The document discusses health information system architecture design. It covers architectural components including software, data storage, and hardware. It describes client-server architectures which balance processing between clients and servers. Advances like virtualization and cloud computing are mentioned. The document outlines requirements for architecture design like operations, performance, security, and cultural factors. It discusses specifying suitable hardware and software based on functions, performance, costs and other considerations.
This document discusses program design, including moving from logical to physical data flow diagrams, using structure charts to illustrate program organization and interaction, guidelines for building structure charts, and creating program specifications. The key points are physical DFDs show implementation details; structure charts show program components at a high level; guidelines include high cohesion, loose coupling, and assessing fan-in and fan-out; and specifications provide instructions for programmers.
The document discusses managing the programming process through assigning tasks based on experience and skills, coordinating activities, and managing schedules. It also discusses testing, including creating a test plan and conducting unit, integration, system, and acceptance tests. Finally, it addresses developing user documentation through online documentation that is easy to search and in multiple formats.
This document discusses distributed data processing (DDP) as an alternative to centralized data processing. Some key points:
1) DDP involves dispersing computers and processing throughout an organization to allow for greater flexibility and redundancy compared to centralized systems.
2) Factors driving the increase of DDP include dramatically reduced workstation costs, improved desktop interfaces and power, and the ability to share data across servers.
3) While DDP provides benefits like increased responsiveness, availability, and user involvement, it also presents drawbacks such as more points of failure, incompatibility issues, and complex management compared to centralized systems.
360-Degree View of IT Infrastructure with IT Operations AnalyticsPrecisely
IT operations analytics (ITOA) is instrumental in helping companies lower cost and increase efficiency within their IT infrastructure. Yet in today’s multi-platform environments, companies struggle to bring mainframe and IBM i data into these views.
Syncsort Ironstream enables critical SMF records, logs and other machine data in your z/OS and IBM i environments to be streamed and correlated with data from the rest of your enterprise in near real-time within Splunk or Elastic, turning machine data into operational analytics and providing valuable insights.
View this 15-minute webinar on-demand to learn how to get full visibility into your entire web-based application infrastructure to enable faster and easier problem resolution.
Requirements management is the process of capturing and organizing stakeholders' needs for a system. SpiraTest is a requirements management tool that allows users to organize requirements hierarchically, capture use cases and link requirements to test cases to ensure coverage. It also enables custom workflows, requirements traceability across projects, and attachment of files to requirements records.
This document discusses distributed systems analysis and design. It provides an overview of common characteristics of distributed systems including heterogeneity, openness, and security. It also discusses basic design issues such as naming, communication, software structure, and system architectures. The document includes sections written by different group members on topics such as scalability, naming, communication, software structure, and the pros and cons of distributed systems.
This document provides an introduction to database management systems (DBMS). It discusses the disadvantages of traditional file-based data management approaches, such as data redundancy and lack of data integrity. It then describes the key components of a database system, including the database itself, DBMS software, users, and administrators. Challenges of DBMS include security, data quality, and data integrity issues that must be addressed. The overall system structure partitions responsibilities between query processing and storage management components.
TechVault is a service offering through PC Tech Denver and it’s vendor relationships that provide our clients an ultra-secure on-demand virtual data room to empower your company and/or departments to accelerate the pace of due diligence. This solution provides our valued clients the highest degree of security and reliability coupled with unparalleled speed, ease of use and functionality..
This document discusses program design, including moving from logical to physical data flow diagrams, using structure charts to illustrate program organization and interaction, guidelines for building structure charts, and creating program specifications. The key points are physical DFDs show implementation details; structure charts show program components at a high level; guidelines include high cohesion, loose coupling, and assessing fan-in and fan-out; and specifications provide instructions for programmers.
The document discusses managing the programming process through assigning tasks based on experience and skills, coordinating activities, and managing schedules. It also discusses testing, including creating a test plan and conducting unit, integration, system, and acceptance tests. Finally, it addresses developing user documentation through online documentation that is easy to search and in multiple formats.
This document discusses distributed data processing (DDP) as an alternative to centralized data processing. Some key points:
1) DDP involves dispersing computers and processing throughout an organization to allow for greater flexibility and redundancy compared to centralized systems.
2) Factors driving the increase of DDP include dramatically reduced workstation costs, improved desktop interfaces and power, and the ability to share data across servers.
3) While DDP provides benefits like increased responsiveness, availability, and user involvement, it also presents drawbacks such as more points of failure, incompatibility issues, and complex management compared to centralized systems.
360-Degree View of IT Infrastructure with IT Operations AnalyticsPrecisely
IT operations analytics (ITOA) is instrumental in helping companies lower cost and increase efficiency within their IT infrastructure. Yet in today’s multi-platform environments, companies struggle to bring mainframe and IBM i data into these views.
Syncsort Ironstream enables critical SMF records, logs and other machine data in your z/OS and IBM i environments to be streamed and correlated with data from the rest of your enterprise in near real-time within Splunk or Elastic, turning machine data into operational analytics and providing valuable insights.
View this 15-minute webinar on-demand to learn how to get full visibility into your entire web-based application infrastructure to enable faster and easier problem resolution.
Requirements management is the process of capturing and organizing stakeholders' needs for a system. SpiraTest is a requirements management tool that allows users to organize requirements hierarchically, capture use cases and link requirements to test cases to ensure coverage. It also enables custom workflows, requirements traceability across projects, and attachment of files to requirements records.
This document discusses distributed systems analysis and design. It provides an overview of common characteristics of distributed systems including heterogeneity, openness, and security. It also discusses basic design issues such as naming, communication, software structure, and system architectures. The document includes sections written by different group members on topics such as scalability, naming, communication, software structure, and the pros and cons of distributed systems.
This document provides an introduction to database management systems (DBMS). It discusses the disadvantages of traditional file-based data management approaches, such as data redundancy and lack of data integrity. It then describes the key components of a database system, including the database itself, DBMS software, users, and administrators. Challenges of DBMS include security, data quality, and data integrity issues that must be addressed. The overall system structure partitions responsibilities between query processing and storage management components.
TechVault is a service offering through PC Tech Denver and it’s vendor relationships that provide our clients an ultra-secure on-demand virtual data room to empower your company and/or departments to accelerate the pace of due diligence. This solution provides our valued clients the highest degree of security and reliability coupled with unparalleled speed, ease of use and functionality..
IDM and Automated Security Entitlement SystemsSRI Infotech
A demonstration of SRI Infotech’s unique, first-in-class in-house automated security entitlement system, combining identity management with automated data source connectors.
BIG IRON, BIG RISK? SECURING THE MAINFRAME - #MFSummit2017Micro Focus
Regulatory requirements such as GDPR are
platform agnostic – and who can predict what
further challenges lie ahead? It certainly will not
become any easier. Security for the mainframe
is likely to remain a live issue. If you have a
mainframe then this affects you. Fortunately, the
help is out there. Attend this session to discover
how Micro Focus can secure your mainframe
environment today and into the future.
Using Advanced Threat Analytics to Prevent Privilege Escalation AttacksBeyondTrust
Russell Smith presented on using Advanced Threat Analytics to prevent privilege escalation attacks. ATA monitors domain controllers and DNS servers to detect reconnaissance activities, lateral movement, and privilege escalation techniques used in cyber attacks. It uses behavioral analysis and machine learning to identify anomalous logins, unknown threats, password sharing, and lateral movement. ATA also detects security risks like broken trusts, weak protocols, and known protocol vulnerabilities. Russell discussed how ATA can identify the stages of a privilege escalation attack, including reconnaissance, local privilege escalation using techniques like pass-the-hash, and domain escalation using pass-the-ticket. He recommended least privilege security, protected users, just-in-time administration, and defense
This document discusses customizing electronic medical record (EMR) systems through advanced rule authoring. It introduces the Rule Authoring and Validation Environment (RAVE), a tool developed by Regenstrief Institute to empower stakeholders to customize EMR systems. RAVE allows users to mix and match "channels" like patients, alerts, orders, and observations to create rules without needing a programmer. Rules can be used for clinical decision support, alerts, or other functions. The RAVE generates standard rule syntax that can then be implemented in EMR systems.
This document outlines the roles of different members of an IS department, including IS managers who make large-scale business decisions, computer scientists who develop new technologies, technical analysts who update and modify information systems, system programmers who create and maintain computer programs, technical writers who document systems for users, and procurement specialists who acquire necessary system components.
Intelligence bank brandhubs and digital asset managementIntelligenceBank
This document summarizes the key features of the IntelligenceBank Marketing tool, a digital asset management and workflow system. It can be customized to a business and includes features like: uploading and downloading assets in different formats, collections, search, approval workflows, custom pages for brand guidelines, forms, reporting, and announcements. The tool is designed to be easy to use, mobile friendly, and can be customized with a company's branding.
Enterprise Service Manager (ESM) : data sheet1Tridens
Enterprise Service Manager (ESM) is a superior monitoring and managing application that enables organizations to identify and resolve potential IT issues before they affect critical business processes.
With Enterprise Service Manager, you are able to monitor, manage, and analyze reports of your IT systems - anytime and everywhere.
The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) describes the stages an information system goes through from start to finish. It includes planning, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance. During analysis, requirements are collected through techniques like interviews, questionnaires, and documentation review. The data is modeled and organizational processes mapped out. In design, interfaces, databases, forms and reports are created. Implementation involves programming, testing, and deployment. Maintenance keeps the system updated with requested changes over time.
Application integration involves connecting different enterprise applications and data sources to allow for sharing of business data and processes. The key goals are to integrate legacy systems, share distributed content repositories, simplify processes, and provide a single user experience. When planning integration, it is important to understand existing systems, scope what will be integrated, and choose a methodology like mediation, federation, or a hybrid approach using techniques like web services and standard interfaces. The benefits include centralized access and discovery, while the main disadvantage is high initial costs.
Sofia Rani Jena has over 2 years of experience as a Programmer Analyst at Cognizant Technology Solutions working on data warehousing and ETL development using Informatica. She has extensive experience developing mappings and sessions in Informatica PowerCenter and loading data into Oracle and Netezza databases. Some of her key projects involved creating exception files, generating files for rebate distribution, and replicating existing functionality from Oracle to a Netezza database.
The document describes an existing Oracle database application architecture that includes two Oracle databases - GMU2 which is a departmental production database, and RPRT which is a read-only copy of the production Banner database refreshed nightly. An existing dbLink connects the two databases and is used by PHP applications on a secure server called Chimera to read payroll and user information from RPRT.
This document discusses Trisilco IT's proposed solution for data submission to BNM's NSRS system. The key points are:
1. The proposed solution is a web-based application that allows for multi-user, multi-department data entry, checking, approval and submission across various reporting templates from a central repository.
2. It features workflow management, data versioning and audit trails to streamline the reporting process and ensure compliance.
3. Implementation is expected to take 1 month and involve requirement gathering, system setup, training and user acceptance testing.
4. Future phases could include automating data extraction and loading into a data warehouse using ETL processes.
Government Agencies Using Splunk: Is Your Critical Data Missing?Precisely
Mainframes continue to run many critical applications for Government agencies, and if you’re a government agency using Splunk, the Mainframe is often a major blind spot.
Ironstream is the industry’s leading high-performance, cost-effective solution for forwarding critical security and operational machine data from the mainframe to Splunk.
View this 20 minute demo to learn how Ironstream can deliver:
• Healthier IT operations by correlating events across all your IT Infrastructure – increasing efficiency, insight and cost-savings
• Clearer, more precise security information with complete visibility into enterprise wide security alerts and risks for all systems, including mainframes
• Less complexity by breaking down silos and seamlessly integrating with Splunk for a single view of all your systems, with no mainframe expertise required
We also share how one federal law-enforcement agency used Ironstream to meet the ever-changing reporting requests from its auditors in order to prove compliance with information-security requirements.
This document provides a resume for Armando Cardenas. It summarizes his education, including a Bachelor of Science in Telecommunications Management from DeVry University and an Associate of Arts in Economics from Pasadena City College. It also outlines his extensive experience over 20 years providing IT support across various roles, supporting a wide range of hardware, software, and networking technologies. He has expertise installing, configuring, and troubleshooting systems from Dell, EMC, Unisys, and other vendors.
Essential Layers of IBM i Security: File and Field SecurityPrecisely
Numerous regulations require that sensitive data is protected and cannot be seen by unauthorized individuals, whether internal or external. Learn the keys to protecting files and data on the IBM i.
This presentation demonstrate how Incorta support the data security requirements. It describes how to define the session variable and how to define the security filters.
Network management helps organizations achieve goals around availability, performance, and security. It facilitates scalability by analyzing current network behavior, applying upgrades, and troubleshooting problems. An effective network management strategy determines which resources to monitor, what metrics to use, and how to collect and analyze data. It also develops processes for fault, configuration, performance, security, and accounting management. Common components include managed devices that collect data, agents in devices, and network management systems that monitor devices and display information.
The Science peer review system uses a custom-built web-based system to manage manuscript submission and review as PDF files, but downstream production processes to publish the content are handled by separate disconnected systems, leading to some inefficiencies; while the peer review system has proven successful, fully integrating editorial and production workflows could streamline processes and maximize reuse of reviewed content.
End User Development - Governance and Risk ManagementDaniel Li
My personal point of view of how Microsoft technologies could help address the End User Development governance & compliance requirements called out by MAS IBTRM
Every IT Manager's Key to Better Data ManagementHelpSystems
What every IT Manager needs to know to solve their biggest business intelligence struggles. Productivity – Empowerment – Security. Three of the banes for IT that are important to run an efficient I.T. department and a business.
I will begin with Productivity. This is productivity for the IT staff but that in turn affects the productivity of others, and the organization as a whole.
VTU Open Elective 6th Sem CSE - Module 2 - Cloud ComputingSachin Gowda
This document provides an overview of cloud computing architectures and the Aneka cloud application platform. It discusses the different types of cloud services (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS), deployment models (public, private, hybrid clouds), and the characteristics of the Aneka platform which provides a programming model and tools for developing and managing distributed applications on cloud infrastructures. It also summarizes the core components and services that make up the Aneka platform.
IDM and Automated Security Entitlement SystemsSRI Infotech
A demonstration of SRI Infotech’s unique, first-in-class in-house automated security entitlement system, combining identity management with automated data source connectors.
BIG IRON, BIG RISK? SECURING THE MAINFRAME - #MFSummit2017Micro Focus
Regulatory requirements such as GDPR are
platform agnostic – and who can predict what
further challenges lie ahead? It certainly will not
become any easier. Security for the mainframe
is likely to remain a live issue. If you have a
mainframe then this affects you. Fortunately, the
help is out there. Attend this session to discover
how Micro Focus can secure your mainframe
environment today and into the future.
Using Advanced Threat Analytics to Prevent Privilege Escalation AttacksBeyondTrust
Russell Smith presented on using Advanced Threat Analytics to prevent privilege escalation attacks. ATA monitors domain controllers and DNS servers to detect reconnaissance activities, lateral movement, and privilege escalation techniques used in cyber attacks. It uses behavioral analysis and machine learning to identify anomalous logins, unknown threats, password sharing, and lateral movement. ATA also detects security risks like broken trusts, weak protocols, and known protocol vulnerabilities. Russell discussed how ATA can identify the stages of a privilege escalation attack, including reconnaissance, local privilege escalation using techniques like pass-the-hash, and domain escalation using pass-the-ticket. He recommended least privilege security, protected users, just-in-time administration, and defense
This document discusses customizing electronic medical record (EMR) systems through advanced rule authoring. It introduces the Rule Authoring and Validation Environment (RAVE), a tool developed by Regenstrief Institute to empower stakeholders to customize EMR systems. RAVE allows users to mix and match "channels" like patients, alerts, orders, and observations to create rules without needing a programmer. Rules can be used for clinical decision support, alerts, or other functions. The RAVE generates standard rule syntax that can then be implemented in EMR systems.
This document outlines the roles of different members of an IS department, including IS managers who make large-scale business decisions, computer scientists who develop new technologies, technical analysts who update and modify information systems, system programmers who create and maintain computer programs, technical writers who document systems for users, and procurement specialists who acquire necessary system components.
Intelligence bank brandhubs and digital asset managementIntelligenceBank
This document summarizes the key features of the IntelligenceBank Marketing tool, a digital asset management and workflow system. It can be customized to a business and includes features like: uploading and downloading assets in different formats, collections, search, approval workflows, custom pages for brand guidelines, forms, reporting, and announcements. The tool is designed to be easy to use, mobile friendly, and can be customized with a company's branding.
Enterprise Service Manager (ESM) : data sheet1Tridens
Enterprise Service Manager (ESM) is a superior monitoring and managing application that enables organizations to identify and resolve potential IT issues before they affect critical business processes.
With Enterprise Service Manager, you are able to monitor, manage, and analyze reports of your IT systems - anytime and everywhere.
The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) describes the stages an information system goes through from start to finish. It includes planning, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance. During analysis, requirements are collected through techniques like interviews, questionnaires, and documentation review. The data is modeled and organizational processes mapped out. In design, interfaces, databases, forms and reports are created. Implementation involves programming, testing, and deployment. Maintenance keeps the system updated with requested changes over time.
Application integration involves connecting different enterprise applications and data sources to allow for sharing of business data and processes. The key goals are to integrate legacy systems, share distributed content repositories, simplify processes, and provide a single user experience. When planning integration, it is important to understand existing systems, scope what will be integrated, and choose a methodology like mediation, federation, or a hybrid approach using techniques like web services and standard interfaces. The benefits include centralized access and discovery, while the main disadvantage is high initial costs.
Sofia Rani Jena has over 2 years of experience as a Programmer Analyst at Cognizant Technology Solutions working on data warehousing and ETL development using Informatica. She has extensive experience developing mappings and sessions in Informatica PowerCenter and loading data into Oracle and Netezza databases. Some of her key projects involved creating exception files, generating files for rebate distribution, and replicating existing functionality from Oracle to a Netezza database.
The document describes an existing Oracle database application architecture that includes two Oracle databases - GMU2 which is a departmental production database, and RPRT which is a read-only copy of the production Banner database refreshed nightly. An existing dbLink connects the two databases and is used by PHP applications on a secure server called Chimera to read payroll and user information from RPRT.
This document discusses Trisilco IT's proposed solution for data submission to BNM's NSRS system. The key points are:
1. The proposed solution is a web-based application that allows for multi-user, multi-department data entry, checking, approval and submission across various reporting templates from a central repository.
2. It features workflow management, data versioning and audit trails to streamline the reporting process and ensure compliance.
3. Implementation is expected to take 1 month and involve requirement gathering, system setup, training and user acceptance testing.
4. Future phases could include automating data extraction and loading into a data warehouse using ETL processes.
Government Agencies Using Splunk: Is Your Critical Data Missing?Precisely
Mainframes continue to run many critical applications for Government agencies, and if you’re a government agency using Splunk, the Mainframe is often a major blind spot.
Ironstream is the industry’s leading high-performance, cost-effective solution for forwarding critical security and operational machine data from the mainframe to Splunk.
View this 20 minute demo to learn how Ironstream can deliver:
• Healthier IT operations by correlating events across all your IT Infrastructure – increasing efficiency, insight and cost-savings
• Clearer, more precise security information with complete visibility into enterprise wide security alerts and risks for all systems, including mainframes
• Less complexity by breaking down silos and seamlessly integrating with Splunk for a single view of all your systems, with no mainframe expertise required
We also share how one federal law-enforcement agency used Ironstream to meet the ever-changing reporting requests from its auditors in order to prove compliance with information-security requirements.
This document provides a resume for Armando Cardenas. It summarizes his education, including a Bachelor of Science in Telecommunications Management from DeVry University and an Associate of Arts in Economics from Pasadena City College. It also outlines his extensive experience over 20 years providing IT support across various roles, supporting a wide range of hardware, software, and networking technologies. He has expertise installing, configuring, and troubleshooting systems from Dell, EMC, Unisys, and other vendors.
Essential Layers of IBM i Security: File and Field SecurityPrecisely
Numerous regulations require that sensitive data is protected and cannot be seen by unauthorized individuals, whether internal or external. Learn the keys to protecting files and data on the IBM i.
This presentation demonstrate how Incorta support the data security requirements. It describes how to define the session variable and how to define the security filters.
Network management helps organizations achieve goals around availability, performance, and security. It facilitates scalability by analyzing current network behavior, applying upgrades, and troubleshooting problems. An effective network management strategy determines which resources to monitor, what metrics to use, and how to collect and analyze data. It also develops processes for fault, configuration, performance, security, and accounting management. Common components include managed devices that collect data, agents in devices, and network management systems that monitor devices and display information.
The Science peer review system uses a custom-built web-based system to manage manuscript submission and review as PDF files, but downstream production processes to publish the content are handled by separate disconnected systems, leading to some inefficiencies; while the peer review system has proven successful, fully integrating editorial and production workflows could streamline processes and maximize reuse of reviewed content.
End User Development - Governance and Risk ManagementDaniel Li
My personal point of view of how Microsoft technologies could help address the End User Development governance & compliance requirements called out by MAS IBTRM
Every IT Manager's Key to Better Data ManagementHelpSystems
What every IT Manager needs to know to solve their biggest business intelligence struggles. Productivity – Empowerment – Security. Three of the banes for IT that are important to run an efficient I.T. department and a business.
I will begin with Productivity. This is productivity for the IT staff but that in turn affects the productivity of others, and the organization as a whole.
VTU Open Elective 6th Sem CSE - Module 2 - Cloud ComputingSachin Gowda
This document provides an overview of cloud computing architectures and the Aneka cloud application platform. It discusses the different types of cloud services (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS), deployment models (public, private, hybrid clouds), and the characteristics of the Aneka platform which provides a programming model and tools for developing and managing distributed applications on cloud infrastructures. It also summarizes the core components and services that make up the Aneka platform.
An IT infrastructure is composed of hardware, software, networking technology, data management technology, and technology services. The document describes the key components of an IT infrastructure including:
1. Hardware such as desktop PCs, servers, storage devices, and input/output devices.
2. Software including operating systems, application software, database management systems, and web technologies.
3. Networking technologies such as peer-to-peer networks, client-server networks, and different network topologies.
4. Data management including database software, physical data storage, and storage area networks.
5. Technology services including IT support and management services.
The Evolving Data Center – Past, Present and FutureCisco Canada
The journey to Cloud is not linear. Realistically, most environments will have workloads that continue to run on both physical and virtualized infrastructures for some time. Join Cisco’s Data Centre Experts, as they outline the key technologies transforming the Data Centre, enabling an intelligent infrastructure which will support physical, virtualized and cloud applications as part of Cisco’s Unified Data Centre Architecture.
Decision Matrix for IoT Product DevelopmentAlexey Pyshkin
At first sight, the development of "hardware" products hardly differs from that of IoT devices. Here you can see the methodology of IoT product development based on an IoT framework by Daniel Elizalde. It’s a convenient and simple model that estimates expenses and potential income, evaluates the technological complexity and at the same time is easily understood by the client.
Made by notAnotherOne
This document provides an overview of cloud computing, including definitions of key cloud concepts like Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). It discusses characteristics of cloud computing like on-demand access to shared computing resources and pay-per-use models. Examples are given of opportunities like lower costs and challenges like dependence on internet connectivity. Statistics are presented on the growing cloud services market size and adoption of cloud models.
By leveraging a hybrid model that encompasses both on-premise resource utilization and cloud computing, organizations can deploy applications to the most appropriate resource pools, making themselves more agile and saving money. In this presentation at AWS Summit San Francisco, RightScale Senior Services Architect Brian Adler describes the factors that organizations must consider when they create a hybrid model that uses AWS services. He shares a detailed reference architecture for hybrid clouds, covers the preferred use cases for the allocation and utilization of on-premise and cloud computing resources, and reviews technologies available to seamlessly manage hybrid IT infrastructure.
The document discusses the physical architecture layer of a system. It describes common architectures like server-based, client-based, and client-server. Client-server is the most common and can have multiple tiers. Distributed objects computing uses middleware. Key considerations in selecting an architecture are costs, development ease, and scalability. The physical design is represented using deployment diagrams and network models. Nonfunctional requirements like performance, security, and cultural factors also influence the physical architecture design.
The document discusses cloud computing service and deployment models. It describes the three main service models: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). It also outlines the four primary deployment models: public cloud, private cloud, community cloud, and hybrid cloud. For each service and deployment model, the document provides examples and discusses the enabling techniques, typical system architectures, and services provided.
This document provides an introduction to IT infrastructure architecture, defining key concepts and building blocks. It discusses how infrastructures have become more complex with new applications and the need for agility. The definition of infrastructure is examined, noting it depends on perspective. Infrastructure comprises processes/information, applications, application platforms, and underlying hardware/network blocks. Non-functional requirements like availability, performance and security are crucial to infrastructure and often conflicting to balance. Architecture is needed to manage infrastructure design, use and changes.
The document discusses the goals and requirements of an abstraction layer (AL) for networking applications. The AL aims to decouple innovation between network application vendors and hardware vendors to allow both sides to innovate independently. It seeks to define a common interface that supports different hardware architectures, provides offloads, and enables applications to efficiently move packets while being hypervisor agnostic and portable across systems. The requirements include functional characteristics like packet processing as well as non-functional aspects like security, performance, extensibility, and manageability.
The document provides information about configuring and administering a server. It discusses server specifications, compatibility, configuration and testing. It defines what a server and network operating system are. The document outlines different server types including file, print, application, mail, terminal and remote access servers. It also covers client support, communication, users and groups, Windows server editions, UNIX/Linux servers, network computer groups, and items that need to be configured on a server like services, authentication, and authorization.
Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. Key characteristics of cloud computing include on-demand self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and measured service. Common uses of cloud computing involve hosting applications and services through major cloud platforms like Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud.
This document provides an overview and introduction to Windows Azure SQL Database. It discusses key topics such as:
- SQL Database service tiers including Basic, Standard, and Premium, which are differentiated by performance levels measured in Database Transaction Units (DTUs) and other features.
- Database size limits and performance metrics for each tier.
- Database replication and high availability capabilities to ensure reliability.
- Support for common SQL Server features while noting some limitations compared to on-premises SQL Server.
- Considerations for database naming, users/logins, migrations, and automation in the SQL Database platform.
- Indexing requirements and compatibility differences to be aware of.
General discussions
Why cloud?
The terminology: relating virtualization and cloud
Types of Virtualization and Cloud deployment model
Decisive factors in migration
Hands-on cloud deployment
Cloud for banks
An RDX Insights Series Presentation that analyzes the most significant areas of database vendor competition. Competitive evaluations include public vs private cloud, the three leading public cloud offerings, NoSQL vs relational, open source vs commercial and the traditional DBMS vendors vs all competitors.
The document discusses cloud computing, including that it allows multiple users to access data through a single server without separate licenses. It describes cloud infrastructure models like full virtualization and para-virtualization. The pros of cloud computing are applications can be accessed without installation, unlimited data storage, and access from anywhere, while cons include internet outages, site access issues, and lack of secrecy. Cloud service models like SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS are also outlined.
The document discusses process modeling and data flow diagrams (DFDs). It defines key terms like process model, data flow diagramming, and DFD elements. It describes how to create DFDs through a multi-level hierarchy, with each level providing more detail. It also discusses best practices for DFD development, such as integrating use cases, validating diagrams, and avoiding common errors. The overall purpose is to explain how DFDs can be used to formally represent business processes through graphical modeling.
This document discusses the systems development life cycle (SDLC) for developing health information systems. It describes the main phases of SDLC as planning, analysis, design, and implementation. It then provides more details on the steps within each phase, including identifying business needs in planning, gathering requirements and creating system proposals in analysis, and designing the system architecture, databases, and programs in design. The implementation phase includes constructing the system, installing it, and creating a support plan. It also outlines the key roles and responsibilities of systems analysts in managing each stage of the process.
The document discusses the planning process for a new IT project, including evaluating its necessity and feasibility. It covers identifying the project based on business needs, determining a project sponsor, analyzing the technical, economic, and organizational feasibility. Technical feasibility involves assessing the team's ability to develop and implement the system. Economic feasibility requires analyzing costs/benefits over time using measures like ROI, BEP, and NPV. Organizational feasibility means determining if users will adopt the new system by examining stakeholder support and how it aligns with business goals. The feasibility study is submitted for approval before full project initiation.
The document discusses planning for IT projects, including project selection, creating a project plan, staffing the project, and managing/controlling the project. Project selection involves considering all projects within the organization's project portfolio and prioritizing based on organizational needs. The project plan defines tasks, time estimates, and other details. Staffing includes developing a staffing plan and coordinating project activities. Managing the project encompasses scope management, time-boxing, and risk assessment.
This document outlines the steps for migrating to a new health information system, including preparing the business by selecting a conversion strategy and contingency plan, preparing the technology by installing hardware/software and converting data, preparing people for change through training and change management, and post-implementation activities like system support and maintenance as well as project and system reviews.
The document discusses the process of transitioning to a new IT system, including migration planning, change management, conversion strategies, and post-implementation activities. It emphasizes the importance of managing change, preparing users, and having contingency plans. A key part of the transition is selecting a conversion strategy that balances risks, costs, and time based on converting technical aspects and training users in a phased, modular, or parallel approach. After launching the new system, ongoing support, maintenance, and project assessments are needed to fully institutionalize the changes.
The document discusses the implementation phase of the systems development process. It covers managing the programming process, different types of testing including unit, integration, and acceptance testing, and developing documentation for both users and programmers. Testing helps ensure the system meets requirements and is done systematically through a test plan that includes different categories and types of testing. High-quality documentation takes significant time to develop and should include both system documentation for maintenance and user documentation to help users operate the new system.
This document discusses data storage design for health information systems, including data storage formats, revising logical data models to physical models, optimizing storage through normalization to reduce redundancy and denormalization for speed, and clustering, indexing and estimating data size for hardware planning.
The document discusses principles and processes for user interface design for health information systems. It covers principles for layout, navigation design using menus and messages, input design using different input types and validation, and output design. The goal is to design interfaces that are usable, learnable, and support users' tasks through application of these principles and following a process of requirements analysis, prototyping, and evaluation.
The document discusses the key principles of user interface design. It covers understanding users, organizing the interface structure, defining standards, prototyping, and evaluating the interface. Some important principles discussed include layout, consistency, minimizing user effort. It also discusses designing navigation, input and output elements following principles like clear labeling, minimizing keystrokes and validating input. The overall goal is to create an interface that is easy to use, learn and helps users complete their tasks efficiently.
The document discusses architecture design for information systems. It describes key components of architecture design including software components, hardware components, and different architecture models like client-server. It emphasizes that architecture design should assign software components to hardware devices in the most advantageous way based on requirements. Non-functional requirements like operational, performance, security, and cultural needs should highly influence the chosen architecture. The document also discusses creating a hardware and software specification to outline technical needs for a new system.
This document discusses different system acquisition strategies for health information systems, including custom development, packaged software, and outsourcing. Custom development allows flexibility but requires more time and resources. Packaged software is faster to implement but may not meet all needs. Outsourcing reduces costs but loses control. The design phase should gather more information on options through requests for proposals, quotes, or information. An alternative matrix can then compare options based on criteria and weights to select the best acquisition strategy.
This document discusses different system acquisition strategies for health information systems, including custom development, packaged software, and outsourcing. Custom development allows flexibility but requires more resources while packaged software has faster implementation but may not meet all needs. Outsourcing reduces costs but loses control. The design phase focuses on selecting an acquisition strategy by gathering information from vendors and an organization's own IT through requests for proposals, quotes, or information. A matrix of alternatives and criteria is used to evaluate options and select the best strategy.
The document discusses the transition from systems analysis to design. It explains that in design, the logical work from analysis is converted into physical specifications for building the system. The key steps in design include determining the acquisition strategy (e.g. custom development, purchased package, outsourcing), technical architecture, and creating a system specification. The main acquisition strategies - custom development, purchased packages, and outsourcing - are described along with their pros and cons. Factors to consider in selecting a strategy include technical needs, costs, and organizational capabilities. Developing requests for proposals, collecting information on options, and creating an alternative matrix can aid in evaluating different design approaches.
The document discusses Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERDs) which are used for data modeling. It covers the basic elements of ERDs including entities, attributes, and relationships. It provides instructions on how to create an ERD by identifying entities, adding attributes, and drawing relationships. It also discusses validating an ERD through normalization and ensuring it is consistent with other process models.
The document discusses data modeling and entity relationship diagrams (ERDs). It provides definitions of key concepts like data models, logical vs physical data models, and ERDs. It explains how to create ERDs by identifying entities, attributes, relationships and applying rules of cardinality and modality. The document also discusses validating ERDs through techniques like normalization, balancing ERDs with data flow diagrams, and using CRUD matrices. Overall, the document provides guidance on developing high quality ERDs to model the data requirements of a system.
This document discusses process modeling and data flow diagrams (DFDs). It describes the key elements of DFDs including processes, data flows, data stores, and external entities. It outlines the steps for creating DFDs, which include building a context diagram, creating DFD fragments for each use case, organizing them into a level 0 diagram, developing level 1 DFDs based on use case steps, and validating the DFDs. Common syntax errors like violating the law of conservation of data are also discussed.
The document discusses process modeling and data flow diagrams (DFDs). It defines key terms like process model, data flow diagramming, and DFD elements. It describes how to create DFDs through a multi-level hierarchy, with a context diagram, level 0 diagram, and lower level diagrams. It emphasizes balancing the diagrams, numbering processes correctly, and integrating use cases. Finally, it provides tips for developing DFDs and evaluating them for quality.
Use cases depict interactions between users and a system to achieve a goal. A use case includes the triggering event, major steps, inputs/outputs for each step, and alternative paths. Use cases are developed through interviews and observations to understand user needs and system requirements. They provide a high-level view of functionality that can be used for testing and development.
This document discusses use case analysis in systems analysis and design. It defines use cases, explains their purpose in expressing user requirements and clarifying functional needs. It describes the typical elements of a use case including name, description, actors, triggers, flows, exceptions. It also discusses different use case styles and formats, and how use cases inform both functional requirements and test case development.
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1. HI-600: Analysis and Design of Health Information Systems
Design: Part II
Architecture Design
2. Architectural Components
• Software Components
• Data Storage
• Data Access Logic
• Application Logic
• Presentation Logic
• Hardware Components
• Client Computers
• Servers
• The network
3. Client-Server Architectures
Balances processing between clients and server(s)
• Client: Presentation logic
• Server(s): Data storage and data access logic
• Thick (fat) / thin clients
• Thick/fat client: All or most application logic
• Thin client: Small part of the application logic
4. Client-Server Architectures (con’t)
• Scalable
• Can support different types of clients and
servers through middleware
• The logical software components can be
independent
• Server failure only affects dependent
applications
• Software development is more complex.
7. Advances in Architecture Configurations
• Virtualization refers to a creation of a virtual device or
resource, such as a server or storage device
• Cloud computing – everything from computing power to
computing infrastructure, to applications can be
delivered as a service wherever and whenever needed
Comparing architecture options: Often the current
infrastructure restricts the choice of architecture; client-
server architectures are more cost- effective
8. CREATING AN ARCHITECTURE DESIGN
• Operational Requirements
• Technical Environment, System Integration, Portability,
Maintainability
• Performance Requirements
• Speed, Capacity, Availability and Reliability
• Security Requirements
• System Value, Access Control, Encryption and Authentication,
Virus Control
• Cultural and Political Requirements
• Multilingual, Customization, Unstated Norms, Legal
14. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION
• Software
• Operating System
• Special Software
• Hardware
• Clients
• Each server
• Peripheral Devices
• Backup Devices
• Storage Devices
• Network
15. Factors in hardware and software selection
• Functions and Features
• Performance
• Legacy Databases and Systems
• Hardware and OS Strategy
• Cost of Ownership
• Political Preferences
• Vendor Preferences
16. SUMMARY
• Application architecture
• Client-server architecture
• Advances in architecture configurations: virtualization
and cloud computing
• Architecture Design
• Nonfunctional requirements
• Hardware and software specification
• A document that describes what hardware and
software are needed to support the application
Editor's Notes
Last week, we talked about the design phase in general, what activities it includes and we learned about the first decision we make as we start the design phase, that is the decision of selecting of a strategy to acquire a system from the list of strategies of custom development, purchasing a packaged software, and outsourcing.
This week, we are at the second step of the design phase.
Now that we know what strategy we will use to acquire the system, we will discuss the concepts about software and hardware for the system by learning about the two deliverables: the “architecture design” and the “hardware and software specification”.
The objective of architecture design is to determine how the software components of the information system will be assigned to the hardware devices of the system.
We will first talk about elements of architecture design, then how to create it for the system at hand.
During the architecture design, we plan for how the system will be distributed across multiple computers and what hardware, operating system software, and application software will be used for each computer.
The key factors in architecture design are the nonfunctional requirements that are developed earlier in the analysis phase.
Then, we will talk about the hardware and software specification document that describes what specific hardware and software are needed to support the application.
In order to assign software tasks to hardware computers as it is the goal of the architecture design, we first look at the major components of software and hardware for any system.
All software systems can be divided into four basic functions:
- First of which is the Data storage. Whether in a simple single file or an enterprise level database, all systems need a place to store information for the system that are documented in ERDs as the data entities.
- Another software component called Data access logic is needed that encompasses the processing required to access stored data. This component is usually composed of the database queries that read, create, update, or delete data in the data storage.
- The Application logic includes the logic documented in the DFDs, use cases, and functional requirements.
- And finally the Presentation logic is used to interact with the user through the display of information to the user and the acceptance of the user’s commands.
The three primary hardware components include:
- Client computers: Input-output devices employed by users (e.g., PCs, laptops, handheld devices, smart phones)
- Servers: Larger multi-user computers used to store software and data.
- The network: Connects the computers. Many variations of networks are possible in terms of size, security, speed, and bandwidth, but the network types is outside of the scope of our course, so we will not get into too much details.
The software components can be placed on the hardware components in many different combinations,
however, following the textbook, we will only cover the most commonly used client-server architecture and a couple of less common client-based and server-based architectures.
We will also mention a couple of advances in architecture configuration: virtualization and cloud computing.
Client-server architectures balance the processing between client devices and one or more server devices.
The client is responsible for the presentation logic, whereas the server is responsible for the data access logic and data storage.
The application logic can be allocated in couple of different ways: when most of the application logic is assigned to the clients, then the clients require more processing power and are referred as thick or fat clients
and when the clients only handle only a small portion of application logic; they require less resources and they are referred as thin clients.
As web browsers are becoming more and more capable, more systems are built to be web-based systems, which are an example of thin client client-server architecture, because the web browser (thin client) handles only a small part of the presentation logic using scripting and markup languages, whereas majority of the presentation logic and all of the data storage and data access logic is handled by the server(s).
The most important benefit of the client-server architectures is that they are very scalable, meaning that it is relatively easy to increase or decrease the storage and processing capabilities.
This way, your initial cost could be less and you still have the option to gradually upgrade your servers in small increments as your number of clients increase.
This architecture also allows clients with different operating systems through the use of additional software called middleware.
Middleware is a type of system software installed on both client and server sides to translate between different vendor’s software (ex: server side Microsoft and Client side Apple).
Middleware is needed less and less as number standard protocols increase, but still very necessary (ex: ODBC: Open Database Connectivity).
Another benefit of client-server architecture is that not only the data storage software component, but also the presentation logic, the application logic, and the data processing logic can be independent. So, each of the software components can be updated without affecting the other software components.
Also, this architecture allows a server failure, which only effects the applications requiring that sever and let the other applications keep running while that server is being replaced.
However a major limitation of client-server architectures is their complexity.
Software needs to be developed for server-side and client-side versus in server-based architectures, whole software is designed for the server-side.
This makes updates more complicated as well, since you have to update both client and server sides simultaneously and ensure that you are running compatible versions.
There are many ways in which the application logic can be partitioned between the client and the server.
The arrangement in the top figure is a common configuration, called two-tiered architecture, since there are only two sets of computers involved.
In two-tiered architecture, servers are responsible for data storage and data access logic, whereas the clients handle both presentation logic and application logic.
In three-tiered architecture there are two sets of servers and a set of clients.
It is similar to the two-tiered architecture, except that the application logic is now running on application server(s), whereas the clients are only responsible for the presentation logic.
The middle tier of the three-tiered architecture can be divided into tiers, assigning different types of the application logic to different application servers, such as web servers or directory servers.
This type of architecture is called n-tiered architecture, where business logic is handled by separate server(s) than web server or mail server.
Three or n-tiered architectures allow balancing the load on different servers, therefore they are more scalable than the two-tiered servers.
On the other hand, there is a greater load on the network, because of the busy server-to-server traffic and it is harder to program for an n-tiered architecture, because server-to-server communication should also be properly programmed.
A couple of the less common architecture puts almost all of the software on the server side or on the client side.
The server-based architectures let everything handled by the server and the client is merely an input/output device where user keystrokes are transferred to the server and server instructions are displayed on the client-side.
This most primitive architecture is easier to develop and manage software for and is still in use.
As demand from systems grew in terms of their processing requirements and the number of clients they need to handle, it became harder to handle all that demand on the server side, using expensive mainframes.
However, server-based architecture is still viable today in a slightly different way in the form of virtual desktop infrastructure, where you have zero (or ultrathin) clients that have their operating systems running on the server (ex: Citrix).
The benefits of zero-client computing include
- having significantly less power consumption,
- significant cost savings compared to fat-clients, where large number of clients are needed,
- less vulnerability to malware and less cost of maintenance,
- and inherent reduction of non-business use
The client-based architectures, on the other hand, let all logical computing be handled by the client and use the server only for data storage.
It works well for the systems with less number of users or limited data access requirements. Because data access logic is not where data is stored, every time data is needed by a client entire database needs to travel over the network to the client where data access logic can be executed.
Advances in hardware, software, and networking have given rise to a number of new architecture options and a couple that get more attention are Virtualization and Cloud computing.
Virtualization refers to a creation of a virtual device or resource, such as a server or storage device.
We have already talked about desktop virtualization infrastructure in server-based architectures.
Here we are talking about server, storage or network virtualization.
Server virtualization involves partitioning a physical server hardware into smaller virtual servers using software.
As hardware technology has improved, it became wasteful to spend all of the resources a physical server provides to a single server.
So, thanks to virtualization, many servers can run on a single physical server hardware independently, which optimizes the operational costs.
Storage virtualization involves combining multiple network storage devices into what appears to be a single storage unit.
A high-speed sub-network, called storage area network (SAN), is established among smaller shared storage devices to enable the storage virtualization.
So in general, virtualization adds a level of abstraction between actual physical servers and what systems perceive as their servers.
Although there are many storage devices with smaller capacity, the system sees it as a single large storage device; OR
Although there are only a few physical servers, the system sees many server resources that it can utilize.
As we see with the virtualization, there are systems between the system we want to run and the hardware resources
And these systems make it unnecessary for our system to know about the actual physical hardware it runs on.
So, thinking a step further, all our system needs actually is a bunch of resources and it can be blind to where those resources are.
That brings us to Cloud computing.
Cloud computing refers to everything from computing power to computing infrastructure, applications, business processes to personal collaboration can be delivered as a service wherever and whenever needed.
The “cloud” in cloud computing can be defined as the set of hardware, networks, storages, devices, and interfaces that combine to deliver aspects of computing as a service.
Cloud computing can be implemented in three ways:
- private cloud, where everything is provided “as a service” over the internet without much control over the underlying technology infrastructure
- public cloud, where the services are provided over a company intranet or a hosted data center and
- hybrid cloud, where based on requirements private and public cloud options are combined.
Advantages of cloud computing include
1. Scaling resource allocation based on demand.
2. Cloud customers can obtain cloud resources in a straightforward fashion.
3. Cloud services typically have standardized APIs (application program interfaces).
4. The cloud computing model enables customers to be billed for resources based on usage, which makes it very attractive as it does not require as large of an initial investment.
Although it is very promising, at this time, cloud computing is in its early stage of development.
You are probably aware of the multiple breaches recently.
It is still very risky for healthcare organizations to move their systems to any type of public or even hybrid cloud solution.
Before, we move into how we create architecture design, let us note that we are not completely free to choose an architecture for our system among the options:
Most systems are built to use the existing infrastructure in the organization, so often the current infrastructure restricts the choice of architecture.
Each of the architectures we discussed has its strengths and weaknesses, but
Client-server architectures are usually favored on the basis of the cost of infrastructure.
Architecture design creation is a complex process and often requires help from experts.
Creating an architecture design begins with the nonfunctional requirements that were created in the analysis phase.
Then, the nonfunctional requirements are refined into more detailed requirements and the architecture is selected based on refined non-functional requirements.
An finally the refined nonfunctional requirements and the architecture design are used to develop the hardware and software specification.
Like we saw in the analysis phase, the nonfunctional requirements can be categorized into four primary groups: operational, performance, security, and cultural and political requirements. Let us examine them in more detail and then we will talk about how they may affect the architecture design.
The textbook covers each type of the nonfunctional requirements in great detail. So, I will leave the textbook definitions to the textbook and just talk about examples of nonfunctional requirements in health information systems:
The system should have its dashboard measures and reports interface to be optimized both for mobile devices and desktop browsers.
The nurse documentation system should be able to work with the different ADT system that is used by the new hospital that will be acquiring next year.
As our infrastructure will be upgraded in 4 to 6 months, the system must be compatible with the new operating system version.
The system must interface with specific medical equipment to record data.
Operational Requirements
Technical Environment Requirements,
System Integration Requirements,
Portability Requirements,
Maintainability Requirements
The intraoperative record must be available to the PACU providers in real-time.
The system must be able to handle 250 concurrent documentations.
The intra-op module must be available 24x7.
In case of a disaster at the data center, the system must be able to be turned back online within a day with only at most 6 hours of data loss
Performance Requirements
Speed Requirements,
Capacity Requirements,
Availability and Reliability Requirements
Pharmacy inventory updates can be only done by pharmacy staff
All users of the system must have an Active Directory account
All data that transmits between computers must be encrypted
Security Requirements
System Value Estimates,
Access Control Requirements,
Encryption and Authentication Requirements,
Virus Control Requirements
All patient interfaces must have both English and Spanish versions
Medication formulary has to be completely configurable
The system must allow nurse managers to set hypotension alarm threshold for their units
All weight fields should allow data entry as lb or as kg
The system must allow both ICD-9 and ICD-10 coding
Cultural and Political Requirements
Multilingual Requirements,
Customization Requirements,
Making Unstated Norms Explicit,
Legal Requirements
As I said before usually, the technical environment requirements as driven by the business requirements define the application architecture.
We will not spend too much time on this, but if the technical environment requirements do not require the choice of a specific architecture, then other nonfunctional requirements become important for designing the architecture and the textbook gives a good summary of Implications of nonfunctional requirements on architecture design in Figure 8-10.
For example for the systems where performance requirements are more important client-server architecture is a much better option over server based architecture.
Once we have the architecture design determined, we also need to select the hardware and software that will be needed for the system.
The hardware and software specification is a document that describes what hardware and software are needed to support the application.
In creating the hardware and software specification, we first define software by
Defining the operating system and any special purpose software
we also consider additional costs such as training, warranty, maintenance, licensing agreements.
Next, we create a list of the hardware needed
Database servers, network servers, peripheral devices, clients, backup devices, storage components, and others.
Finally, we describe the minimum requirements for each piece of hardware.
Depending on the existing infrastructure, sometimes, we also determine the network needs for the system.
Some of the factors that influence hardware and software selection includes searching nonfunctional requirements for
Compatibility concerns regarding the legacy systems, cost concerns, and limitations such as vendors that have existing contracts with the organization.
Once the hardware and software specification is ready, then the project team works with the purchasing department to prepare a Request for Proposal (RFP).
Then the proposals received from vendors are evaluated with the help of the purchasing department.
So, this week, we have learned about architecture design elements and advanced architecture options virtualization and cloud computing. Then we re-iterated that the architecture design and hardware and software design are almost entirely based on nonfunctional requirements.