carrying capacity K, where population growth rate is highest at N=K/2. Natality, mortality, immigration, and emigration influence population size. Estimating population density can involve direct counts, sampling methods like quadrats, or capture-recapture of marked individuals.
Trachypithecus geei (Golden Langur) and its Conservation StrategyMettleBRAHMA
The document summarizes information about the golden langur (Trachypithecus geei), including its physical characteristics, habitat range, population status, threats, diet, behavior, reproduction, and conservation efforts. It was discovered in 1954 in India and Bhutan. Currently found only in small forests in Assam, India and Bhutan, its population has declined to around 2,500 due to habitat loss and degradation. The golden langur is listed as endangered by IUCN and protected under wildlife laws in India and Bhutan.
This document provides information on zoological nomenclature and the rules for naming species. It discusses the proper formatting for binomial names, including using commas and parentheses. It also describes new combinations when a species is moved to a different genus. Other topics covered include the use of brackets, abbreviations, the derivation of names, and the shortest and longest binomial and trinomial names. The document also discusses availability, which determines whether a published name can be officially recognized.
Daphnia, also known as water fleas, are small freshwater crustaceans that range in size from 0.5mm to 1cm. There are over 100 species of Daphnia. While vertebrates and some invertebrates contain hemoglobin in their red blood cells to transport oxygen, Daphnia do not have respiratory systems or red blood cells and instead rely on diffusion of oxygen through their transparent outer shells. However, in hypoxic conditions Daphnia can increase hemoglobin production to carry more oxygen through their circulatory systems to their tissues. Daphnia reproduce both sexually through resting eggs in unfavorable conditions and asexually through parthenogenesis in favorable conditions,
The Structure and Function of Insect. Amani Riyadh
This document discusses the structure and function of the insect cuticle and exoskeleton. It describes the cuticle as having three layers - endocuticle, exocuticle, and epicuticle. The cuticle provides protection, prevents water loss, and allows for muscle attachment. Insects molt periodically to allow for growth, shedding the old exoskeleton. This involves several steps including apolysis, procuticle deposition, ecdysis, and hardening of the new cuticle. Cuticular appendages and coloration also have important protective and signaling functions.
use of gis and remote sensing in wildlife and forestrywaiton sherekete
GIS technology and remote sensing are effective tools for managing, analyzing, and visualizing wildlife and forestry data to support conservation efforts. GIS helps professionals examine habitat requirements and ranges, population distributions, disease levels, and monitor the effectiveness of management activities. It provides detailed spatial data and enables the evaluation of alternative resource management plans. GIS is useful for wildlife and forestry inventory, simulation of scenarios, and developing decision support systems.
This document provides an outline for a presentation on egg dumping and parental care in insects. It discusses egg dumping behaviors seen in various insect species where females lay eggs in other females' nests. It then covers parental care behaviors across solitary, communal, and social insect species. Various forms of parental care are described, including maternal, paternal, and biparental care behaviors like egg guarding, larval feeding, and nest defense. Specific examples are given for different orders of insects that exhibit these parental care behaviors.
Population dynamics is the study of changes in population sizes over time. Key aspects include population size, density, distribution, and growth trends. Population size is the number of individuals in an area, while density is the number per unit area. Mark-recapture sampling estimates population size by capturing, marking, and recapturing individuals. Demography analyzes population changes through birth rates, death rates, immigration, and emigration to determine growth rates. Populations can exhibit exponential or logistic growth patterns, with the latter limited by environmental carrying capacity. Many factors like resources, competition, and species interactions influence population growth.
This document provides information on taxonomies of commercially important fish belonging to the order Cypriniformes. It begins by describing the order Cypriniformes, which contains over 3000 species of freshwater fish divided among characins, electric eels, and carps. It then lists the main families in this order including Cyprinidae, which is the largest family containing carps and minnows. The document proceeds to provide more detailed information on taxonomy and characteristics of several commercially important species within the family Cyprinidae, including the rohu, catla, common carp, grass carp, and mrigal carp.
To get practical knowledge about poultry management.
To practice Broiler management.
To identify the problem in poultry and broiler management.
Poultry is the domestication and rearing of birds like
Chicken
Turkeys
Guinea fowls
Ducks
Quails
for the purpose of meat and eggs which are highly nutritive supplementing foods and high-quality protein.
Daily observation & cleaning
Housing
Feeding
Watering
Weighing
Egg collection
Debeaking
Culling
Feed supplement
Egg quality parameters
Insect diversity of Sri Lankamalleswara Reserve forest in the Eastern Ghats ...Dr Palem Harinath Reddy
Insect diversity at Sri Lankamalleswara reserve forest (14°45' - 14°72' N & 79°07' - 78°80' E), Kadapa in
the Eastern Ghats of Southern Andhra Pradesh was studied during the period from June 2013 to
September 2014. Nearly 75 species of butterflies, 12 moth species from Lepidoptera; 4 ant species, one
wasp, 6 bee species from Hymenoptera; 7 cricket species of Orthoptera; 5 bug species from Hemiptera;
3 mosquito species, 4 housefly species, 2 species of flies from Diptera; 8 species of dragon flies, 2
species of damselflies from Odonata; 3 beetles from Coleopteran; one species each from Thysanura; and
Mantodea and 2 species from Phasmatodea; one species each from class Arachnida and Diploda were
identified. The seasonality, relative abundance and diversity of some insect groups was also recorded.
Majority of the insects are very much required for pollination. Some insects produce useful substances
such as honey, wax, lacquer and silk.
- The document summarizes a study that recorded 77 species of butterflies belonging to 9 families in Kushtia District, Bangladesh over a 2 year period from 2012-2014.
- The most common family recorded was Lycaenidae (23 species), followed by Hesperiidae (14 species) and Nymphalidae (12 species).
- Butterflies were observed on a variety of flowering plant species. The highest butterfly diversity was observed in December during the pre-winter season.
- The study provides an initial checklist of butterfly species in Kushtia District and notes that further surveys are needed to fully document the butterfly diversity of the region.
This document discusses various methods for conducting wildlife censuses. It begins by defining wildlife census and describing two main types: total count census and sample count census. It then outlines 14 different census methods including roadside index surveys, dung surveys, water hole surveys, quadrate sampling, distance sampling, camera trapping and line transect surveys. Specific details are provided for several of these methods. The document concludes by stating that wildlife censuses help determine population status, distribution, reproductive behavior and numbers to inform conservation strategies.
Threat of sea turtle Rajeev raghavan Kufos kerala Ashish sahu
Sea turtles, sometimes called marine turtles, are reptiles of the order Testudines and of the suborder Cryptodira. The seven existing species of sea turtles are the green sea turtle, loggerhead sea turtle, Kemp's ridley sea turtle, olive ridley sea turtle, hawksbill sea turtle, flatback sea turtle, and leatherback sea turtle.
Sea turtle, any of seven species of marine turtles belonging to the families Dermochelyidae (leatherback sea turtles) and Cheloniidae (green turtles, flatback sea turtles, loggerhead sea turtles, hawksbills, and ridleys).
Seven different species of sea (or marine) turtles grace our ocean waters, from the shallow seagrass beds of the Indian Ocean, to the colorful reefs of the Coral Triangle, and even the sandy beaches of the Eastern Pacific. WWFs work on sea turtles focuses on five of those species: green, hawksbill, loggerhead, leatherback and olive ridley.
See more on worldwildlife.org
Mammals are defined as animals that have hair, are warm-blooded, and nourish their young with milk. Some key mammalian features include temperature regulation, mammary glands, and giving birth to live young. Mammalogy is the study of mammals and includes their structure, function, evolution, behavior, taxonomy, and management. Important figures in the early history of mammalogy include Aristotle, who developed one of the first classification systems for animals, and Pliny the Elder, who compiled a large encyclopedia of biological knowledge. More recent influential mammalogists established natural history museums, explored North America documenting plants and animals, and developed systems for biological classification.
This document summarizes fish migration. It defines fish migration as seasonal movement that implies returning to the starting point. It discusses different types of migratory fish species and patterns of migration including diadromous, potamodromous, and oceanodromous. The causes of migration are to avoid unfavorable conditions and exploit food sources. Physical, chemical, and biological factors influence migration. Advantages include access to more food, breeding places, and distribution while avoiding competition. Conservation of migratory fish is important for sustaining fisheries and coastal communities.
Study of avian diversity in and around chinariHamid Ur-Rahman
This study surveyed the avian diversity in and around Chinari, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan over different seasons in 2009. A total of 72 bird species from 13 orders and 39 families were observed. Species richness and abundance were highest in summer with 54 species and 316 individuals, respectively. The most common orders observed were Passeriformes and Coraciformes. The study found variation in avian diversity and population between seasons likely due to food availability and breeding periods. It recommends further surveys and conservation programs to protect endangered species in the area.
Zoological nomenclature establishes scientific names for animal taxa according to a set of international rules to ensure names are unique, universal, and stable, with each taxon having a designated type specimen to serve as the objective standard for applying its name. The principle of priority dictates that the oldest available name for a taxon is the valid name, while the principle of the first reviser resolves situations where two names have the same date. Names apply to both living and extinct animals according to these principles and rules.
This document discusses methods for capturing and restraining wild animals. It describes physical restraint techniques like traps, nets, and snares, as well as chemical immobilization using anesthetic drugs. Chemical immobilization allows targeting of individual animals and has advantages over physical methods, but also risks from improper drug doses. A variety of factors influence drug effects across species, ages, and health statuses. Common drug types include sedatives, tranquilizers, and neuromuscular blockers, which are administered remotely or via syringes depending on the situation. Proper darting sites aim to minimize risks from injury or drug blocking.
This document discusses various morphometric measurements that can be taken when analyzing fish specimens. It lists 31 specific linear measurements that are commonly used, such as total length, fork length, standard length, head length, pre-dorsal length, and measurements of fins and other body parts. The measurements are useful for identification, comparisons between specimens, and studies of growth and maturity. References are provided for additional resources on fish morphology and measurement techniques.
This document discusses the appendages of the thorax (legs and wings) and abdomen (male and female genitalia) in insects. It describes the typical structure of insect legs, and various modifications including cursorial, saltatorial, raptorial, fossorial, natatorial, clinging, silk secreting, antenna cleaner, pollen collecting, and basket-like legs. Wing structures are also summarized, including typical wings, wing modifications like elytra and hemelytra, and wing coupling apparatuses. Finally, the document provides an overview of male and female genitalia in insects.
Population ecology is the study of populations in relation to their environment. Key concepts include population size, density, growth rates, and limiting factors. Population growth can be exponential in unlimited environments but becomes logistic as resources are depleted. The logistic model describes sigmoid growth with a carrying capacity K, where population growth rate is highest at N=K/2. Natality, mortality, immigration, and emigration influence population size. Estimating population density can involve direct counts, sampling methods like quadrats, or capture-recapture of marked individuals.
Trachypithecus geei (Golden Langur) and its Conservation StrategyMettleBRAHMA
The document summarizes information about the golden langur (Trachypithecus geei), including its physical characteristics, habitat range, population status, threats, diet, behavior, reproduction, and conservation efforts. It was discovered in 1954 in India and Bhutan. Currently found only in small forests in Assam, India and Bhutan, its population has declined to around 2,500 due to habitat loss and degradation. The golden langur is listed as endangered by IUCN and protected under wildlife laws in India and Bhutan.
This document provides information on zoological nomenclature and the rules for naming species. It discusses the proper formatting for binomial names, including using commas and parentheses. It also describes new combinations when a species is moved to a different genus. Other topics covered include the use of brackets, abbreviations, the derivation of names, and the shortest and longest binomial and trinomial names. The document also discusses availability, which determines whether a published name can be officially recognized.
Daphnia, also known as water fleas, are small freshwater crustaceans that range in size from 0.5mm to 1cm. There are over 100 species of Daphnia. While vertebrates and some invertebrates contain hemoglobin in their red blood cells to transport oxygen, Daphnia do not have respiratory systems or red blood cells and instead rely on diffusion of oxygen through their transparent outer shells. However, in hypoxic conditions Daphnia can increase hemoglobin production to carry more oxygen through their circulatory systems to their tissues. Daphnia reproduce both sexually through resting eggs in unfavorable conditions and asexually through parthenogenesis in favorable conditions,
The Structure and Function of Insect. Amani Riyadh
This document discusses the structure and function of the insect cuticle and exoskeleton. It describes the cuticle as having three layers - endocuticle, exocuticle, and epicuticle. The cuticle provides protection, prevents water loss, and allows for muscle attachment. Insects molt periodically to allow for growth, shedding the old exoskeleton. This involves several steps including apolysis, procuticle deposition, ecdysis, and hardening of the new cuticle. Cuticular appendages and coloration also have important protective and signaling functions.
use of gis and remote sensing in wildlife and forestrywaiton sherekete
GIS technology and remote sensing are effective tools for managing, analyzing, and visualizing wildlife and forestry data to support conservation efforts. GIS helps professionals examine habitat requirements and ranges, population distributions, disease levels, and monitor the effectiveness of management activities. It provides detailed spatial data and enables the evaluation of alternative resource management plans. GIS is useful for wildlife and forestry inventory, simulation of scenarios, and developing decision support systems.
This document provides an outline for a presentation on egg dumping and parental care in insects. It discusses egg dumping behaviors seen in various insect species where females lay eggs in other females' nests. It then covers parental care behaviors across solitary, communal, and social insect species. Various forms of parental care are described, including maternal, paternal, and biparental care behaviors like egg guarding, larval feeding, and nest defense. Specific examples are given for different orders of insects that exhibit these parental care behaviors.
Population dynamics is the study of changes in population sizes over time. Key aspects include population size, density, distribution, and growth trends. Population size is the number of individuals in an area, while density is the number per unit area. Mark-recapture sampling estimates population size by capturing, marking, and recapturing individuals. Demography analyzes population changes through birth rates, death rates, immigration, and emigration to determine growth rates. Populations can exhibit exponential or logistic growth patterns, with the latter limited by environmental carrying capacity. Many factors like resources, competition, and species interactions influence population growth.
This document provides information on taxonomies of commercially important fish belonging to the order Cypriniformes. It begins by describing the order Cypriniformes, which contains over 3000 species of freshwater fish divided among characins, electric eels, and carps. It then lists the main families in this order including Cyprinidae, which is the largest family containing carps and minnows. The document proceeds to provide more detailed information on taxonomy and characteristics of several commercially important species within the family Cyprinidae, including the rohu, catla, common carp, grass carp, and mrigal carp.
To get practical knowledge about poultry management.
To practice Broiler management.
To identify the problem in poultry and broiler management.
Poultry is the domestication and rearing of birds like
Chicken
Turkeys
Guinea fowls
Ducks
Quails
for the purpose of meat and eggs which are highly nutritive supplementing foods and high-quality protein.
Daily observation & cleaning
Housing
Feeding
Watering
Weighing
Egg collection
Debeaking
Culling
Feed supplement
Egg quality parameters
Insect diversity of Sri Lankamalleswara Reserve forest in the Eastern Ghats ...Dr Palem Harinath Reddy
Insect diversity at Sri Lankamalleswara reserve forest (14°45' - 14°72' N & 79°07' - 78°80' E), Kadapa in
the Eastern Ghats of Southern Andhra Pradesh was studied during the period from June 2013 to
September 2014. Nearly 75 species of butterflies, 12 moth species from Lepidoptera; 4 ant species, one
wasp, 6 bee species from Hymenoptera; 7 cricket species of Orthoptera; 5 bug species from Hemiptera;
3 mosquito species, 4 housefly species, 2 species of flies from Diptera; 8 species of dragon flies, 2
species of damselflies from Odonata; 3 beetles from Coleopteran; one species each from Thysanura; and
Mantodea and 2 species from Phasmatodea; one species each from class Arachnida and Diploda were
identified. The seasonality, relative abundance and diversity of some insect groups was also recorded.
Majority of the insects are very much required for pollination. Some insects produce useful substances
such as honey, wax, lacquer and silk.
- The document summarizes a study that recorded 77 species of butterflies belonging to 9 families in Kushtia District, Bangladesh over a 2 year period from 2012-2014.
- The most common family recorded was Lycaenidae (23 species), followed by Hesperiidae (14 species) and Nymphalidae (12 species).
- Butterflies were observed on a variety of flowering plant species. The highest butterfly diversity was observed in December during the pre-winter season.
- The study provides an initial checklist of butterfly species in Kushtia District and notes that further surveys are needed to fully document the butterfly diversity of the region.
PPT DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF BUTTERFLIES IN THATTEKKAD BUTTERFLY.pptxAnuVarghese97
The document discusses a study on the diversity and abundance of butterflies in Thattekkad Butterfly Park located in Ernakulam district, Kerala, India. The study found 76 butterfly species belonging to 5 families, with the Nymphalidae family being the most dominant. A total of 565 individual butterflies were observed. The butterfly population was highest in January and lowest in April. Common species included the Blue Tiger and Dark Blue Tiger. The park provides a favorable habitat for butterflies due to its diverse plant life which serves as a food source. Maintaining butterfly populations is important for conservation efforts and ecological balance.
PPT DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF BUTTERFLIES IN THATTEKKAD BUTTERFLY PARK.pptxAnuVarghese97
The document discusses a study on the diversity and abundance of butterflies in Thattekkad Butterfly Park located in Ernakulam district, Kerala, India. The study found 76 butterfly species belonging to 5 families, with the Nymphalidae family being the most dominant. A total of 565 individual butterflies were observed. The butterfly population was highest in January and lowest in April. Common species included the Blue Tiger and Dark Blue Tiger. The park provides a favorable habitat for butterflies due to its diverse plant life which serves as a food source. Maintaining butterfly populations is important for conservation efforts and ecological balance.
Base Line Data of Diversity of Family-Carabidae in pench Tiger Reserve (East)...dbpublications
Present study was conducted during the year 2012 - 2014 dealing with the exploration of beetle diversity from Pench Tiger Reserve (PTR), M. S. This is the first base line data created for PTR. Beetles were collected by routine methods, later identified up to species with standard key characters. Carabids are environmental indicators and their status affects ecological function. Twelve species of family –Carabidae are reported under nine genera belonging to seven sub- families. These sub-families are Licininae, Paussinae, Harpalinae, Scaritinae , Siagoninae, Anthiinae
and Panagaeinae and the species are Brachinus, Pheropsophus, Chlaenius, C. tricolor, C. velutinus, C. bioculatus, C. scapularis, Scarites, Eudema tomentosus, Siagona, Anthia sexguttata, and Pterostichus.
Intertidal amphipods crustacea amphipoda from pondicherry mangroves, southeas...Alexander Decker
This document describes a study that identified 7 species of amphipod crustaceans found in the mangroves of Pondicherry, India. The study involved collecting samples from 4 stations in the mangroves between 2008-2009 and identifying the amphipods. It describes the 7 identified species and provides details on their morphology, distribution, and habitat. The study suggests the amphipod diversity in these mangroves is relatively low compared to other areas in India and that further surveys are needed to better understand the biodiversity processes involving these crustaceans.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document summarizes a study on the diversity of butterfly species in the Union Council Koaz Bahram Dheri region of Pakistan. A total of 232 butterflies from 13 species across 3 families were collected and identified between July and October 2012. The family Nymphalidae was most abundant with 114 individuals (49%), followed by Pieridae with 86 (37%) and Papilionidae with 32 (14%). Danaus chrysippus was the most commonly observed species overall with 72 individuals (31%). Collection sites varied in species richness, with the highest diversity found at Hajji Sargund Kally. The highest butterfly activity occurred in the month of August.
Ecological Diversity of Flora and Fauna at Curzon Hall, University Of Dhaka, ...paperpublications3
Abstract:The diversity of local flora and fauna at the Curzon Hall premises, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh was studied from April 2nd, 2014 to January 10th, 2015. A total of 98 species of flora and fauna were found during the study. The study was done to observe the condition of the biodiversity and also to conserve them.
Ecological Diversity of Flora and Fauna at Curzon Hall, University Of Dhaka, ...paperpublications3
Abstract:The diversity of local flora and fauna at the Curzon Hall premises, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh was studied from April 2nd, 2014 to January 10th, 2015. A total of 98 species of flora and fauna were found during the study. The study was done to observe the condition of the biodiversity and also to conserve them.
Diversity and Richness of Ciconiiformes Species in Badagry Wetland Southweste...BRNSS Publication Hub
We examined the richness and diversity Ciconiiformes species in Badagry wetland southwestern Nigeria. Point count method was used to collect data on the richness and diversity of Ciconiiformes in the study area. Counting bands of the 50 m radius were used for all the stations. The minimum distance between two counting stations was 200 m, and 25 stations were used for this study. On arrival at the sites, birds were allowed time to settle before recording all the birds seen or heard for a predetermined time 20 min. From the result obtained, it indicates that the study area is rich Ciconiiformes species. A total of 16 Ciconiiformes species belonging to four families were recorded in the study area. The family Ardeidae has the highest number of bird species (11), this is followed by Ciconiidae family (3), Threskiornithidae and Scopidae families have one bird species each. The Shannon H index revealed that dry season (2.153) was lower than a wet season (2.357); this was based on the data collected during the period of the research study. From the result obtained of the relative abundance of bird species in the study area, it was revealed that the following four bird species Ardea cinerea, Ardea melanocephala, Scopus umbretta, and Bostrychia hagedash have the highest relative (4.44) individual bird species per square kilometer within the study area.
The document summarizes a study on butterfly diversity at the Agricultural College Campus in Killikulam, Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 721 butterflies from 60 species and 43 genera within 5 families were recorded. The Nymphalidae family had the highest abundance and species richness. The butterfly abundance fluctuated over months, with November having the most individuals recorded. Species diversity was highest for the Nymphalidae family. The diversity indices calculated indicate the area has rich butterfly diversity.
Diversity of Butterflies (Rhopalocera) inBulusukan (San Idelfonso, Bulacan, P...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
There are 1,615 species and sub species of butterflies in the entire Philippines (C.R Baltazar, 1991), LUBG San Fernando La Union has 104 species recorded they belong to 6 families and 66 genera(Nacua et al2015).In Manila,Nacua (2016) 22 species of butterflies belong to 6 families 17 genera were also recorded. Thisstudyseeks to determine the species composition, conservation status, richness and abundance of butterflies in the town of Bulusukan, a community in San Ildefonso, Bulacan province (Luzon Island, Philippines). The opportunistic transect sampling method was used to collect butterflies. Collection was done at daytime on August 6, 2016 from 8 am up to 5 pm in areas with GPS of 15°04'26.0652"northand 121°02'39.9588"east near the vicinity of Bulusukan Cave.Species richness and butterfly diversity in all areas sampled was calculated. A dendogram showing 75% species abundance was accounted and comes mostly from the secondary dipterocarp forest. Graphium antiphates Cramer, Ypthima semperaand Ptychandra lorquini-lorquini were found to be endemic to Bulusukan. Butterflies were observed to be attracted to shady forest areas consisting of mosses clinging on metamorphic rocks along a river and includes species from the families Nymphalidae and Papilionidae. This study was able to identify 21 butterfly species with 19 genera 2 of them are rare and 2 endemic species of butterflies in Bulusukan. It is recommended to continue further study for wet and dry season.
This document summarizes a study on the diversity and distribution of stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) in India. The study was conducted over five years and involved collecting bee specimens from different regions of India. A total of six species from two genera were identified. Tetragonula iridipennis and Tetragonula laeviceps were found to be the most commonly distributed species, found in all regions surveyed. The four main species found in South India were Tetragonula praeterita, Tetragonula iridipennis, Tetragonula bengalensis and Tetragonula laeviceps. Nesting behaviors also varied between species, with some preferring wood and others
A Survey on the Pteridophyte Flora of the 18 Selected Sacred Groves in Chalav...IJEABJ
An exploratory survey conducted on Pteridophytic flora in the 18 selected sacred groves of Chalavara Grama panchayath, Ottapalamtaluk, Palakkad district, Kerala lead to the collection of 26 species of pteridophytes coming under 20 genera and 14 families. Among them, 02 families belongs to class Lycopsida, 01 family belongs to class Psilotopsida and remaining belongs to class Polypodiopsida. Out of 26 species 21 species are terrestrial, 3 species are epiphytes and 2 species are aquatic.
This document provides an overview of amphibians in the Western Ghats region of India. It discusses that the Western Ghats harbor 161 species of amphibians, of which 138 species are endemic. Several families and genera found there are also endemic to the region. Species discovery in the Western Ghats has increased significantly since 2000, with over 50 new species described, indicating the region still harbors many undiscovered species. Many amphibian species in the Western Ghats are threatened due to habitat loss and degradation. While ecological studies on amphibians have increased, more research is still needed, particularly on tadpole ecology, to better understand habitat needs and inform conservation efforts.
ABSTRACT- Butterflies are the important pollinating agent for wild and crop plants. Despite of its global significance,
studies of butterfly diversity during monsoon and post-monsoon season in agroecosystem of Arjuni/Morgaon taluka of
Maharashtra have not been recently undertaken. Survey was carried out on butterflies of agricultural field during monsoon
and post-monsoon season, Arjuni/Morgaon, Maharashtra, India because it is now clear that in and around agricultural
fields particularly paddy field are unique ecosystems that provide some butterflies to complete their life span. Total 44
species of butterflies were recorded belonging to 32 genera and 5 families. Nymphalidae family is consisting of maximum
number of genera and species and only three species recorded from family Papilionidae. Maximum species richness
reported from July to November month. The present study will encourage the conservation of a wide range of indigenous
butterfly species in an area.
Key-words- Butterfly, Diversity, Fauna, Agricultural field, Monsoon, Post monsoon
This document summarizes a study that recorded a new butterfly species, Euploea radamanthus radamanthus, in the Dudpukuria-Dhopachari wildlife sanctuary in Bangladesh. A total of 64 butterfly species from 7 families were recorded during the study period from October 2013 to June 2014. Euploea radamanthus radamanthus is newly documented as occurring in Bangladesh based on photographs taken of the species mud puddling in the sanctuary. This adds to the knowledge of butterfly diversity and distribution in Bangladesh.
Beetles in Selected Barangays of Catarman, Northern Samar, Philippinesijtsrd
This initial research effort was conducted to identify the beetle species in five selected barangays of Catarman, Northern Samar, and describe the environmental factors that affect the presence of beetles in the study area. It used the descriptive method of research, with the purposive sampling technique as the sampling procedure utilized.Due to limitations of the researcher, a total of only seventeen 17 beetle species, belonging to eleven 11 families, were found present in different sampling sites. The most abundant of the beetle species individual was Harmonia axyridis, constituting 76.14 of the total number of beetles in the study area, while the least abundant were Alaus sp., and Diphucephala sp., each with only one 1 individual present, accounting for a relative abundance of only 0.46 . The air and soil temperature range between 27oC to 29oC. Grasses, trees, shrubs, and herbs were the common vegetation present in the study sites where beetles were found. This implies that environmental factors were conducive for the beetles to thrive in the area. The presence of different beetle species indicates the study area has a diverse beetle fauna, albeit it is only a small fraction of the total beetle species listed in the country. It is imperative that conservation efforts should be strengthened by the LGU in order to conserve not only the beetle population in the study area, but other organisms, both flora and fauna, as well. Jehosaphat C. Jazmin | Abel Alejandro U. Flores, Jr. ""Beetles in Selected Barangays of Catarman, Northern Samar, Philippines"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22937.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/22937/beetles-in-selected-barangays-of-catarman-northern-samar-philippines/jehosaphat-c-jazmin
Similar to DIVERSITY STUDY OF ODONATA IN CHINTAMANI KAR BIRD SANCTUARY, KOLKATA, WEST BENGAL, INDIA (20)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
This presentation by Thibault Schrepel, Associate Professor of Law at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam University, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
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The importance of sustainable and efficient computational practices in artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning has become increasingly critical. This webinar focuses on the intersection of sustainability and AI, highlighting the significance of energy-efficient deep learning, innovative randomization techniques in neural networks, the potential of reservoir computing, and the cutting-edge realm of neuromorphic computing. This webinar aims to connect theoretical knowledge with practical applications and provide insights into how these innovative approaches can lead to more robust, efficient, and environmentally conscious AI systems.
Webinar Speaker: Prof. Claudio Gallicchio, Assistant Professor, University of Pisa
Claudio Gallicchio is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Computer Science of the University of Pisa, Italy. His research involves merging concepts from Deep Learning, Dynamical Systems, and Randomized Neural Systems, and he has co-authored over 100 scientific publications on the subject. He is the founder of the IEEE CIS Task Force on Reservoir Computing, and the co-founder and chair of the IEEE Task Force on Randomization-based Neural Networks and Learning Systems. He is an associate editor of IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems (TNNLS).
This presentation by Tim Capel, Director of the UK Information Commissioner’s Office Legal Service, was made during the discussion “The Intersection between Competition and Data Privacy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 13 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/ibcdp.
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This presentation by Professor Giuseppe Colangelo, Jean Monnet Professor of European Innovation Policy, was made during the discussion “The Intersection between Competition and Data Privacy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 13 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/ibcdp.
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This presentation by Katharine Kemp, Associate Professor at the Faculty of Law & Justice at UNSW Sydney, was made during the discussion “The Intersection between Competition and Data Privacy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 13 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/ibcdp.
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This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “The Intersection between Competition and Data Privacy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 13 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/ibcdp.
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1.) Introduction
Our Movement is not new; it is the same as it was for Freedom, Justice, and Equality since we were labeled as slaves. However, this movement at its core must entail economics.
2.) Historical Context
This is the same movement because none of the previous movements, such as boycotts, were ever completed. For some, maybe, but for the most part, it’s just a place to keep your stable until you’re ready to assimilate them into your system. The rest of the crabs are left in the world’s worst parts, begging for scraps.
3.) Economic Empowerment
Our Movement aims to show that it is indeed possible for the less fortunate to establish their economic system. Everyone else – Caucasian, Asian, Mexican, Israeli, Jews, etc. – has their systems, and they all set up and usurp money from the less fortunate. So, the less fortunate buy from every one of them, yet none of them buy from the less fortunate. Moreover, the less fortunate really don’t have anything to sell.
4.) Collaboration with Organizations
Our Movement will demonstrate how organizations such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, National Urban League, Black Lives Matter, and others can assist in creating a much more indestructible Black Wall Street.
5.) Vision for the Future
Our Movement will not settle for less than those who came before us and stopped before the rights were equal. The economy, jobs, healthcare, education, housing, incarceration – everything is unfair, and what isn’t is rigged for the less fortunate to fail, as evidenced in society.
6.) Call to Action
Our movement has started and implemented everything needed for the advancement of the economic system. There are positions for only those who understand the importance of this movement, as failure to address it will continue the degradation of the people deemed less fortunate.
No, this isn’t Noah’s Ark, nor am I a Prophet. I’m just a man who wrote a couple of books, created a magnificent website: http://www.thearkproject.llc, and who truly hopes to try and initiate a truly sustainable economic system for deprived people. We may not all have the same beliefs, but if our methods are tried, tested, and proven, we can come together and help others. My website: http://www.thearkproject.llc is very informative and considerably controversial. Please check it out, and if you are afraid, leave immediately; it’s no place for cowards. The last Prophet said: “Whoever among you sees an evil action, then let him change it with his hand [by taking action]; if he cannot, then with his tongue [by speaking out]; and if he cannot, then, with his heart – and that is the weakest of faith.” [Sahih Muslim] If we all, or even some of us, did this, there would be significant change. We are able to witness it on small and grand scales, for example, from climate control to business partnerships. I encourage, invite, and challenge you all to support me by visiting my website.
This presentation by Juraj Čorba, Chair of OECD Working Party on Artificial Intelligence Governance (AIGO), was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
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Why Psychological Safety Matters for Software Teams - ACE 2024 - Ben Linders.pdfBen Linders
Psychological safety in teams is important; team members must feel safe and able to communicate and collaborate effectively to deliver value. It’s also necessary to build long-lasting teams since things will happen and relationships will be strained.
But, how safe is a team? How can we determine if there are any factors that make the team unsafe or have an impact on the team’s culture?
In this mini-workshop, we’ll play games for psychological safety and team culture utilizing a deck of coaching cards, The Psychological Safety Cards. We will learn how to use gamification to gain a better understanding of what’s going on in teams. Individuals share what they have learned from working in teams, what has impacted the team’s safety and culture, and what has led to positive change.
Different game formats will be played in groups in parallel. Examples are an ice-breaker to get people talking about psychological safety, a constellation where people take positions about aspects of psychological safety in their team or organization, and collaborative card games where people work together to create an environment that fosters psychological safety.
This presentation by Yong Lim, Professor of Economic Law at Seoul National University School of Law, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
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This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Pro-competitive Industrial Policy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/pcip.
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This presentation by Nathaniel Lane, Associate Professor in Economics at Oxford University, was made during the discussion “Pro-competitive Industrial Policy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/pcip.
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This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
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2. Diversity Study of Odonata in Chintamani Kar Bird Sanctuary, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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order-Odonata consists of two suborders, namely Anisoptera (dragonfly) and Zygoptera
(damselfly) with their respective families. There are around 6,324 species of Odonata known
from all over the world. Approximately 498 species of odonates occur in India, with
approximately 186 species being endemic, largely concentrated in two biodiversity hotspots of
India, viz., Western Ghats and Northeast India. Almost all of them are dependent on freshwater
habitats for their reproduction. Many species often have small distributions and are habitat
specific; hence they are often successfully used as indicators for environmental health and
conservation management. The majority of tropical odonates are ectotherms, warming up
through constant heat exchange with the surrounding environment. Thus, the present study is
providing some baseline information on odonata diversity of Chintamani Kar Bird Sanctuary,
a protected area situated in the suburban area of Kolkata City in West Bengal.
2. STUDY AREA
The Chintamani Kar Bird Sanctuary lies in pristine splendor in extended Kolkata. Originally
notified as a sanctuary in 1982, this 'Abhay Aranya' was acquired for the benefit of the public
by Govt. of West Bengal at a significant cost from private owners in October 2005. The area
was notified as Narendrapur Wildlife Sanctuary vide G O No.3019-FOR dated 8th September
2004 and later renamed as Chintamani Kar Bird Sanctuary vide G.O No.4300-
FOR/FR/O/L/6C-3/04 dated 21.10.2005. The Sanctuary was named after the noted sculpture
Sri Chintamani Kar, who along with many local people and many NGOs fought tirelessly for a
decade to obtain wildlife sanctuary status for 'Kayaler Bagan'. It is an orchard covered with
local fruit trees-many over a hundred years old.
It is a paradise spread across 17 acres, for range of floral and faunal diversity. Beside other
large arthropodan diversity of that particular area, the population of order- Odonata is also very
significant (Figure: 1)
Figure 1 Glimpses of our study area- Chintamani Kar Bird Sanctuary (Narendrapur, Kolkata).
3. STUDY PERIOD
The present study was conducted from May, 2018 to June 2019 during 7am to 10am in random
visit for 8 times for repeated sampling and total checklist was made on the basis of 8-day
observations.
For identification and nomenclature all the specimens were examined and identified to
species level based on the morphological characters and standard keys as provide by the
classification scheme of Schorr, M., Lindeboom, M. & Paulson, D. (2006). World Odonata
(Insecta) Checklist; Slater Museum of Natural History, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma,
WA, U.S.A. for different level of taxa and the species were confirmed based on external
morphology with reference to available literature of Subramanian.
3. Indraneel Saha, Suvajit Dey and Swagata Palit
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4. MATERIALS & METHODS
Equipment
Field photographs were taken by using Canon EOS 1200D camera with 18-55 and 55-250mm
lens.
Data Analysis
The richness of the species is based on the number of species present at the study site.
The species diversity both species richness and evenness were determined using Simpson’s
Index, with the following formula:
Simpson’s Index (D)= ∑n(n-1)/N(N-1)
Description
n = Total number of organisms of a particular species
N = Total number of organisms of all species.
The species diversity both species richness and proportion of each species within a
community was determined using Shannon-Wiener index, with the following formula:
Shannon Index(H) = -∑pilnpi
Description
pi = Proportion of individuals
ln= Natural logarithm.
5. RESULTS & OBSERVATION
During the study period total 30 species were recorded from that protected area (Figure 2).
Among the
Anisopterans, a maximum of 20 species were recorded belonging to the family
Libellulidae,2 species belonging to the family Aeshnidae and 1 species belonging to family
Gomphidae(Table: 1). In case of Zygoptera, family Coenagrionidae predominated with 7
species (Table: 2).
Table 1 List of odonata species (dragonfly) reported so far from our study area
SERIAL NO. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME
Family: Aeshnidae (Darner)
1 Blue Tailed Green Darner Anex guttatus
2 Brown Darner Gynacantha Dravida
Family: Gomphidae (Clubtails)
1 Common clubtail Ictinogomphus rapex
Family: Libellulidae (Skimmers)
1 Trumpet tail Acisoma panorpoides
2 Scarlet marsh hawk Aethriamanta brevipennis
3 Rufus backed Marsh hawk Brachydiplax chalybea
4 Little blue marsh hawk Brachydiplax sobrina
5 Ditch jewel Brachydiplax contaminata
6 Ruddy marsh skinmmer Crocothemis servilla
7 Black ground skimmer Diplacodes trivialis
8 Asiatic blood tail Lathrecista asiatica
4. Diversity Study of Odonata in Chintamani Kar Bird Sanctuary, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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9 Fulvous forest skimmer Neurothemis fulvia
10 Pied paddy skimmer Neurothemis tullia
11 Crimson tailed marsh hawk Orthetrum pruinosum
12 Green marsh hawk Orthetrum sabina
13 Wandering glider Pantala flavescens
14 Yellow tailed ashy skimmer Potamarcha congener
15 Rufus marsh glider Rhodothemis rufa
16 Common picture wing Rhyothemis variegate
17 Red marsh trotter Tramea basilaris
18 Long-legged marsh glider Trithemis pallidinervis
19 Greater crimson glider Urothemis signata
20 Brown dusk hawk Zyxomma petiolatum
Table 2 List of odonata species (damselfly) reported so far from our study area.
SERIAL NO. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME
Family: Coenagrionidae (Marsh Darts)
1. Pygmy dartlet Agriocnemics pygmaea
2. Orange tailed marsh dart Ceriagrion cerinorubellum
3. Coromandel marsh dart Ceriagrion coromandelianum
4. Senegal golden dartlet Ischnura senegalensis
5. Saffron faced blue dart Pseudagrion rubriceps
6. Black Marsh dart Onychargia atrocyana
7. Splendid dartlet Agriocnemis splendidissima
Rhyothemis variegata Neurothemis fulvia
Orthetrum sabina Brachythemis contaminata
5. Indraneel Saha, Suvajit Dey and Swagata Palit
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Neurothemis tullia Ischnura senegalensis
Ceriagrion coromandelianum Onychargia atrocyana
Figure 2 Some of odonata species found in our study area
[Dragonflies and Damselflies were collected, photographed, identified using standard taxonomic
literature (Fraser 1933a, 1934, 1936; Mitra 2006) and field-guides (Subramanian 2005, Andrew
et. al. 2008, Nair 2011)].
Table 3 Odonata species diversity abundance reported so far from our study area
FAMILY SPECIES
COMPOSITION
ABUNDANCE STATUS
Very Common Common Not Rare
Aeshnidae 2(0.6%) 1 1 0
Gomphidae 1(0.3%) 1 0 0
Libellulidae 20(6%) 10 5 5
Coenagrionidae 7(2.1%) 4 1 2
TOTAL 30 16 7 7
6. Diversity Study of Odonata in Chintamani Kar Bird Sanctuary, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Graph 1 Represent the percentage of four odonata family found during our study periods
Graph 2 Represents the species abundance of odonata species found during study periods (x axis =
family of odonatan species, y axis= number of species found)
Table 4 Simpson index for family: Aeshnidae (Darner)
Serial no. Species name n (number of
individuals of a
particular species)
(n-1) n(n-1)
1 Blue Tailed Green Darner 2 1 2
2 Brown Darner 2 1 2
N=∑n=4 ∑ n (n-1) = 4
D= ∑ n (n-1)/ N(N-1)
=0.333
76%
13%
8%3%
Graph 1: Species composition
Aeshnidae
Gomphidae
Libellulidae
Coenagrionidae
7. Indraneel Saha, Suvajit Dey and Swagata Palit
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Table 5 Simpson index for family: Gomphidae (Clubtails)
Serial no. Species name n (number of individuals
of a particular species)
(n-1) n(n-1)
1 Common Clubtail 4 3 12
N=∑n=4 ∑ n (n-1) = 12
D= ∑ n (n-1)/ N(N-1)
=1
Table 6 Simpson index for family: Libellulidae (Skimmers)
Serial no. Species name n (number of
individuals of a
particular species)
(n-1) n(n-1)
1 Trumpet tail 4 3 12
2 Scarlet marsh hawk 4 3 12
3 Rufous backed Marsh hawk 2 1 2
4 Little blue marsh hawk 3 2 6
5 Ditch jewel 4 3 12
6 Ruddy marsh skimmer 4 3 12
7 Black ground skimmer 2 1 2
8 Asiatic blood tail 2 1 2
9 Fulvous forest skimmer 3 2 6
10 Pied paddy skimmer 4 3 12
11 Crimson tailed marsh hawk 2 1 2
12 Green marsh hawk 2 1 2
13 Wandering glider 6 5 30
14 Yellow tailed ashy skimmer 2 1 2
15 Roufous marsh glider 4 3 12
16 Common picture wing 4 3 12
17 Red marsh trotter 2 1 2
18 Long-legged marsh glider 2 1 2
19 Greater crimson glider 2 1 2
20 Brown dusk hawk 2 1 2
N=∑n=66 ∑ n (n-1) = 146
D= ∑ n (n-1)/ N(N-1)
=0.035
8. Diversity Study of Odonata in Chintamani Kar Bird Sanctuary, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Table 7 Simpson index for family: Coenagrionidae (Marsh darts)
Serial no. Species name n (number of individuals
of a particular species)
(n-1) n(n-1)
1. Pygmy dartlet 3 2 6
2. Orange tailed marsh dart 2 1 2
3. Coromandel marsh dart 4 3 12
4. Senegal golden dartlet 2 1 2
5. Saffron faced blue dart 3 2 6
6. Black Marsh dart 2 1 2
7. Splendid dartlet 2 1 2
N=∑n= 18 ∑ n (n-1) = 32
D= ∑ n (n-1)/ N(N-1)
=0.104
Table 8 Shannon-Wiener index for family: Aeshnidae (Darner)
Serial
no.
Species name n (number of
individuals of a
particular
species)
n/N pi ln(pi) piln(pi)
1 Blue Tailed Green Darner 2 0.5 0.125 -2.08 -0.259
2 Brown Darner 2 0.5 0.125 -2.08 -0.259
N=∑n=4 ∑ piln(pi) =
-0.518
Table 9 Shannon-Wiener index for family: Gomphidae (Clubtails)
Serial
no.
Species name n (number of
individuals of a
particular species)
n/N pi ln(pi) piln(pi)
1 Common clubtail 4 1 0.25 -1.38 -3.38
N=∑n=4 ∑ piln( pi) =
-3.38
Table 10 Shannon-Wiener index for family: Libellulidae (Skimmers)
Serial
no.
Species name n (number of
individuals of a
particular species)
n/N pi ln(pi) piln(pi)
1 Trumpet tail 4 0.06 0.0009 -7.01 -0.006
2 Scarlet marsh hawk 4 0.06 0.0009 -7.01 -0.006
3 Rufous backed Marsh hawk 2 0.30 0.0045 -5.40 -0.024
4 Little blue marsh hawk 3 0.04 0.0006 -7.42 -0.004
5 Ditch jewel 4 0.06 0.0009 -7.01 -0.006
6 Ruddy marsh skimmer 4 0.06 0.0009 -7.01 -0.006
7 Black ground skimmer 2 0.30 0.0045 -5.40 -0.024
8 Asiatic blood tail 2 0.30 0.0045 -5.40 -0.024
9 Fulvous forest skimmer 3 0.04 0.0006 -7.42 -0.004
10 Pied paddy skimmer 4 0.06 0.0009 -7.01 -0.006
11 Crimson tailed marsh hawk 2 0.30 0.0045 -5.40 -0.024
12 Green marsh hawk 2 0.30 0.0045 -5.40 -0.024
9. Indraneel Saha, Suvajit Dey and Swagata Palit
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13 Wandering glider 6 0.09 0.0013 -6.64 -0.008
14 Yellow tailed ashy skimmer 2 0.30 0.0045 -5.40 -0.024
15 Rufous marsh glider 4 0.06 0.0009 -7.01 -0.006
16 Common picture wing 4 0.06 0.0009 -7.01 -0.006
17 Red marsh trotter 2 0.30 0.0045 -5.40 -0.024
18 Long-legged marsh glider 2 0.30 0.0045 -5.40 -0.024
19 Greater crimson glider 2 0.30 0.0045 -5.40 -0.024
20 Brown dusk hawk 2 0.30 0.0045 -5.40 -0.024
N=∑n=66 ∑ piln( pi)
= -0.298
Table 11 Shannon-Wiener index for family: Coenagrionidae (Marsh darts)
Serial
no.
Species name n (number of
individuals of a
particular species)
n/N pi ln(pi) piln(pi)
1. Pygmy dartlet 3 0.16 0.0088 -4.73 -0.041
2. Orange tailed marsh dart 2 0.11 0.0061 -5.09 -0.015
3. Coromandel marsh dart 4 0.22 0.0122 -4.40 -0.053
4. Senegal golden dartlet 2 0.11 0.0061 -5.09 -0.015
5. Saffron faced blue dart 3 0.16 0.0088 -4.73 -0.041
6. Black Marsh dart 2 0.11 0.0061 -5.09 -0.015
7. Splendid dartlet 2 0.11 0.0061 -5.09 -0.015
N=∑n= 18 ∑ piln( pi)
= -0.195
Table 12 Species diversity indices of odonata reported so far from our study area
FAMILY Simpson Index Shannon-Wiener Index
Aeshnidae 0.333 0.518
Gomphidae 1 3.38
Libellulidae 0.035 0.298
Coenagrionidae 0.104 0.195
Graph 3 Represents the Simpson indices of four odonatan family found during our study periods
0.333
1
0.035
0.104
Graph 3 : Simpson Index
Aeshnidae Gomphidae Libellulidae Coenagrionidae
10. Diversity Study of Odonata in Chintamani Kar Bird Sanctuary, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Graph 4 Represents the Shannon-Wiener indices of four odonatan family found during
our study periods
6. DISCUSSION
Odonata population found in Chintamani Kar Bird Sanctuary is quite standard and its
abundance indicate that the environment of the area is quite good. The great insect population
of that area also support the resource of odonata as according to most studies, the main diet of
adult odonates consists of small insects, especially Diptera (flies). In this place skimmer
dragonflies are abundant in good number and found at marshy areas and stagnant freshwater of
this area. Darners are found moderate number at near waterbodies of this area. Clubtail
dragonflies are less in number and found around waterbodies. Among damselflies marsh dart
are abundant in good number (Table: 3, Graph: 1 and Graph: 2).
According to Simpson diversity indices the value scale ranges from 0-1, with 1 representing
lowest biodiversity (Majumder, S., Bhowal, A., Chatterjee, A., Saha, I., Zoology in Laboratory,
Pg 224,2020). Therefore, as per this diversity indices Gomphidae (Simpson index value 1) has
lowest biodiversity; Aeshnidae (Simpson index value 0.333) has moderate diversity;
Libellulidae (Simpson index value 0.035) has higher diversity and Coenagrionidae (Simpson
index value 0.104) has high level of biodiversity (Table 4, Table 5, Table: 6, Table: 7, Table:
12 and Graph: 3).
According to Shannon-Weiner diversity indices the value scale ranges between 1.5-
3.5(Majumder, S., Bhowal, A., Chatterjee, A., Saha, I., Zoology in Laboratory, Pg 225,2020).
Therefore, as per this diversity indices Gomphidae (Shannon index value 3.38) has lowest level
of biodiversity, Aeshnidae (Shannon index value 0.518) has moderate diversity; Libellulidae
(Shannon index value 0.298) has higher diversity and Coenagrionidae (Shannon index value
0.195) has high level of biodiversity (Table 8, Table: 9, Table: 10, Table: 11, Table 12 and
Graph: 4).
7. CONCLUSION
Chintamani Kar Bird sanctuary is a quite natural habitat in the midst of urban areas of Kolkata.
It inhabits diverse kind of flora and fauna as well. There is some aquatic vegetation inside the
sanctuary which attracts different aquatic insects like Odonata (Dragon flies and damselflies).
In this paper the species record and different diversity indices clearly indicates that the
vegetation is suitable for growth and reproduction of Odonatas. It also indicates that small
0.518
3.38
0.298
0.195
Graph 4: Shannon-Wiener Index
Aeshnidae Gomphidae Libellulidae Coenagrionidae
11. Indraneel Saha, Suvajit Dey and Swagata Palit
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waterbodies inside the sanctuary area are suitable for the breeding ground of odonata species
and they are not polluted that’s why the odonata species able to grow in good number. If this
habitat conserved properly then biodiversity of different odonatan species along with others
aquatic insects and its surrounding ecosystem will also protect and flourish naturally.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are thankful to Dr. Indraneel Saha, Head, Assistant Professor (CSC), Department of
Zoology, Sarsuna College for his permission and encouragement to carry out the study. I also
thank Dr. Subhankar Tripathi, Principle, Sarsuna college for constant support. Thanks, are also
extended to our family members and all other faculty members of Department of Zoology,
Sarsuna college for continuous support and help.
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[7] Hassall, C., & Thompson, D. J. (2008). The effects of environmental warming on odonata: A
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