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March 8th
2018
A Disaster, Risk & Resilience
Bibhuti Bhusan Gadanayak
State DRR Coordinator
UNICEF, Assam, India
curriculum that is fit for purpose in the sector at
Coventry University
CONTE
NTS
 Introduction
Vision of Coventry University
Relevance for University
education
Disaster Risk and Resilience
Need of DRR Curriculum for
University
 Role of academia in DRR
DRR in education
Stages of curriculum development
Proposed subject to be
covered
 Contents of curriculum
Our vision is to ensure that everything we do as a University
is related to the business and outside world. So our education
is now much more vocationally based and everything we do
supports enterprise, entrepreneurship and knowledge
transfer to motivator of countries .”
Approach: Partnership driven, entrepreneurial and
sustainable.
Vision of the
University
Relevance for University
educationSendai Framework for DRR
Section V, subsection 35 (b) of the framework
mentions
• Academia…….to. focus on the disaster risk
factors and scenarios, including emerging
disaster risks, in the medium and long term;
• Increase research for regional, national and
local application;
• Support action by local communities and
authorities;
• Support the interface between policy and
science for decision-making;”
 Reports says UNISDR 2015, 72% of reporting countries incorporated DRR in School curriculum
 DRR teaching materials and guidance for teachers are prepared and provided (UNICEF 2012; UNESCO/UNICEF 2012).
 Challenges are identified in implementing and delivering the DRR curriculum in many disaster
prone countries (UNICEF 2012; UNESCO/UNICEF 2012).
 The effectiveness of current arrangement of DRR in the curriculum is not clear (UNESCO/UNICEF 2012; Johnson et
al. 2014; Amri et al. 2016).
 It is also suggested, methodologies to be developed for re-using the teaching materials (UNISDR 2014).
 More effective approach for the planning and delivery of the DRR curriculum is required.
 Sharing of best practices among disaster prone countries would be an better alternative.
 The SDG and SFDRR advocates for substantial reduction of disaster risks through agreed
principles adopted by the countries;
 It emphasises DRR is every body’s business and need holistic approach to resilience building;
Disaster, Risk & Resilience - WHY
curriculum that is fit for purpose in the sector at Coventry University
Need of DRR curriculum for Univ
Disasters are occurring at high frequency with increased severity.
Climate Change impacts exacerbate humanitarian and development challenges.
Reducing Disaster Risk is a great challenge for many countries.
Efforts on Resilient and Risk Informed Programming would minimise the damage caused due to disasters
(RIP is a process which takes risk prospective as an integral component of thinking, planning, implementing and monitoring development programmes through risk
analysis and consequent prog. Adjustment)
The education sector has a key role to play in addressing these challenges and in preventing hazards
from becoming disasters.
DRR in education curriculum will enable the society to prepare, prevent and mitigate the disaster impacts.
It will enable the countries to protect the development gains.
Education is the key for knowledge building, capacity development contributing to nations resilience
building.
Mainstreaming DRR in the course curriculum will create a cadre of disaster managers with knowledge, capacity
and skills .
It is better to prepare and prevent, than repair and repent.....................!!
Role of Academia in DRR
AcademicEducation
ResearchandInnovation
ExtensionActivities
CampusSafety
Risk Analysis of
campus
Campus safety
and security
plan
Risk Mitigation
and
Preparedness
for Response
measures
Local risk
landscape
Policy Agenda
Scoping DRR
innovations
DRR
Knowledge
management
Integration
and
Mainstreaming
Screening of
existing courses
from risk lens
and scoping
Identification
and inclusion of
risk reduction
education
contents
Best practices
Self safety
Policy and
Planning
Capacity
Development
Awareness and
BCC
Demonstration
DRR Advocacy
Bridging gaps
Information
Dissemination
DRR in education
A comprehensive approach to DRR in
education addresses:
 Safe learning facilities
 Institutional disaster management
 Risk Reduction and Resilience Education
Hence comprehensive education curriculum
is critical to achieve the above objectives
Stage 1: Planning and
preparing the curriculum
Stage 2: Conceptualizing
and writing the curriculum
Stage 3: Implementation
Stage 4: Monitoring,
evaluating and regular
updating of the curriculum
•Coordination
•Multi-disciplinary approach
•Inter disciplinary programmes
•Curriculum blending
•Target audience
• All levels involvement
• 5W,1-H
Stages of curriculum development
Proposed subjects to be
covered
The curriculum can be divided in 2 parts in 4 semesters out of
which, 2 semesters will cover the theory part and rest for hands
on learning as projectCATEGORY I – INTRODUCTION TO Disaster Preparedness Mitigation and Management
 Managing Disasters:
 On-line Course in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance: Linking with other Universities through electronic media
for peer learning
CATEGORY II – DISASTER MITIGATION
 Mitigation of Earthquake Disasters:
 Floods and Droughts:
 Climate Hazards and Early Warning Systems
 RS and GIS for Disaster Mitigation
CATEGORY III – DISASTER PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
 Human Conflicts and Humanitarian Emergency Management
 Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction and Management – Theory and Practice
 Disaster Response and Emergency Management
 Disaster Governance, Policy and Risk Management
 Introduction
 The context of disaster
 Global natural disaster trend
 The Economic and human impact of disasters in the last 10
years
 Basics and concepts
 Disaster
 Risk
 Resilience
 4 pillars of disaster resilience
 Risk and resilient development
 Risk and global initiatives
 Introduction to DPMM
 Managing Disasters
 Online course in DM and Humanitarian Assistance
 Disaster Mitigation
 Mitigation of earthquake disaster
 Flood and draughts
 Climate hazards
 GIS for disaster mitigation
 Disaster Planning and management
 Human Conflicts and Humanitarian Emergency Management
 Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction and Management –
Theory and Practice
 Disaster Response and Emergency Management
CONTENTS OF
CURRICULUM
Last decade 2000 to 2010, around 4,014 disasters were reported
Claimed more than 1 million lives and incurring an economic loss of
US$986,000 m.
Coastal populations dramatically increasing (leading towards
more demographic vulnerabilities)
New problems of “mega disasters” emerging
Disasters are undermining years of development efforts
Increase in anthropogenic and human induced vulnerabilities
Reducing DR is becoming grater challenge for many countries.
The context of Disaster
Global natural disaster trends
1900 to 2014
The Economic and
human impact of
disasters in the last
10 years
IFRC
(VULNERABILITY+ HAZARD ) / CAPACITY = DISASTER
UNISDR
A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society at
any scale due to hazardous events interacting with conditions of
exposure, vulnerability and capacity, leading to one or more of the
following: human, material, economic and environmental losses and
impacts.
What do we understand
- A disaster is a result from the combination of hazard, vulnerability
and insufficient capacity or measures to reduce the potential
chances of risk.
Types of disaster
Natural -Water & Climate related disasters, Geological
Man made: Chemical, industrial &Nuclear, Accident related disasters,
Biological disasters
Disaster
Risk
Risk is a “measure of the expected losses due to a
hazard event occurring in a given area over a specific
time period.
The level of risk depends upon:
Nature of the hazard
Vulnerability of the elements which are affected
Economic value of those elements
Shocks or Stresses x Exposure x
Vulnerability
Risk = capacity
Risk formula
Resilience…….…
“the potential of a particular configuration of a system
to: maintain its structure/function in the face of
disturbance, and the ability of the system to re-organize
following disturbance-driven change . . .
(Louis Lebel, 2001)
“the capacity to survive, adapt and recover from a
natural disaster”.
(IFRC, 2004)
Summery,……the capacity to bounce back.
1. Preparedness (hazard, vulnerability, and risk assessments; predictions, forecasts and
warning; disaster planning scenarios; insurance; intelligent community)
2. Protection (implementation of building codes and lifeline standards; site-specific design and
performance standards for essential and critical facilities)
3. Emergency response (evacuation; emergency medical; mass care; search and
rescue; emergency transportation, local, regional, and international assistance)
4. Recovery (reconstruction; local, regional, and global business resumption; post-disaster studies for
pre-disaster preparedness)
4 - pillars of disaster resilience
Disaster
Management
Community
Development
Coastal
Management
Resilience
Domains of prac
“Resilient development means providing
communities with what they need to be better
prepared, manage and recover from crisis.
It requires addressing the underlying drivers of
inequity and fragility that cause environmental,
economic and social deprivation and stresses.
- UNICEF Office of the Executive Director, 2016
Risk and Resilient
Development
Risk and global initiative
• SDG refers to global health threats, disasters, violent conflict, climate change, and other
humanitarian crises threatening to reverse the development progress made in recent decades; and the
Paris Climate Agreement
• SFDRR speaks to reducing risks in the context of disasters caused by nature, man-made,
environmental, technological and biological hazards.
• The Paris Climate Agreement has includes Comprehensive Risk
Assessments and Risk Management
• WHS demand that we address risk and its impact.
17 Sustainable Development
Goals
Speaks about establishing
the role of DRR as a core development
strategy10 Goals
25 targets
Conducting research, data, and assessment
Implementation of curriculum has 5
Dimensions
Frequently, Less
Frequently and Rarely
Addressed Dimensions of
DRR Education
DRR education
comprises five
essential
dimensions.
It addresses......
They are essential
in that, collectively,
they allow for a full
and systematic
treatment of DRR in
the curriculum,
while encouraging
DRR learning in
both the education
and the community.
Methodology
Class room lecture, Assignment Term Paper (Presentation,
Analysis and Discussions), Case Study Analysis and
Discussion, use of new technology to understand the concepts
and Quizzes.
Time Distribution and Study Load
o Lectures: 45 hours
o Self study: 135 hours
o Assignments, presentations and group activities: 18 hours
Evaluation Scheme of learning capacity, it is to assess
o Mid-semester examination: 30%
o Final examination: 30%
o Assignment: 10%
o Quizzes: 10 %
o Term paper: 20%
o Both Mid- semester and Final examinations will be closed book.
First 2 semester
 Seminar
 Journal club
 Exposure visit
Last 2 semester
 Hands on training
 Hands on experience
in emergency situation
 Block placement
 Internship
Core research area
 Emergency Response and Preparedness
 Vulnerability and Risk Assessment
 Coping and Adaptation
 Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
 Institutional and Community Capacity Building
 Mitigation of Flood, Drought, Cyclone,
Earthquake Disasters
 Tsunami and Coastal Engineering
 Remote Sensing and GIS Technology for
Disaster Mitigation
 Human Conflicts and Humanitarian Emergency
Management
 Governance and Participatory DRM
 Social Capital and DRM
Social
Resilience
Social capital
Health
Education
Justice/protectio
n
Economic
Resilience
Economy
Businesses
Financial mgt.
Insurance
Resilience of the
Natural
Environment
Resource
management
Land-use planning
Climate change
adaptation
Built-in
Environmental
resilience
Infrastructure
Buildings/housing
Urban growth
Engieneering
Governance of
Risk and
Resilience
Leadership
Policy
Strategy
Safety/security
Cultural Capital
Cultural values
Traditional
knowledge
Identity
Culture/heritage
Conducting research, data, and assessment
Strengthening national resilience
1. http://www.ifrc.org/en/what-we-do/disaster-management/about-disasters/what-is-a-disaster/
2. http://www.unisdr.org/who-we-are/what-is-drr
3. https://www.flickr.com/photos/isdr/16111599814/
4. http://cbse.nic.in/natural%20hazards%20&%20disaster%20management.pdf
5. UNISDR (2015), The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-30 (pp-23) available at
http://www.preventionweb.net/files/43291_sendaiframeworkfordrren.pdf
6. Gadanayak, BB and Routray, JK (2010), A path to Disaster resilient Communities, Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany
7. http://www.sdc-drr.net/what
8. http://www.sdc-drr.net/disasters_rise
9.Sendai Frame Work for DRR 2015-2030
10.Political declaration WCDRR
11. IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, Working Group I, Summary for Policymakers: http://195.70.10.65/pdf/assessment-
report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-spm.pdf.
12. IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, Working Group II Report: http://195.70.10.65/ipccreports/ar4-wg2.htm.
13. http://www.vox.com/2015/4/7/8352381/anthropocene-NASA-images
14. Climate Change, Connections, UNFPA
15. Social Protection and Climate Resilience, Report from an international workshop A ddis Ababa March 14–17, 2011, WB
16. Disaster Risk Reduction private Sector partnership, UNISDR
13.
https://www.google.de/search?q=Images+Africa+disaster&tbm=isch&source=iu&pf=m&ictx=1&fir=bUfJFUQBmex4vM%253A%252C
ChNnKfC8N1mr3M%252C_&usg=__Fb0VIDtAQL9C5oD9iUERGtnwwvM%3D&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjsypXB2ojXAhUhDsAKHe3hD
HAQ9QEILTAA#imgrc=T6NPsobHl6EQdM:
Thank you
STEPSOFDEVELOPINGGPDMP
I.ReviewandAnalysis
ReviewingthehistoryofhazardsintheGParea
Trainingatpanchayatlevelonriskanalysisand
GPDMPprocess
II.SituationAnalysisIII.HazardMappingIV.Risk
MappingV.OpportunityMapping
PlacingthedraftriskanalysisreportbeforePanchayat
committeeandobtainingapproval
GaonSabhaapprovestheriskanalysisreportand
prioritiestheissuesforGPDMP
DRRactionsprioritisedandfundsallocated
ValidationofGPDMPforplacinginGramSabha
GPDMPapprovedbyGramSabha
GPDMPisincludedasanannexuretothefinalGPDP
Communityparticipatesinimplementationand
monitoringofGPDMP
Link between GPDP -GPDMP
STEPSOFDEVELOPINGGPDMP
I.ReviewandAnalysis
ReviewingthehistoryofhazardsintheGParea
TrainingatpanchayatlevelonriskanalysisandGPDMPprocess
II.SituationAnalysisIII.HazardMappingIV.RiskMapping
V.OpportunityMapping
PlacingthedraftriskanalysisreportbeforePanchayatcommittee
andobtainingapproval
GaonSabhaapprovestheriskanalysisreportandprioritiesthe
issuesforGPDMP
DRRactionsprioritisedandfundsallocated
ValidationofGPDMPforplacinginGramSabha
GPDMPapprovedbyGramSabha
GPDMPisincludedasanannexuretothefinalGPDP
Communityparticipatesinimplementationandmonitoringof
GPDMP
Link between GPDP -GPDMP
Disaster Risk Resilience, curriculum that is fit for purpose in the sector, Coventry University, United Kingdom

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Disaster Risk Resilience, curriculum that is fit for purpose in the sector, Coventry University, United Kingdom

  • 1. March 8th 2018 A Disaster, Risk & Resilience Bibhuti Bhusan Gadanayak State DRR Coordinator UNICEF, Assam, India curriculum that is fit for purpose in the sector at Coventry University
  • 2. CONTE NTS  Introduction Vision of Coventry University Relevance for University education Disaster Risk and Resilience Need of DRR Curriculum for University  Role of academia in DRR DRR in education Stages of curriculum development Proposed subject to be covered  Contents of curriculum
  • 3. Our vision is to ensure that everything we do as a University is related to the business and outside world. So our education is now much more vocationally based and everything we do supports enterprise, entrepreneurship and knowledge transfer to motivator of countries .” Approach: Partnership driven, entrepreneurial and sustainable. Vision of the University
  • 4. Relevance for University educationSendai Framework for DRR Section V, subsection 35 (b) of the framework mentions • Academia…….to. focus on the disaster risk factors and scenarios, including emerging disaster risks, in the medium and long term; • Increase research for regional, national and local application; • Support action by local communities and authorities; • Support the interface between policy and science for decision-making;”
  • 5.  Reports says UNISDR 2015, 72% of reporting countries incorporated DRR in School curriculum  DRR teaching materials and guidance for teachers are prepared and provided (UNICEF 2012; UNESCO/UNICEF 2012).  Challenges are identified in implementing and delivering the DRR curriculum in many disaster prone countries (UNICEF 2012; UNESCO/UNICEF 2012).  The effectiveness of current arrangement of DRR in the curriculum is not clear (UNESCO/UNICEF 2012; Johnson et al. 2014; Amri et al. 2016).  It is also suggested, methodologies to be developed for re-using the teaching materials (UNISDR 2014).  More effective approach for the planning and delivery of the DRR curriculum is required.  Sharing of best practices among disaster prone countries would be an better alternative.  The SDG and SFDRR advocates for substantial reduction of disaster risks through agreed principles adopted by the countries;  It emphasises DRR is every body’s business and need holistic approach to resilience building; Disaster, Risk & Resilience - WHY curriculum that is fit for purpose in the sector at Coventry University
  • 6. Need of DRR curriculum for Univ Disasters are occurring at high frequency with increased severity. Climate Change impacts exacerbate humanitarian and development challenges. Reducing Disaster Risk is a great challenge for many countries. Efforts on Resilient and Risk Informed Programming would minimise the damage caused due to disasters (RIP is a process which takes risk prospective as an integral component of thinking, planning, implementing and monitoring development programmes through risk analysis and consequent prog. Adjustment) The education sector has a key role to play in addressing these challenges and in preventing hazards from becoming disasters. DRR in education curriculum will enable the society to prepare, prevent and mitigate the disaster impacts. It will enable the countries to protect the development gains. Education is the key for knowledge building, capacity development contributing to nations resilience building. Mainstreaming DRR in the course curriculum will create a cadre of disaster managers with knowledge, capacity and skills . It is better to prepare and prevent, than repair and repent.....................!!
  • 7. Role of Academia in DRR AcademicEducation ResearchandInnovation ExtensionActivities CampusSafety Risk Analysis of campus Campus safety and security plan Risk Mitigation and Preparedness for Response measures Local risk landscape Policy Agenda Scoping DRR innovations DRR Knowledge management Integration and Mainstreaming Screening of existing courses from risk lens and scoping Identification and inclusion of risk reduction education contents Best practices Self safety Policy and Planning Capacity Development Awareness and BCC Demonstration DRR Advocacy Bridging gaps Information Dissemination
  • 8. DRR in education A comprehensive approach to DRR in education addresses:  Safe learning facilities  Institutional disaster management  Risk Reduction and Resilience Education Hence comprehensive education curriculum is critical to achieve the above objectives
  • 9. Stage 1: Planning and preparing the curriculum Stage 2: Conceptualizing and writing the curriculum Stage 3: Implementation Stage 4: Monitoring, evaluating and regular updating of the curriculum •Coordination •Multi-disciplinary approach •Inter disciplinary programmes •Curriculum blending •Target audience • All levels involvement • 5W,1-H Stages of curriculum development
  • 10. Proposed subjects to be covered The curriculum can be divided in 2 parts in 4 semesters out of which, 2 semesters will cover the theory part and rest for hands on learning as projectCATEGORY I – INTRODUCTION TO Disaster Preparedness Mitigation and Management  Managing Disasters:  On-line Course in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance: Linking with other Universities through electronic media for peer learning CATEGORY II – DISASTER MITIGATION  Mitigation of Earthquake Disasters:  Floods and Droughts:  Climate Hazards and Early Warning Systems  RS and GIS for Disaster Mitigation CATEGORY III – DISASTER PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT  Human Conflicts and Humanitarian Emergency Management  Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction and Management – Theory and Practice  Disaster Response and Emergency Management  Disaster Governance, Policy and Risk Management
  • 11.  Introduction  The context of disaster  Global natural disaster trend  The Economic and human impact of disasters in the last 10 years  Basics and concepts  Disaster  Risk  Resilience  4 pillars of disaster resilience  Risk and resilient development  Risk and global initiatives  Introduction to DPMM  Managing Disasters  Online course in DM and Humanitarian Assistance  Disaster Mitigation  Mitigation of earthquake disaster  Flood and draughts  Climate hazards  GIS for disaster mitigation  Disaster Planning and management  Human Conflicts and Humanitarian Emergency Management  Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction and Management – Theory and Practice  Disaster Response and Emergency Management CONTENTS OF CURRICULUM
  • 12. Last decade 2000 to 2010, around 4,014 disasters were reported Claimed more than 1 million lives and incurring an economic loss of US$986,000 m. Coastal populations dramatically increasing (leading towards more demographic vulnerabilities) New problems of “mega disasters” emerging Disasters are undermining years of development efforts Increase in anthropogenic and human induced vulnerabilities Reducing DR is becoming grater challenge for many countries. The context of Disaster
  • 13. Global natural disaster trends 1900 to 2014
  • 14. The Economic and human impact of disasters in the last 10 years
  • 15. IFRC (VULNERABILITY+ HAZARD ) / CAPACITY = DISASTER UNISDR A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society at any scale due to hazardous events interacting with conditions of exposure, vulnerability and capacity, leading to one or more of the following: human, material, economic and environmental losses and impacts. What do we understand - A disaster is a result from the combination of hazard, vulnerability and insufficient capacity or measures to reduce the potential chances of risk. Types of disaster Natural -Water & Climate related disasters, Geological Man made: Chemical, industrial &Nuclear, Accident related disasters, Biological disasters Disaster
  • 16. Risk Risk is a “measure of the expected losses due to a hazard event occurring in a given area over a specific time period. The level of risk depends upon: Nature of the hazard Vulnerability of the elements which are affected Economic value of those elements Shocks or Stresses x Exposure x Vulnerability Risk = capacity Risk formula
  • 17. Resilience…….… “the potential of a particular configuration of a system to: maintain its structure/function in the face of disturbance, and the ability of the system to re-organize following disturbance-driven change . . . (Louis Lebel, 2001) “the capacity to survive, adapt and recover from a natural disaster”. (IFRC, 2004) Summery,……the capacity to bounce back.
  • 18. 1. Preparedness (hazard, vulnerability, and risk assessments; predictions, forecasts and warning; disaster planning scenarios; insurance; intelligent community) 2. Protection (implementation of building codes and lifeline standards; site-specific design and performance standards for essential and critical facilities) 3. Emergency response (evacuation; emergency medical; mass care; search and rescue; emergency transportation, local, regional, and international assistance) 4. Recovery (reconstruction; local, regional, and global business resumption; post-disaster studies for pre-disaster preparedness) 4 - pillars of disaster resilience Disaster Management Community Development Coastal Management Resilience Domains of prac
  • 19. “Resilient development means providing communities with what they need to be better prepared, manage and recover from crisis. It requires addressing the underlying drivers of inequity and fragility that cause environmental, economic and social deprivation and stresses. - UNICEF Office of the Executive Director, 2016 Risk and Resilient Development
  • 20. Risk and global initiative • SDG refers to global health threats, disasters, violent conflict, climate change, and other humanitarian crises threatening to reverse the development progress made in recent decades; and the Paris Climate Agreement • SFDRR speaks to reducing risks in the context of disasters caused by nature, man-made, environmental, technological and biological hazards. • The Paris Climate Agreement has includes Comprehensive Risk Assessments and Risk Management • WHS demand that we address risk and its impact. 17 Sustainable Development Goals Speaks about establishing the role of DRR as a core development strategy10 Goals 25 targets
  • 21. Conducting research, data, and assessment Implementation of curriculum has 5 Dimensions Frequently, Less Frequently and Rarely Addressed Dimensions of DRR Education DRR education comprises five essential dimensions. It addresses...... They are essential in that, collectively, they allow for a full and systematic treatment of DRR in the curriculum, while encouraging DRR learning in both the education and the community.
  • 22. Methodology Class room lecture, Assignment Term Paper (Presentation, Analysis and Discussions), Case Study Analysis and Discussion, use of new technology to understand the concepts and Quizzes. Time Distribution and Study Load o Lectures: 45 hours o Self study: 135 hours o Assignments, presentations and group activities: 18 hours Evaluation Scheme of learning capacity, it is to assess o Mid-semester examination: 30% o Final examination: 30% o Assignment: 10% o Quizzes: 10 % o Term paper: 20% o Both Mid- semester and Final examinations will be closed book.
  • 23. First 2 semester  Seminar  Journal club  Exposure visit Last 2 semester  Hands on training  Hands on experience in emergency situation  Block placement  Internship Core research area  Emergency Response and Preparedness  Vulnerability and Risk Assessment  Coping and Adaptation  Disaster Risk Reduction and Management  Institutional and Community Capacity Building  Mitigation of Flood, Drought, Cyclone, Earthquake Disasters  Tsunami and Coastal Engineering  Remote Sensing and GIS Technology for Disaster Mitigation  Human Conflicts and Humanitarian Emergency Management  Governance and Participatory DRM  Social Capital and DRM
  • 24. Social Resilience Social capital Health Education Justice/protectio n Economic Resilience Economy Businesses Financial mgt. Insurance Resilience of the Natural Environment Resource management Land-use planning Climate change adaptation Built-in Environmental resilience Infrastructure Buildings/housing Urban growth Engieneering Governance of Risk and Resilience Leadership Policy Strategy Safety/security Cultural Capital Cultural values Traditional knowledge Identity Culture/heritage Conducting research, data, and assessment Strengthening national resilience
  • 25. 1. http://www.ifrc.org/en/what-we-do/disaster-management/about-disasters/what-is-a-disaster/ 2. http://www.unisdr.org/who-we-are/what-is-drr 3. https://www.flickr.com/photos/isdr/16111599814/ 4. http://cbse.nic.in/natural%20hazards%20&%20disaster%20management.pdf 5. UNISDR (2015), The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-30 (pp-23) available at http://www.preventionweb.net/files/43291_sendaiframeworkfordrren.pdf 6. Gadanayak, BB and Routray, JK (2010), A path to Disaster resilient Communities, Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany 7. http://www.sdc-drr.net/what 8. http://www.sdc-drr.net/disasters_rise 9.Sendai Frame Work for DRR 2015-2030 10.Political declaration WCDRR 11. IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, Working Group I, Summary for Policymakers: http://195.70.10.65/pdf/assessment- report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-spm.pdf. 12. IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, Working Group II Report: http://195.70.10.65/ipccreports/ar4-wg2.htm. 13. http://www.vox.com/2015/4/7/8352381/anthropocene-NASA-images 14. Climate Change, Connections, UNFPA 15. Social Protection and Climate Resilience, Report from an international workshop A ddis Ababa March 14–17, 2011, WB 16. Disaster Risk Reduction private Sector partnership, UNISDR 13. https://www.google.de/search?q=Images+Africa+disaster&tbm=isch&source=iu&pf=m&ictx=1&fir=bUfJFUQBmex4vM%253A%252C ChNnKfC8N1mr3M%252C_&usg=__Fb0VIDtAQL9C5oD9iUERGtnwwvM%3D&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjsypXB2ojXAhUhDsAKHe3hD HAQ9QEILTAA#imgrc=T6NPsobHl6EQdM:

Editor's Notes

  1. The term disaster owes its origin to the French word “Desastre” which is a combination of two words ‘des’ meaning bad and ‘aster’ meaning star. Thus the term refers to ‘Bad or Evil star’. IFRC: A disaster is a sudden, calamitous event that seriously disrupts the functioning of a community or society and causes human, material, and economic or environmental losses that exceed the community’s or society’s ability to cope using its own resources. Though often caused by nature, disasters can have human origins.
  2. The UNICEF Office of the Executive Director and the Division of Research and Policy released a Technical Note on Resilient Development that maintains that UNICEF must understand risk better and adapt its own programmes accordingly. “To effectively address and respond to climate change and bring humanitarian and development programming together, UNICEF must understand risk better and build risk-knowledge into our work.” OED Technical paper of Resilient Development Understanding and addressing risk allows for policy and programme specialists to support communities to become more resilient, allowing them to prepare for, mitigate against and prevent the consequences of shocks and stresses.