This document discusses distributed systems analysis and design. It provides an overview of common characteristics of distributed systems including heterogeneity, openness, and security. It also discusses basic design issues such as naming, communication, software structure, and system architectures. The document includes sections written by different group members on topics such as scalability, naming, communication, software structure, and the pros and cons of distributed systems.
Essential Software Architecture - Chapter 1 Understanding Software Architecture - Summary
This is brief summary of 'Essential Software Architecture by Ian Gorton.
Note: Only the first chapter.
Architectural Styles and Case Studies, Software architecture ,unit–2Sudarshan Dhondaley
Architectural styles; Pipes and filters; Data abstraction and object-oriented organization; Event-based, implicit invocation; Layered systems; Repositories; Interpreters; Process control; Other familiar architectures; Heterogeneous architectures. Case Studies: Keyword in Context; Instrumentation software; Mobile robotics; Cruise control; three vignettes in mixed style.
Essential Software Architecture - Chapter 1 Understanding Software Architecture - Summary
This is brief summary of 'Essential Software Architecture by Ian Gorton.
Note: Only the first chapter.
Architectural Styles and Case Studies, Software architecture ,unit–2Sudarshan Dhondaley
Architectural styles; Pipes and filters; Data abstraction and object-oriented organization; Event-based, implicit invocation; Layered systems; Repositories; Interpreters; Process control; Other familiar architectures; Heterogeneous architectures. Case Studies: Keyword in Context; Instrumentation software; Mobile robotics; Cruise control; three vignettes in mixed style.
End User Development - Governance and Risk ManagementDaniel Li
My personal point of view of how Microsoft technologies could help address the End User Development governance & compliance requirements called out by MAS IBTRM
The following topics are discussed in this presentation
Data and Information
Database
Database Management System
Objectives
Advantages
Components
Architecture
Software architecture - what is it and why it's important.
Lecture for full-stack students in Elevation Academy.
What are the features and qualities we use to measure software architecture pattern performance. Some diagrams were taken from Oreilly's "Software architecture patterns" book.
IT has the power to create systems wherein one system can appear on a network of the other. IT also enables in sharing of resources such as files, printers and scanners using either wired or wireless connections.
For more such innovative content on management studies, join WeSchool PGDM-DLP Program: http://bit.ly/ZEcPAc
Architectural design is concerned with:
understanding how a software system should be organized and,
designing the overall structure of that system.
Architectural design is the critical link between design and requirements engineering, as it identifies the main structural components in a system and the relationships between them.
The output of the architectural design process is an architectural model that describes how the system is organized as a set of communicating components
End User Development - Governance and Risk ManagementDaniel Li
My personal point of view of how Microsoft technologies could help address the End User Development governance & compliance requirements called out by MAS IBTRM
The following topics are discussed in this presentation
Data and Information
Database
Database Management System
Objectives
Advantages
Components
Architecture
Software architecture - what is it and why it's important.
Lecture for full-stack students in Elevation Academy.
What are the features and qualities we use to measure software architecture pattern performance. Some diagrams were taken from Oreilly's "Software architecture patterns" book.
IT has the power to create systems wherein one system can appear on a network of the other. IT also enables in sharing of resources such as files, printers and scanners using either wired or wireless connections.
For more such innovative content on management studies, join WeSchool PGDM-DLP Program: http://bit.ly/ZEcPAc
Architectural design is concerned with:
understanding how a software system should be organized and,
designing the overall structure of that system.
Architectural design is the critical link between design and requirements engineering, as it identifies the main structural components in a system and the relationships between them.
The output of the architectural design process is an architectural model that describes how the system is organized as a set of communicating components
Subject: Software Architecture Design
Topic: Distributed Architecture
In this presentation, you will learn about design pattern, softawre architecture, distributed architecture, basis of distributed architecture, why distributed architecture, need of distributed architecture, advantages and disadvantages of DA and much more.
Rate my presentation, It's designed graphically.
Make sure you exercise due diligence when selecting a cloud service provider.
Make sure the cloud environment supports the regulatory requirements of your industry and data.
Conduct data classification to understand the sensitivity of your data before moving to the cloud.
Clearly define who owns the data and how it will be “returned” to you and the timing in the event you cancel your agreement.
Understand if you are leveraging the cloud in IaaS, PaaS, SaaS or other model.
DEPENDABLE PRIVACY REQUIREMENTS BY AGILE MODELED LAYERED SECURITY ARCHITECTUR...cscpconf
Software Engineering covers the definition of processes, techniques and models suitable for its
environment to guarantee quality of results. An important design artifact in any software
development project is the Software Architecture. Software Architecture’s important part is the
set of architectural design rules. A primary goal of the architecture is to capture the
architecture design decisions. An important part of these design decisions consists of
architectural design rules In an MDA (Model-Driven Architecture) context, the design of the
system architecture is captured in the models of the system. MDA is known to be layered
approach for modeling the architectural design rules and uses design patterns to improve the
quality of software system. And to include the security to the software system, security patterns
are introduced that offer security at the architectural level. More over, agile software
development methods are used to build secure systems. There are different methods defined in
agile development as extreme programming (XP), scrum, feature driven development (FDD),
test driven development (TDD), etc. Agile processing is includes the phases as agile analysis,
agile design and agile testing. These phases are defined in layers of MDA to provide security at
the modeling level which ensures that security at the system architecture stage will improve the
requirements for that system. Agile modeled Layered Security Architectures increase the
dependability of the architecture in terms of privacy requirements. We validate this with a case
study of dependability of privacy of Web Services Security Architectures, which helps for secure
service oriented security architecture. In this paper the major part is given to model
architectural design rules using MDA so that architects and developers are responsible to
automatic enforcement on the detailed design and easy to understand and use by both of them.
This MDA approach is implemented in use of Agile strategy in three different phases covering
three different layers to provide security to the system. With this procedure a premise
conclusion has been given that with the system security the requirements for that system are
improved. This paper summarizes that security is essential for every system at initial stage and
upon introduction of security at middle stage must lead to the change in the system i.e., an
improvement to system requirements.
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
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This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
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10. OPENNESS
Openness of a computer system:
-- is the characteristic that determines whether the
System can be extended re-implemented in various
way.
11. SECURITY
In a distributed system, clients send requests to access
data managed by servers, resources in the networks:
Doctors requesting records from hospitals.
Users purchase products through electronic commerce.
14. Basic Design Issues
• General software engineering principles include
rigor and formality, separation of concerns,
modularity, abstraction, anticipation of
change, …
• Specific issues for distributed systems:
• Naming
• Communication
• Software structure
• System architecture
• Workload allocation
• Consistency maintenance
14
15. Naming
• A name is resolved when translated into an
interpretable form for resource/object
reference.
• Communication identifier (IP address + port
number)
• Name resolution involves several translation
steps
15
16. Communication
• Separated components communicate with sending processes
and receiving processes for data transfer and
synchronization.
• Message passing: send and receive primitives
• synchronous or blocking
• asynchronous or non-blocking
• Abstractions defined: channels, sockets, ports.
16
17. Software Structure
• Layers in centralized computer systems:
Applications
Middleware
Operating system
Computer and Network Hardware
17
18. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURES
• Client-Server
• Peer-to-Peer
• Services provided by multiple servers
• Proxy servers and caches
• Mobile code and mobile agents
• Network computers
• Thin clients and mobile devices
18
20. Advantages
•All nodes are connected to each other.
•Nodes are easy to add.
•Backups of node.
•For example: Printer can be shared
with many
21. Disadvantages
•Difficult to provide security.
•Data can be lost while moving.
•The database is complicated.
•Overloading may occur if all nodes work
at once.
Editor's Notes
According to the Fundamentals of Software Engineering book by Ghezzi et. al., software engineering principles include (1) Rigor and Formality (2) Separation of Concerns (3) Modularity (4) Abstraction (5) Anticipation of Change (6) Generality and (7) Incrementality.
Specific issues need to be resolved for the design of software for distributed systems.
Name: names that can be interpreted by users or by programs
Identifier: names that can be interpreted or used only by programs. At each name translation step, a name or identifier is mapped to a lower-level identifier that can be used to specify a resource when communicating with some software component, until a communication id is produced that is acceptable to the communication subsystem, and that is used to transmit a request to a resource manager.
Names having some hierarchical structure
representing an internal hierarchic name space (/etc/passwd)
organizational hierarchy (cse.cuhk.edu.hk)
a flat set of numeric or symbolic identifier
advantages: each part of a name is resolved relative to a separate context, and the same name may be used with different meaning in different context
Names are always resolved relative to some context. Contexts are represented by name tables or databases. In the case of file systems, each directory represents a context. To resolve a name, we must supply the context and the name. A name service accepts requests for the translation of names or identifiers in one name space to identifier in some other space. It also handles name registration, deletion, and provides up-to-date information.
Naming schemes can be designed to protect the resources from unauthorized access. Each id is chosen so that it is hard to reproduce, and their client’s authority is being checked by the naming service. Ids which meet this requirement are known as capabilities.
Synchronization prevent sending or receiving process from continuing until the other process makes an action that frees it.
Each message-passing action involves the transmission by the sending process of a set of data values (a message) through a specified communication mechanism (a channel or port) and the acceptance by the receiving process of a message.
Synchronous (blocking) means that the sender waits after transmitting a message until the receiver has performed a receive operation.
Asynchronous (non-blocking) means that the message is placed in a queue of messages waiting for the receiver to accept them and the sending process can proceed immediately.
Distributed systems can be designed entirely in terms of message-passing, but there are certain useful communication patterns (collective of primitives for high-level operations).
Client-server communication model is for service provision: 1. Transmission of a request from a client to a server; 2. Execution of the request by the server; 3. Transmission of a reply to the client.
Function shipping: the server acts as an execution environment and interpreter for programs, and clients transmit sequences of instructions for interpretation (e.g., PostScript files sent to printer).
Multicasting: sending a message to the members of a specified group of processes. Multicasting examples: locating an object, fault tolerance, and multiple update.
Middleware provides run-time support for programming language, such as interpreters and libraries
OS is the main system software to manage basic resources and to provide user and application services:
Basic resource management:
- memory allocation and protection
- process creation and processor scheduling
- peripheral device handling
User and application services:
- user authentication and access control (e.g., login facilities)
- file management and file access facilities
- clock facilities
