This presentation covered Diversion head work topic. Details topics selection of the suitable site for the
diversion headwork- different parts of
diversion headwork- Causes of failure of
structure on pervious foundation- Khosla’s
theory- Design of concrete sloping glacis weir covered.
Types- selection of the suitable site for the diversion headwork components
of diversion headwork- Causes of failure of structure on pervious foundation- Khosla’s theory- Design of concrete sloping
glacis weir.
Any hydraulic structure which supplies water to the off taking canal known as headwork. Storage head work is that stores water when it is available and supplies when needed.
Types- selection of the suitable site for the diversion headwork components
of diversion headwork- Causes of failure of structure on pervious foundation- Khosla’s theory- Design of concrete sloping
glacis weir.
Any hydraulic structure which supplies water to the off taking canal known as headwork. Storage head work is that stores water when it is available and supplies when needed.
Topics:
1. Types of Diversion Head Works
2. Weirs and Barrages
3. Layout Diversion Head Works
4. Causes of Failures of Weirs and Barrages on Permeable Foundations
5. Silt Ejectors and Silt Excluders
Canal Regulation Works:
Canal Fall- Necessity and Location- Types of Falls- Cross Regulator and Distributory Head Regulator- Their Functions, Silt Control Devices, Canal Escapes- Types of Escapes.
Topics:
1. Types of Diversion Head Works
2. Weirs and Barrages
3. Layout Diversion Head Works
4. Causes of Failures of Weirs and Barrages on Permeable Foundations
5. Silt Ejectors and Silt Excluders
Canal Regulation Works:
Canal Fall- Necessity and Location- Types of Falls- Cross Regulator and Distributory Head Regulator- Their Functions, Silt Control Devices, Canal Escapes- Types of Escapes.
Defination Headworks is a civil engineering term for any structure at the head or diversion point of a waterway. It is smaller than a barrage and is used to divert water from a river into a canal or from a large canal into a smaller canal.
chapter-3.pptx: CHANNEL HEADWORKS AND CANALSmulugeta48
Purposes:
Raises water level in the river
Regulates supply of water into the canal
Controls the entry of silt into the canal
Provides some storage for a short period
Reduces the fluctuations in the level of supply in river
Temporary diversion head works
Consists of a bund constructed across river to raise the water level in the river and will be damaged by floods.
2. Permanent diversion head works
Consists of a permanent structure such as a weir or barrage constructed across river to raise water level in the river.River section at the site should be narrow and well-defined.
Should have a large commanded area.
Site should be such that the weir (or barrage) can be aligned at right angles to the direction of flow in the river.
Good foundation should be available at the site.
Site should be easily accessible by road or rail.
Overall cost of the project should be a minimum
A water distribution system is a part of water supply network with components that carry potable water from a centralized treatment plant or wells to consumers to satisfy residential.
This presentation is on topic "Understanding of Disaster: Concept of Disaster and Risk" , which is based of open elective subject "Disaster Management " in RTU. In which I covered following topics:
*Concept of disaster
*Related terms
Disaster happened in year 2012
Disaster Management Cycle
Difference between Mitigation and preparedness
Disaster management approach
Climate Change Adaptation and DRR
Disaster Risk Management (DRM)
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)
This presentation is covered topic of cross drainage work. In which topics necessity of Cross drainage structures, their types and selection,
comparative merits and demerits, design of
various types of cross-drainage structure:aqueducts, siphon aqueduct, super passage
siphon, level crossing and other types covered.
This presentation includes the types of roofs and roof covering materials. this presentation explained briefly about the pitched roofs, curved roofs and flat roofs.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
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Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
3. • Diversion Headworks:
• Types- selection of the suitable site for the
diversion headwork- different parts of
diversion headwork- Causes of failure of
structure on pervious foundation- Khosla’s
theory- Design of concrete sloping glacis weir
4. CANAL HEADWORKS
• Canal head works
– Structures/works constructed across river and at the
head of the off taking canal
Canal head works
Diversion head works
To raise water level in river and
divert the required quantity
Storage head works
To store water on u/s of river
and divert the required
quantity
5. Diversion Head-Works
• The works which are constructed at the head
of the canal in order to divert the river water
toward the canal, so as to ensure a regulated
continuous supply mostly silt free water with
certain minimum head into the canal, are
known as diversion headworks.
7. Objectives of Diversion Head Works
• The Following are the objective of Diversion
Head works
• To Raise the water level at the head of canal.
• To form a storage by construction of dykes on
both side of banks of the river so that water is
available throughout the year.
• To control the entry of silt into the canal and to
control the deposition of silt at the head of canal.
• To control the fluctuation of water level in the
river during different seasons.
12. TYPES OF DIVERSION HEAD WORKS
• 1. Temporary diversion head works
– Consists of a bund constructed across river to raise the
water level in the river and will be damaged by floods
• 2. Permanent diversion head works
– Consists of a permanent structure such as a weir or
barrage constructed across river to raise water level in the
river
13. Selection of Site for Diversion Head
Works
The following points should be considered to
select a site for this diversion headworks.
• The river should be straight and narrow at the
site
• The elevation of site should be higher than the
area to be irrigated for gravity flow.
• River banks at site should be well defined and
stable.
• Valuable land upstream of the barrier like
weir or barrage should not be submerged.
14. Selection of Site for Diversion Head
Works
• Material of construction should be locally
available.
• Roads or railway communication to the site is
essential to carry the material of construction.
• Site should be close to the cropland to
minimize loss of water due to seepage and
evaporation of canal.
• The site should provide a good foundation for
construction of weir or barrage.
19. Components of Diversion Headworks
• The components of diversion headworks are:
• Weir or barrage
• Canal head regulator
• Divide Wall
• Fish Ladder
• Scouring Sluices Under sluices
• Silt excluder
• Silt ejector.
• Marginal embankment or dikes
• Guide bank
• Silt pocket or trap.
20. Weir or Barrage
• Weir is a solid obstruction placed across the
river. Its main function is to raise the water
level so that water can be diverted by canal to
crop field due to difference of head.
• Barrage is practically a low weir with an
adjustable gate over this low weir. Heading up
of water is affected by gate.
29. Types of Weir
• Weir may be of different types based on material of
construction, design features and types of soil
foundation as:
• Vertical Drop Weir
• A crest gate may be provided to store more water
during flood period. At the upstream and downstream
ends of impervious floor cut off piles are provided.
Launching apron are provided both at upstream and
downstream ends of floor to safeguard against
scouring action. A graded filter is provided
immediately at the downstream end of impervious
floor to relieve the uplift pressure. This type of weir is
suitable for any type of foundation.
33. Types of Weir
• Sloping Weir of Concrete:
• This type is suitable for soft sandy foundation.
It is used where difference in weir crest and
downstream riverbed is not more than 3 m.
Hydraulic jump is formed when water passes
over the sloping glacis. Weir of this type is of
recent origin.
36. Types of Weir
• Parabolic Weir:
• A parabolic weir is almost similar to spillway
section of dam. The weir body wall for this
weir is designed as low dam. A cistern is
provided at downstream.
38. Types of Weir
• Dry Stone Slopping Weir:
• It is dry stone or rock fill weir. It consists of
body wall and upstream and downstream dry
stones are laid in the form of glacis with some
intervening core wall.
41. Barrage
• When the water level on the upstream side of
the weir is required to be raised to different
levels at different time, then the barrage is
constructed. Practically a barrage is an
arrangement of adjustable gates or shutters at
different tiers over the weir. The water level
can be adjusted by the opening of gates.
43. Divide Wall
• The Divide Wall is a long wall constructed at right angle to the
weir or barrage, it may be constructed with stone masonry or
cement concrete. On the upstream side, the wall is extended
just to cover the canal regulator and on the down stream side,
it is extended up to the launching apron. The functions of the
divide wall are as follows,
• (a) To form a still water pocket in front of the canal head so
that the suspended silt can be settled down which then later
can be cleared through the scouring sluices from time to time.
• (b) It controls the eddy current or cross current in front of the
canal head.
• (c) It provides a straight approach in front of the canal head.
• (d) It resists the overturning effect on the weir or barrage
caused by the pressure of the impounding water.
45. Scouring Sluices or Under Sluices
• The Scouring sluices are the openings provided
at the base of the weir or barrage. These
openings are provided with adjustable gates.
Normally, the gates are kept closed. The
suspended silt goes on the depositing in front of
the canal head regulator. When the silt
deposition becomes appreciable the gates are
opened and the deposited silt is loosened with an
agitator mounting on a boat. The muddy water
flows towards the downstream side through the
scouring sluices. The gates are closed. But, at the
period of flood, the gates are kept opened.
48. Fish Ladder
• The Fish Ladder is provided just by the side of the
divide wall for the movement of fishes. Rivers are
important source of fishes. There are various types of
fish in the river. The nature of fish varies from type
to type. But in general, the tendency of fish is to
move from upstream to downstream in winters and
from downstream to upstream in monsoons. This
movement is essential for their survival.
49. Fish Ladder
• Due to construction of weir or barrage, this
movement gets obstructed, and is detrimental to
the fishes. For the movement of the fishes along
the course of the river, the fish ladder is essential.
In the fish ladder, the baffle walls are
constructed in the zigzag manner so that the
velocities of flow within the ladder does not
exceed 3 m/s. The width, length, and height of
the fish ladder depends on the nature of the river
and the type of the weir or barrage.
52. Canal Head Regulator
• A structure which is constructed at the head of
the canal regulator to regulate the flow of water
is known as canal head regulator. It consists of a
number of piers which divide the total width of
the canal into a number of spans which are
known as bays. The pier consists of a number of
tiers on which the adjustable gates are placed.
The gates are operated from the top by suitable
mechanical device. A platform is produced on
the top of the piers for the facility of operating
the gates. Again some piers are constructed on
the downstream side of the canal head to support
the roadway.
55. Silt Excluder
• When silt pocket is formed in front of the canal head
by constructing the divide wall, then it is found that
the lower layer of water contains heavy silt and the
upper layer contains very fine silt. The fine silt is
very fertile and it may be allowed to enter the canal.
But the heavy silt causes sedimentation in the
pocket.. To eliminate the suspended heavy silt, the
silt excluder is provided. It consists of a series of
tunnels starting from the side of the head regulator
up to the divide wall.
56. Silt Excluder
• The tunnel nearest to the head regulator is
longest, and the successive tunnels decrease in
length, the tunnel nearest to the divide wall is
shortest. The tunnels are covered by R.C.C. Slab.
The top level of the slab is kept below the sill
level of the head regulator. So, the completely
clear water is allowed to flow in the canal
through the head regulator. The suspended
heavy silt carried by the water enters the silt
excluder tunnels and passes out through the
scouring sluices.
57. Silt Excluder
• Silt excluders are those works which are
constructed on the bed of the river, upstream
of the head regulator. The clearer water
enters the head regulator and silted water
enters the silt excluder. In this type of
works, the silt is, therefore, removed from the
water before in enters the canal.
59. Silt Ejectors
• Silt ejectors, also called silt extractors, are
those devices which extract the silt from
the canal water after the silted water has
• Traveled a certain distance in the off-take
canal. These works are, therefore, constructed
on the bed of the canal, and little distance
downstream from the head regulator.
61. Marginal Embankments or dykes
• The marginal embankments or dykes are earthen
embankments which are constructed parallel to the
river bank on one or both the banks according to the
condition. The top width is generally 3 to 4 m and side
slope is generally 1 ½ : 1 to 2: 1. The height of the
embankment depends on the highest flood level. A
suitable margin is provided between the toe of the
embankment and the bank of the river. To resist the
effect of erosion on the embankment, wooden piles are
driven along the river banks throughout the length of
dyke. The length of the dyke is protected by boulders
pitching with cement grouting and the downstream
side is protected by turfing.
62. Marginal Embankments or dykes
• The Marginal Bunds are constructed for the
following purposes.
• (a) It prevents the flood water or storage
water from entering the surrounding area.
• (b) It retains the flood water or storage water
within a specified section.
• (c) It Protects the towns and village from
devastation during the heavy flood.
• (d) It protects valuable agricultural lands.
64. Guide Bank
When a barrage is constructed across a river which
flows through the alluvial soil, the guide banks must
be constructed on both the approaches to protect the
structure from erosion. It is an earthen embankment
with curved head on both the ends.
The Guide Bank serves the following purposes.
• It protects the barrage from the effect of scouring and
erosion.
• It controls the tendency of changing the course of the
river.
• It controls the velocity of the flow near the structure.
67. Guide Bank
• Components of Guide Banks are
• Upstream curved head
• Downstream curved head
• Shank portion which joins upstream and
downstream curved end
• Sloping apron
• Launching apron
• Pile protection
68. RTU Questions
• Explain the term ”Diversion Head Work” and
clearly mention its different functions.
• Explain Bligh’s Creep Theory in details.
• What is weir? How does it differ from a barrage
structure?
• What are the functions of a canal head regulator?
• Compare the weir and barrage with relative
advantages?
• Draw the neat sketch of silt excluder and label it.
Also explain the functions of silt excluder?
69. References
• Irrigation Engineering & Water Power Engineering
– By Prof B.C.PUNMIA
– Laxmi Publication
• Irrigation Engineering & Hydraulic Structures
– By Prof. Santosh Kumar Garg
– Khanna Publishers
• Irrigation, Water Power Engineering & Hydraulic Structures
– By Prof K.R. Arora
– Standard Publishers Distributions
• Internet Websites
• http://www.aboutcivil.org/
• http://nptel.ac.in/courses/105105110/