1. Community-based adaptation (CBA) aims to reduce climate change impacts on vulnerable communities in both the short and long term. It is targeted and focused, addressing both tangible infrastructure ("hardware") and intangible capacity building ("software").
2. CBA is community-led and complements top-down planning. It values participation, empowerment, and accountability based on human rights principles. Common CBA practices include climate-resilient livelihoods, disaster risk reduction, and advocacy to address underlying vulnerabilities.
3. While CBA frequently involves natural resource management, it rarely takes a holistic ecosystem approach. Developing complementary "ecosystem principles" for CBA could help ensure adaptation
Sustainable development meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. It is a framework for understanding development that considers economic, social, and environmental factors. Current production and consumption patterns are unsustainable and will require two planets by 2050 if unchanged. Sustainable development policies aim to balance short-term gains with long-term impacts across sectors through a mix of market reforms, regulations, and community initiatives. No single policy can achieve sustainability alone; a critical mass of coordinated global and local actions is needed.
Community based disaster risk reduction (CBDRR) aims to 1) reduce vulnerabilities and increase capacities of vulnerable groups to cope with disasters, 2) minimize human suffering, and 3) hasten recovery. CBDRR covers interventions designed by at-risk local communities based on their needs and capacities. Through CBDRR, communities can become more disaster resilient by withstanding and recovering from natural and socio-economic shocks. Key indicators of resilience include safety, livelihood security, and sustainable development.
Presentation on Community based Early Warning System & CBDRM IAWG Africa
This document discusses Community-Managed Disaster Risk Management (CMDRM), which involves communities actively engaging in identifying, analyzing, responding to, monitoring, and evaluating disaster risks in order to reduce vulnerabilities and increase capacities. CMDRM is implemented through interactive community participation, needs assessments, community action plans, and formation of community groups. The process facilitates contingency planning and early warning systems. Evaluations found that community action plans were effectively implemented and communities reported improvements in pasture availability, water and veterinary services, education, and use of early warning information.
This document outlines the process of community-based disaster risk management (CBDRM). CBDRM aims to actively engage at-risk communities in identifying, analyzing, treating, monitoring, and evaluating disaster risks to reduce vulnerabilities and enhance capacities. The key steps in the CBDRM process include selecting communities, building rapport, participatory risk assessment and planning, establishing community disaster management organizations, community-led implementation, and participatory monitoring and evaluation. The overall goals are to reduce disaster risks and strengthen communities' ability to cope with hazards.
Communities are the first responders in case of any disaster. Therefore, a community-based disaster risk management approach should be the core of any risk reduction approach. Community based disaster risk management approach (CBDRM) is a process, which leads to a locally appropriate and locally ‘owned’ strategy for disaster preparedness & risk reduction. Community-Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) is the result of this realization and aims to create opportunities and build partnerships with the communities to establish disaster-resilient societies.
This document discusses building community resilience through partnerships. It outlines FEMA's Whole Community concept which aims to engage citizens in emergency planning and preparedness to increase resilience. The concept recognizes that communities have unique needs, capabilities and social networks. By understanding these factors and collaborating with existing community groups and organizations, emergency managers can better support communities to prepare for disasters and recover more quickly. However, barriers like limited funding make it challenging to implement meaningful community engagement as envisioned by the Whole Community approach.
The document discusses the traditional top-down approach to disaster response versus a community-based disaster risk management (CBDRM) approach. The traditional approach treats communities as helpless victims, focuses on physical aid over organizational strengthening, and has outsiders dictate needs. The CBDRM approach emphasizes community participation, builds local capacities, involves communities in assessment and decision-making, and aims to reduce long-term vulnerabilities through preparedness.
This document discusses community empowerment and sustainability in disaster management. It argues that empowering local communities by training them in disaster risk reduction tools allows communities to better deal with future risks. The most effective approach involves partnership, participation, empowerment and ownership by community members. Unless disaster management efforts are sustainable at the individual and community levels and involve communities in planning and implementation, it will be difficult to reduce losses from disasters. The document reviews literature on community empowerment programs and argues that while successful initially, many lack sustainability over time due to insufficient community participation and capacity building. True sustainability requires resilient communities that can organize responses and recover efficiently from disasters.
Sustainable development meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. It is a framework for understanding development that considers economic, social, and environmental factors. Current production and consumption patterns are unsustainable and will require two planets by 2050 if unchanged. Sustainable development policies aim to balance short-term gains with long-term impacts across sectors through a mix of market reforms, regulations, and community initiatives. No single policy can achieve sustainability alone; a critical mass of coordinated global and local actions is needed.
Community based disaster risk reduction (CBDRR) aims to 1) reduce vulnerabilities and increase capacities of vulnerable groups to cope with disasters, 2) minimize human suffering, and 3) hasten recovery. CBDRR covers interventions designed by at-risk local communities based on their needs and capacities. Through CBDRR, communities can become more disaster resilient by withstanding and recovering from natural and socio-economic shocks. Key indicators of resilience include safety, livelihood security, and sustainable development.
Presentation on Community based Early Warning System & CBDRM IAWG Africa
This document discusses Community-Managed Disaster Risk Management (CMDRM), which involves communities actively engaging in identifying, analyzing, responding to, monitoring, and evaluating disaster risks in order to reduce vulnerabilities and increase capacities. CMDRM is implemented through interactive community participation, needs assessments, community action plans, and formation of community groups. The process facilitates contingency planning and early warning systems. Evaluations found that community action plans were effectively implemented and communities reported improvements in pasture availability, water and veterinary services, education, and use of early warning information.
This document outlines the process of community-based disaster risk management (CBDRM). CBDRM aims to actively engage at-risk communities in identifying, analyzing, treating, monitoring, and evaluating disaster risks to reduce vulnerabilities and enhance capacities. The key steps in the CBDRM process include selecting communities, building rapport, participatory risk assessment and planning, establishing community disaster management organizations, community-led implementation, and participatory monitoring and evaluation. The overall goals are to reduce disaster risks and strengthen communities' ability to cope with hazards.
Communities are the first responders in case of any disaster. Therefore, a community-based disaster risk management approach should be the core of any risk reduction approach. Community based disaster risk management approach (CBDRM) is a process, which leads to a locally appropriate and locally ‘owned’ strategy for disaster preparedness & risk reduction. Community-Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) is the result of this realization and aims to create opportunities and build partnerships with the communities to establish disaster-resilient societies.
This document discusses building community resilience through partnerships. It outlines FEMA's Whole Community concept which aims to engage citizens in emergency planning and preparedness to increase resilience. The concept recognizes that communities have unique needs, capabilities and social networks. By understanding these factors and collaborating with existing community groups and organizations, emergency managers can better support communities to prepare for disasters and recover more quickly. However, barriers like limited funding make it challenging to implement meaningful community engagement as envisioned by the Whole Community approach.
The document discusses the traditional top-down approach to disaster response versus a community-based disaster risk management (CBDRM) approach. The traditional approach treats communities as helpless victims, focuses on physical aid over organizational strengthening, and has outsiders dictate needs. The CBDRM approach emphasizes community participation, builds local capacities, involves communities in assessment and decision-making, and aims to reduce long-term vulnerabilities through preparedness.
This document discusses community empowerment and sustainability in disaster management. It argues that empowering local communities by training them in disaster risk reduction tools allows communities to better deal with future risks. The most effective approach involves partnership, participation, empowerment and ownership by community members. Unless disaster management efforts are sustainable at the individual and community levels and involve communities in planning and implementation, it will be difficult to reduce losses from disasters. The document reviews literature on community empowerment programs and argues that while successful initially, many lack sustainability over time due to insufficient community participation and capacity building. True sustainability requires resilient communities that can organize responses and recover efficiently from disasters.
Community Based Disaster Risk Assessment...... MINTU DEBNATH
The document discusses community risk assessment and its key components. Community risk assessment provides a systematic process to identify, estimate, and rank local disaster risks. It involves four interrelated components: hazard assessment, vulnerability assessment, capacity assessment, and understanding people's perceptions of risk. Hazard assessment determines the likelihood of natural or human-made hazards. Vulnerability assessment identifies at-risk elements and why they are at risk. Capacity assessment identifies available resources for preparedness, mitigation and response.
The document discusses community-based disaster management (CBDM) and the importance of community involvement in disaster risk reduction and management. It outlines the key principles of CBDM, including communities playing a central role in both short and long-term disaster management, and disaster risk reduction being the foundation. The document also discusses the roles of local community groups, social workers, and capacity building and training in effective CBDM.
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) aims to protect communities from hazards through prevention, preparedness, response, and rehabilitation efforts. DRR includes reducing the frequency and impact of hazards, strengthening community capacity to withstand and recover from disasters, and minimizing hazards during disasters. DRR is often integrated into development programs related to areas like livelihoods, food security, and capacity building. It requires understanding community risks and implementing measures to reduce vulnerability and support sustainable livelihoods, especially in countries prone to recurrent disasters.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
call for paper 2012, hard copy of journal, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
This document discusses principles of effective communication for disaster risk reduction. It begins by explaining that communication with communities is important so they understand hazards and risks, and can take protective measures. However, past approaches often failed to understand community perspectives and priorities. Effective communication now involves dialogue with communities to understand their experiences and ensure solutions are appropriate. While expertise from professionals is still valuable, a participatory approach that incorporates community knowledge is most effective. The goal of public education programs should be to create a "culture of safety" where risk reduction is a normal part of life, though achieving this takes a long-term process.
What is Community Participation
Community participation, generally, refers to the involvement of people in any project to solve their own problems or to develop their socio-economic conditions. They participate in setting goals, and preparing, implementing and evaluating plans and programs.
Basically, it is a dynamic group process in which all members of a group contribute, share or are influenced by the interchange of ideas and activities toward problem-solving or decision-making .
Redefining Community Based Disaster Risk Management through Enhanced Early Wa...Mavic Pineda
This presentation was first delivered in ICKET 2014 held in Jeju, South Korea in July 2014. In the same month, the said presentation was echoed in Ateneo de Manila University.
1. The document discusses the key components of disaster preparedness, which includes forecasting disasters, taking precautionary measures in response to warnings, and improving response capacity.
2. It outlines nine main components of disaster preparedness: vulnerability assessment, planning, institutional framework, information systems, resource base, warning systems, response mechanisms, education and training, and rehearsals.
3. Effective disaster preparedness requires having disaster preparedness plans in place that are realistic, clearly define roles and responsibilities, and reflect the needs of communities, especially vulnerable groups.
Disaster Risk Reduction Versus Disaster Management July 10, 2011RustyBinas
1) Disaster risk reduction aims to build resilience and self-reliance in communities by reducing risks, while disaster management focuses on emergency response and saving lives in the event of a hazard.
2) Disaster risk reduction emphasizes addressing the root causes of risk through activities like ensuring human rights and reducing vulnerabilities. Disaster management concentrates on contingency planning and mobilizing resources for relief efforts.
3) According to the document, disaster risk reduction is more strategic and sustainable because it makes communities resilient in the long-run by building their capacities to cope with hazards internally.
More effective mitigation strategies could save tens of billions of dollars and tens of thousands of lives. Community Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) is a participatory process where local communities assess hazards, vulnerabilities and risks in order to prepare risk reduction and coping strategies. The process involves stakeholders analyzing hazard data and developing consensus on risk reduction actions.
module1.disaster risk reduction and management plans and strategiesaldrin barnizo
The document discusses disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) plans and strategies. It begins by defining DRRM and emphasizing the importance of DRRM in Asia and the Pacific region. It then provides reasons why DRRM should be a priority in the Philippines due to its geographical location, status as a developing country, and the need to build more resilient communities. The document outlines key principles of DRRM plans, elements of DRRM plans including assessment, design, and implementation, and emphasizes community-based approaches. It provides details on components of community preparedness plans such as community profiles, risk assessments, early warning systems, and emergency response protocols.
An Introduction to Resilience for Humanitarian WorkersShashanka Saadi
This presentation is a simple compilation of Resilience definitions, approach to understand resilience and indicators use to identify resilience. This will be helpful for humanitarian workers to get a overview of the resilience concept quickly. A list of reference given in the last slide for further reading.
This document discusses the rationale for partnerships in disaster risk reduction efforts. It notes that addressing disasters requires a multi-disciplinary approach and partnerships between a wide range of stakeholders, including different levels of government, the private sector, NGOs, academics, and vulnerable communities. Some of the challenges to effective partnerships are fragmentation between groups, lack of understanding and respect between disciplines, and competitiveness over limited resources. Effective partnerships require overcoming these barriers through greater collaboration, coordination, and an integrated approach between disaster specialists and development workers. Governance challenges also exist, as different levels and departments within governments may have conflicting mandates and weak coordination.
Community Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) Nazir Ahmed
This document discusses community-based disaster risk management through local community groups. It defines key concepts, outlines the purpose and categories of community groups, and describes the typical group cycle. It emphasizes the importance of community initiatives in disaster risk reduction and management. Successful community-based disaster management involves central roles for the community in assessing risks and developing locally appropriate solutions. Local community groups, social workers, and capacity building can strengthen community preparedness and response to disasters.
Multi Disasters and Urban Resilience in Covid 19Neha Bansal
This document discusses urban resilience in the context of multiple disasters and the COVID-19 pandemic. It notes that cities are vulnerable due to factors like rapid growth, inadequate planning, and fragile infrastructure. The rise of multi-hazards and how disaster risk is compounded in urban areas is examined. The impacts of a pandemic like COVID-19 on already strained urban systems is explored, including how it can affect disaster preparedness and recovery from other events. Finally, the document discusses approaches for increasing urban resilience post-COVID, including through multi-sectoral partnerships and developing long-term adaptive capacities.
Local participation in REDD+ programs can provide benefits but also faces challenges. A study in Indonesia investigated the conditions needed for successful local measurement, reporting, and verification (PMRV) of carbon emissions. Four key conditions were identified: activities must be relevant to local people, build on existing technical capacity, utilize reporting structures informed by other systems, and incorporate local knowledge into verification. However, PMRV also requires broader international support and institutional capacity beyond what can be addressed at the local level alone.
Community based disaster risk managementProfessor5G
Community Based Disaster Risk Management .
Communities are the first responders in case of any disaster. Therefore, community based disaster risk management approach should be the core of any risk reduction approach. Community based disaster risk management approach (CBDRM) is a process, which leads to a locally appropriate and locally ‘owned’ strategy for disaster preparedness & risk reduction. Community Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) is the result of this realization and aims to create opportunities and build partnerships with the communities to establish disaster resilient societies .Yodmani (2001) defined community based disaster risk management as an approach that reduces vulnerabilities & strengthens people’s capacity to cope with hazards.
Disaster Risk Resilience, curriculum that is fit for purpose in the sector, C...Bibhuti Bhusan Gadanayak
A Disaster, Risk & Resilience
curriculum that is fit for purpose in the sector at Coventry University, UK
(RIP is a process which takes risk prospective as an integral component of thinking, planning, implementing and monitoring development programmes through risk analysis and consequent programme adjustment
Developing a Future Desired State for Community Victory: South African Perspe...Anthony Rippon
1. The document discusses applying strategic management principles to community development in South Africa in order to help community leaders efficiently manage resources. It introduces a strategic management model intended as a tool for best practices.
2. Research was conducted between 2005-2011 in various South African municipalities to understand challenges in resource allocation. An Integrated Development Plan forum was established in one area to improve stakeholder participation and resource efficiency.
3. The strategic management approach aims to provide community leaders with tools to efficiently manage resources, reinforce values, and develop contingency plans to align with changing community needs through cooperation between various sectors.
Local Community Empowerment and Multi-stakeholder Participation in DRRMESD UNU-IAS
Local Community Empowerment and Multi-stakeholder Participation in DRRM
Presented by Mr. Ramon Mapa (People’s Initiative for Learning and Community Development (PILCD))
2019 ProSPER.Net Leadership Programme
24-30 November, 2019
The red panda lives in central China, Nepal, Myanmar, and Bhutan. It eats bamboo, fruits, nuts, eggs, flowers, and seeds. Physically, it is 8 to 12 pounds with reddish brown fur and distinct white marks on its face and tail. It breeds in winter and gives birth in nests or caves after a 16 to 18 month gestation period. There are only around 2,400 red pandas remaining.
El documento proporciona información sobre el IPEP SEVILLA, una escuela que ofrece enseñanza diurna y nocturna con aulas de TIC y aparcamientos. También incluye la localización, página web y un video sobre el IPEP SEVILLA.
Community Based Disaster Risk Assessment...... MINTU DEBNATH
The document discusses community risk assessment and its key components. Community risk assessment provides a systematic process to identify, estimate, and rank local disaster risks. It involves four interrelated components: hazard assessment, vulnerability assessment, capacity assessment, and understanding people's perceptions of risk. Hazard assessment determines the likelihood of natural or human-made hazards. Vulnerability assessment identifies at-risk elements and why they are at risk. Capacity assessment identifies available resources for preparedness, mitigation and response.
The document discusses community-based disaster management (CBDM) and the importance of community involvement in disaster risk reduction and management. It outlines the key principles of CBDM, including communities playing a central role in both short and long-term disaster management, and disaster risk reduction being the foundation. The document also discusses the roles of local community groups, social workers, and capacity building and training in effective CBDM.
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) aims to protect communities from hazards through prevention, preparedness, response, and rehabilitation efforts. DRR includes reducing the frequency and impact of hazards, strengthening community capacity to withstand and recover from disasters, and minimizing hazards during disasters. DRR is often integrated into development programs related to areas like livelihoods, food security, and capacity building. It requires understanding community risks and implementing measures to reduce vulnerability and support sustainable livelihoods, especially in countries prone to recurrent disasters.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
call for paper 2012, hard copy of journal, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
This document discusses principles of effective communication for disaster risk reduction. It begins by explaining that communication with communities is important so they understand hazards and risks, and can take protective measures. However, past approaches often failed to understand community perspectives and priorities. Effective communication now involves dialogue with communities to understand their experiences and ensure solutions are appropriate. While expertise from professionals is still valuable, a participatory approach that incorporates community knowledge is most effective. The goal of public education programs should be to create a "culture of safety" where risk reduction is a normal part of life, though achieving this takes a long-term process.
What is Community Participation
Community participation, generally, refers to the involvement of people in any project to solve their own problems or to develop their socio-economic conditions. They participate in setting goals, and preparing, implementing and evaluating plans and programs.
Basically, it is a dynamic group process in which all members of a group contribute, share or are influenced by the interchange of ideas and activities toward problem-solving or decision-making .
Redefining Community Based Disaster Risk Management through Enhanced Early Wa...Mavic Pineda
This presentation was first delivered in ICKET 2014 held in Jeju, South Korea in July 2014. In the same month, the said presentation was echoed in Ateneo de Manila University.
1. The document discusses the key components of disaster preparedness, which includes forecasting disasters, taking precautionary measures in response to warnings, and improving response capacity.
2. It outlines nine main components of disaster preparedness: vulnerability assessment, planning, institutional framework, information systems, resource base, warning systems, response mechanisms, education and training, and rehearsals.
3. Effective disaster preparedness requires having disaster preparedness plans in place that are realistic, clearly define roles and responsibilities, and reflect the needs of communities, especially vulnerable groups.
Disaster Risk Reduction Versus Disaster Management July 10, 2011RustyBinas
1) Disaster risk reduction aims to build resilience and self-reliance in communities by reducing risks, while disaster management focuses on emergency response and saving lives in the event of a hazard.
2) Disaster risk reduction emphasizes addressing the root causes of risk through activities like ensuring human rights and reducing vulnerabilities. Disaster management concentrates on contingency planning and mobilizing resources for relief efforts.
3) According to the document, disaster risk reduction is more strategic and sustainable because it makes communities resilient in the long-run by building their capacities to cope with hazards internally.
More effective mitigation strategies could save tens of billions of dollars and tens of thousands of lives. Community Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) is a participatory process where local communities assess hazards, vulnerabilities and risks in order to prepare risk reduction and coping strategies. The process involves stakeholders analyzing hazard data and developing consensus on risk reduction actions.
module1.disaster risk reduction and management plans and strategiesaldrin barnizo
The document discusses disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) plans and strategies. It begins by defining DRRM and emphasizing the importance of DRRM in Asia and the Pacific region. It then provides reasons why DRRM should be a priority in the Philippines due to its geographical location, status as a developing country, and the need to build more resilient communities. The document outlines key principles of DRRM plans, elements of DRRM plans including assessment, design, and implementation, and emphasizes community-based approaches. It provides details on components of community preparedness plans such as community profiles, risk assessments, early warning systems, and emergency response protocols.
An Introduction to Resilience for Humanitarian WorkersShashanka Saadi
This presentation is a simple compilation of Resilience definitions, approach to understand resilience and indicators use to identify resilience. This will be helpful for humanitarian workers to get a overview of the resilience concept quickly. A list of reference given in the last slide for further reading.
This document discusses the rationale for partnerships in disaster risk reduction efforts. It notes that addressing disasters requires a multi-disciplinary approach and partnerships between a wide range of stakeholders, including different levels of government, the private sector, NGOs, academics, and vulnerable communities. Some of the challenges to effective partnerships are fragmentation between groups, lack of understanding and respect between disciplines, and competitiveness over limited resources. Effective partnerships require overcoming these barriers through greater collaboration, coordination, and an integrated approach between disaster specialists and development workers. Governance challenges also exist, as different levels and departments within governments may have conflicting mandates and weak coordination.
Community Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) Nazir Ahmed
This document discusses community-based disaster risk management through local community groups. It defines key concepts, outlines the purpose and categories of community groups, and describes the typical group cycle. It emphasizes the importance of community initiatives in disaster risk reduction and management. Successful community-based disaster management involves central roles for the community in assessing risks and developing locally appropriate solutions. Local community groups, social workers, and capacity building can strengthen community preparedness and response to disasters.
Multi Disasters and Urban Resilience in Covid 19Neha Bansal
This document discusses urban resilience in the context of multiple disasters and the COVID-19 pandemic. It notes that cities are vulnerable due to factors like rapid growth, inadequate planning, and fragile infrastructure. The rise of multi-hazards and how disaster risk is compounded in urban areas is examined. The impacts of a pandemic like COVID-19 on already strained urban systems is explored, including how it can affect disaster preparedness and recovery from other events. Finally, the document discusses approaches for increasing urban resilience post-COVID, including through multi-sectoral partnerships and developing long-term adaptive capacities.
Local participation in REDD+ programs can provide benefits but also faces challenges. A study in Indonesia investigated the conditions needed for successful local measurement, reporting, and verification (PMRV) of carbon emissions. Four key conditions were identified: activities must be relevant to local people, build on existing technical capacity, utilize reporting structures informed by other systems, and incorporate local knowledge into verification. However, PMRV also requires broader international support and institutional capacity beyond what can be addressed at the local level alone.
Community based disaster risk managementProfessor5G
Community Based Disaster Risk Management .
Communities are the first responders in case of any disaster. Therefore, community based disaster risk management approach should be the core of any risk reduction approach. Community based disaster risk management approach (CBDRM) is a process, which leads to a locally appropriate and locally ‘owned’ strategy for disaster preparedness & risk reduction. Community Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) is the result of this realization and aims to create opportunities and build partnerships with the communities to establish disaster resilient societies .Yodmani (2001) defined community based disaster risk management as an approach that reduces vulnerabilities & strengthens people’s capacity to cope with hazards.
Disaster Risk Resilience, curriculum that is fit for purpose in the sector, C...Bibhuti Bhusan Gadanayak
A Disaster, Risk & Resilience
curriculum that is fit for purpose in the sector at Coventry University, UK
(RIP is a process which takes risk prospective as an integral component of thinking, planning, implementing and monitoring development programmes through risk analysis and consequent programme adjustment
Developing a Future Desired State for Community Victory: South African Perspe...Anthony Rippon
1. The document discusses applying strategic management principles to community development in South Africa in order to help community leaders efficiently manage resources. It introduces a strategic management model intended as a tool for best practices.
2. Research was conducted between 2005-2011 in various South African municipalities to understand challenges in resource allocation. An Integrated Development Plan forum was established in one area to improve stakeholder participation and resource efficiency.
3. The strategic management approach aims to provide community leaders with tools to efficiently manage resources, reinforce values, and develop contingency plans to align with changing community needs through cooperation between various sectors.
Local Community Empowerment and Multi-stakeholder Participation in DRRMESD UNU-IAS
Local Community Empowerment and Multi-stakeholder Participation in DRRM
Presented by Mr. Ramon Mapa (People’s Initiative for Learning and Community Development (PILCD))
2019 ProSPER.Net Leadership Programme
24-30 November, 2019
The red panda lives in central China, Nepal, Myanmar, and Bhutan. It eats bamboo, fruits, nuts, eggs, flowers, and seeds. Physically, it is 8 to 12 pounds with reddish brown fur and distinct white marks on its face and tail. It breeds in winter and gives birth in nests or caves after a 16 to 18 month gestation period. There are only around 2,400 red pandas remaining.
El documento proporciona información sobre el IPEP SEVILLA, una escuela que ofrece enseñanza diurna y nocturna con aulas de TIC y aparcamientos. También incluye la localización, página web y un video sobre el IPEP SEVILLA.
Title: SRI International Network and Resource Center at Cornell University (SRI- Rice)
Presented by: Erika Styger
Presented at: Special Exhibit/Event on Rice Production at Agritechnica
Venue and Date: Hannover, Germany November 15, 2013
Buku ini membahas evaluasi kurikulum dengan meninjau aspek-aspek seperti tujuan, materi, sistem penyajian, dan mutu pendidikan. Bab-babnya mencakup pendekatan evaluasi, kebutuhan kurikulum, proses belajar mengajar, dan desain evaluasi.
Drought, floods, poverty, and population growth are major challenges facing Uganda that vulnerability adaptation must address. Collaboration between stakeholders is important to enhance learning, take advantage of different influences, and address challenges like building trust over time, institutional barriers, community needs, and financial limitations. Bringing researchers directly to communities provides long-term opportunities, increased accountability, and generates more adaptive ideas through combining multiple institution perspectives.
Be Seen is a service that places a business' information on over 100 websites to ensure an online presence. This widespread exposure promotes the business during online searches, making it more visible to potential customers. Be Seen aims to boost businesses' popularity and marketability by establishing an internet presence across multiple locations.
The document is a website for the University of Kentucky's Center for Community Outreach. It provides information about the Center's mission and programs to connect UK with the surrounding community through collaborative service efforts. Visitors can learn about the Center's directors, programs like DanceBlue and FUSION, ways to get involved, and can find contact information. The website aims to inform students and community members about volunteer and service opportunities through the Center.
5 Almudena GarcíA Y David GarcíA La Oreja De Van Goghalmudenaydavid
La Oreja de Van Gogh es un grupo musical originario de San Sebastián formado en 1996. Han publicado 7 álbumes de estudio entre 1998 y 2008, vendiendo más de 15 millones de copias a nivel mundial. Su vocalista original fue Amaia Montero hasta 2007, cuando inició su carrera en solitario y fue reemplazada por Leire Martínez. Entre sus mayores éxitos se encuentran canciones como "Dile al Sol", "Cuídate", "Puedes Contar Conmigo" y "El Último Vals".
The document provides background information on community-based adaptation (CBA) and summarizes the proceedings of the 5th International Conference on CBA held in Bangladesh in 2011.
Some key points:
- CBA began in 2005 with workshops in Bangladesh focused on incorporating climate change adaptation into existing poverty reduction and development efforts.
- Subsequent conferences were held every 1-2 years in different locations and grew in size, with the 5th conference in 2011 hosting over 300 participants.
- Conference sessions focused on defining concepts like vulnerability, adaptation and resilience; differentiating CBA from other approaches; and sharing experiences and best practices.
- Field visits exposed participants to local communities' climate adaptation measures and initiatives were discussed to
1. The document discusses a strategic plan for sustainable management of biosphere reserves through a Community-Based Management System (CBMS) model.
2. CBMS aims to protect human health and the environment through local, community-driven solutions and public participation. It can help integrate conservation, development, and support functions in biosphere reserves.
3. The plan focuses on developing and implementing sustainable management models for biosphere reserves through collaboration with local stakeholders, communities, and indigenous groups using a CBMS approach.
Strategic Community Development: Executive Education customised for Helenvale...Anthony Rippon
This document discusses a customized executive education program developed for community leaders in Helenvale, South Africa. The program aimed to teach community leaders strategic approaches to managing resources and achieving sustainable community development. It notes that many South African communities do not efficiently manage available resources, hindering development goals. The customized training program for the Mandela Bay Development Agency covered topics like project management, leadership, and stakeholder engagement to help community leaders address challenges and further develop their community in a strategic manner. It aimed to provide community leaders with tools to facilitate community development and form public-private partnerships.
Community based disaster risk reduction (CBDRR) aims to 1) reduce vulnerabilities and increase capacities of vulnerable groups to cope with disasters, 2) minimize human suffering, and 3) hasten recovery. CBDRR covers interventions designed by at-risk local communities based on their needs and capacities. Through CBDRR, communities can become more disaster resilient by withstanding and recovering from natural and socio-economic shocks and stresses. Key indicators of resilience include safety, livelihood security, and sustainable development.
Local Agenda 21 is a voluntary action plan developed by the UN to promote sustainable development globally and locally. It defines sustainable development as reforming economic systems to avoid damaging ecological and community systems. The document outlines elements of sustainable development planning including community-based issue analysis, action planning with goals and targets, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and feedback to continually improve plans based on progress. The overall approach aims to broaden municipal planning considerations and engage stakeholders through participatory processes to address sustainability challenges at the local level consistent with Agenda 21.
Running head LOCAL HAZARD JUSTIFICATION PLAN2LOCAL HAZARD JU.docxjeanettehully
This document discusses a local hazard justification plan and identifies some deficiencies and recommendations for improvement. The planning process involves public involvement, risk assessment, and developing mitigation strategies. Some deficiencies are a lack of significant mitigation actions, lack of implementation and integration into other plans, and lack of stakeholder participation. Recommendations include encouraging early and ongoing plan updates, increasing public awareness and engagement, and focusing mitigation activities on meaningful and attainable goals. The local mitigation plan is an important strategic method to reduce hazard risks outlined in the comprehensive emergency management plan.
Sustainable Development Goals and Inclusive DevelopmentRuben Zondervan
http://sdg.earthsystemgovernance.org/sdg/publications/sustainable-development-goals-and-inclusive-development
Key messages of Policy Brief #5:
1. Social goals tend to be marginalized in the implementation of sustainable development while economic growth is prioritized often also at the cost of ecological goals. Many of these development issues are essentially distributional issues. These distributional challenges will be exacerbated by the need to limit the environmental utilization space (ecospace) on Earth and the consequent challenge of how this space will be equitably and inclusively shared among countries and people. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the proposed Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and targets developed by the Open Working Group on Sustainable Development Goals (OWG) against criteria for inclusive development.
2. Inclusive development principles, tools, and evaluation criteria for the proposed SDGs fall into three clusters: inclusive development per sé; inclusive development in the context of the Anthropocene; and inclusive development from a relational perspective.
3. Regarding inclusive development per sé, the SDGs currently proposed do not provide guidance to establish targets that would build capacity for the most marginalized populations so that they can learn about and access SDG-related opportunities. In the context of the Anthropocene, the SDGs neither adequately address ecosystemic limits nor the allocation of responsibilities, rights, and risks among countries and peoples in relation to fixed and diminishing resources. From a relational perspective, the wording of the OWG document lacks balance; it focuses more on effects than root causes. For example, while the document focuses on enhancing the rights of women and girls and ending gender disparities, it does not have a corresponding discussion on the policy instruments needed for dealing with the relations between men and women with respect to these rights.
4. These governance issues can be addressed by developing context-relevant, appropriate targets and indicators, but this will require exceptional steering and leadership to ensure their successful implementation.
The workshop was organized by the United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability (UNU-IAS), the Earth System Governance Project and the POST2015 project (hosted by Tokyo Institute of Technology and sponsored by Ministry of Environment, Japan). It brought together international scholars and practitioners with expertise on global environmental governance to discuss some key questions relating to the governance of, and governance for, the post-2015 development agenda. The scope of the workshop was the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with particular focus on how integrated SDGs (of the development and environmental agenda) could be governed in the post-2015 era.
Community Engagement an Local Ownership in Crisis Management.pptOlusegun Mosugu
This document provides an overview of a presentation on community engagement and local ownership in crisis management given to the Nigerian Army College of Logistics. The presentation defines key terms, discusses the importance of community engagement in crisis management, outlines guiding principles and levels of engagement. It also covers components of community engagement including involvement in early warning systems, preparedness planning, education and communication strategies. The overall message is that effective crisis management requires empowering communities to participate in and take ownership of response and recovery efforts.
This document discusses community participation in disaster management. It defines participation as the active involvement of people in decisions that affect them. Participatory approaches are valuable as they allow communities to explain their priorities and vulnerabilities, build on local knowledge and expertise, strengthen communities, and accord with peoples' right to participate. There are two main approaches - guided participation where projects are initiated externally but involve communities, and people-centered participation which aims to empower communities and involve them in defining problems, solutions, implementation and evaluation. Operational issues with participation include the difficulty of managing the process while not undermining its purpose.
A Research Paper on Community Led-Total Sanitation Approach in Peri-urban and...Stephen Olubulyera
A Research Paper on Community-Led-Total Sanitation in Urban and Peri-Urban Environments: A Case Study of Kakuma, Kainuk, Lodwar, Lokichar, Lokichoggio Towns/Cities--Turkana County.
Here is a draft community profile chart with sample data for 3 barangays in the municipality of San Pablo, Laguna that may be exposed to hazards such as earthquakes, typhoons, and flooding:
Community
(Barangay)
Hazard(s)
(earthquake, typhoon, flooding)
Frequency of
hazard
Vulnerability
(high, medium, low)
Exposure
(high, medium, low)
Barangay 1, San Pablo
Earthquake, typhoon, flooding
Earthquakes - rare
Typhoons - annually
Flooding - during rainy season
Medium
Medium
Barangay 2, San Pablo
Typhoon, flooding
The document discusses the concept of a sustainable community. It states that a sustainable community is not a fixed concept and must continually adjust to meet the social, economic, and environmental needs of its residents over time. A sustainable community seeks to improve quality of life while preserving the environment for future generations through minimizing waste, preventing pollution, and promoting efficiency. Decision-making in a sustainable community involves participation from community members and sees the community as an interdependent system.
Cities around the world are facing challenges brought about by rapid increases in population and geographic spread, which places greater pressure on infrastructure and services. Climate change impacts, including rising sea level, more frequent and severe storms, coastal erosion and declining freshwater sources will likely exacerbate these urban issues, in particular in poor and vulnerable communities that lack adequate infrastructure and services.
Globally, the impacts of climate change on urban areas have received less attention than on rural areas where poverty levels are higher and populations depend directly on climate-sensitive livelihoods. However, more than 50% of the world’s population currently lives in cities. By 2050, this figure is expected to increase to 70%, or 6.4 billion people, and Asian cities are likely to account for more than 60% of this increase. Urban areas are the economic powerhouses that support both the aspirations of the poor and most national economies. Furthermore, urban residents and the economic activity they generate depend on systems that are fragile and often subject to failure under the combination of climate and development pressures. If urban systems fail, the potential direct and indirect impacts of climate change on urban residents in general, on poor and vulnerable populations, and on the wider economy is massive. As a result, work on urban climate resilience is of critical importance in overall global initiatives to address the impacts of climate change.
The Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network (ACCCRN) works at the intersection of climate change, urban systems and social vulnerability to consider both direct and indirect impacts of climate change in urban areas.
Climate change adaptation is important to address the complex challenges it poses for development in Africa. Agricultural production and food security on the continent will likely be severely compromised by climate change, with crop yields projected to fall substantially. ACCRA seeks to understand how existing social protection, livelihood and disaster risk reduction projects build adaptive capacity, and influence actors to improve climate adaptation. The research is being conducted in Ethiopia, Uganda and Mozambique to provide evidence to support vulnerable communities and inform humanitarian and development work.
The document outlines the Climate Smart Disaster Risk Management (CSDRM) approach. It discusses (1) the need for the approach due to increasing extreme weather events from climate change, (2) the three pillars of tackling changing disaster risks, enhancing adaptive capacity, and addressing vulnerability, and (3) applications of the approach including guiding policy and integrating considerations across sectors.
This document summarizes a research paper about the complex relationship between local actors, livelihoods, and conservation efforts around the Kivu Lake watershed in Africa. It discusses how the watershed faces many management challenges due to having multiple stakeholders with different interests. It analyzes the socioeconomic and political factors influencing resource use and access, using the HELPAGE program and HIMO (labor-intensive public works) approach as case studies. The HIMO approach aims to reduce poverty through local employment while promoting conservation. However, tensions remain between livelihood needs and conservation goals. The document concludes that balancing these interests requires addressing weaknesses in institutional arrangements and coordination between different actors.
Task Force Project—Applying TheoryIn Module 1, you began.docxbriankimberly26463
This summarizes a scholarly article about different approaches to community-based health interventions. It identifies four categories: community as setting, community as target, community as resource, and community as agent. It explains each category and provides examples. It emphasizes the importance of considering a community's social ecology and using theories of change to target multiple levels of influence, not just individual behaviors. Community capacity and civil society are also discussed as important contexts for community health promotion efforts.
Ways Forward in Efforts to Ameliorate Climate Change EffectsSIANI
This study was presented during the conference “Production and Carbon Dynamics in Sustainable Agricultural and Forest Systems in Africa” held in September, 2010.
This document discusses disaster risk governance and policy from a university course on disaster risk management and sustainable development. It covers key concepts of governance, including the three components of economic, political and administrative governance. Good governance principles that are important for effective disaster risk management are also outlined, including participation, rule of law, transparency and accountability. The document emphasizes that mainstreaming disaster risk reduction into governance systems is important to help integrate risk reduction into all relevant development sectors.
This document discusses community systems strengthening (CSS), which promotes the development and sustainability of communities and community organizations to contribute to long-term health outcomes. CSS aims to improve access to and utilization of health services through increased community engagement in areas like advocacy, health promotion, and home-based care. For communities to effectively impact health, they must have strong, sustainable systems for activities, services, and funding. The core components of CSS systems include enabling environments, community networks, resources and capacity building, community activities, organizational strengthening, and monitoring and evaluation.
Osama Kittenah at CBA5 discussed the climate change adaptation policy innovations to address health risks associated with water scarcity and climate change that are being led by the Ministry of Health in Jordan. Project supported by WHO-UNDP-GEF.
Joy Guillemot, WHO led CBA5 Session 20 on ways to "Scale-up Community Based Adaptation to Protect Public Health". Examples of Climate Adaptation projects in Vietnam, Samoa, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Jordan highlighted approaches and opportunities to scaling up for health protection from Climate Change.
Rada Dukpa presented at CBA5 how the Royal Ministry of Health of Bhutan is preparing health services to respond to health risks associated with climate change due to glacial lake outburst floods, and changes in vector borne and waterborne diseases in the Himalayas. Project supported by WHO-UNDP-GEF.
Thuan Nguyen of IFRC Vietnam presented at CBA5 on Health Risk Management in a Changing Climate: An operational research project on community-based dengue fever prevention in Vietnam
Issues and approaches for Climate Change Adaptation to protect Human Health in Bangladesh. Presented at CBA5 by Dr. Iqbal Kabir Climate Change & Health Protection Unit, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare - Bangladesh
Climate change poses serious threats to children, especially in developing countries. Nearly nine million children die each year from preventable diseases that will be exacerbated by climate change. Children in developing nations will bear 85% of the global disease burden from climate change. Involving children in climate change adaptation and reducing disaster risks must be a priority. Children can play an active role in mitigating impacts at the community level if given the chance. Governments should invest in children's education and empowerment to support climate change adaptation programs led by children.
The Afar people are pastoralists living in the Afar region of Ethiopia. They have observed changes in the climate that are making their livelihoods more difficult, including higher temperatures and less predictable rains. In addition to climate changes, the Afar people face multiple stressors on their pastoral way of life from factors like lack of resources and conflict. Studies are exploring how the Afar people are responding and adapting to these challenges, and how support can be provided at larger scales to help the vulnerable population.
The document describes a community-led program in Himachal Pradesh, India to increase awareness of climate change and reduce carbon footprints through assessment, advocacy, and action. The program will use participatory exercises and data collection at the village level, analyze the data using IPCC guidelines customized to the local context, and communicate findings through simple report cards to incentivize environmental protection efforts and inform priority actions. The 4A approach of assessment, analysis, information and action will engage communities and stakeholders at all levels to develop village action plans. Factors that could aid scaling up the program include integrating it with local development processes, building networks, and sharing knowledge with policymakers.
This document discusses CARE's Community-Based Adaptation (CBA) Toolkit and standards. It outlines CARE's project cycle and standards for both the process and outputs of each stage. It notes some challenges in applying the toolkit as a global organization, including balancing quality vs compliance and ensuring donor understanding. It suggests working towards a second version of the toolkit, expanding the project portfolio, developing e-learning tools, and increasing capacity building within CARE to address these challenges.
This document summarizes a vulnerability assessment process used in East Africa and Central America to identify climate change adaptation options. The process involves community consultations using tools like CVCA and CRiSTAL to gather information on climate hazards, livelihoods, and adaptation strategies. The data is analyzed using CRiSTAL to identify a series of adaptation activities to improve communities' resilience. Key lessons included choosing the right tools, allowing time for analysis and feedback, and involving local stakeholders in data collection and prioritization of adaptation options. Challenges included distinguishing climate impacts from other trends and ensuring facilitators are well-trained to apply the tools successfully.
The Adaptation Learning Programme in Africa (ALP) aims to help vulnerable communities in Sub-Saharan Africa adapt to climate change impacts through community-based adaptation approaches. The program is implemented in four countries over five years using CARE's community-based adaptation toolkit and methods. It seeks to empower vulnerable groups like women, strengthen community resilience, and influence climate adaptation policies by linking local evidence from projects to national and international strategies.
This document summarizes a parallel session at a climate change adaptation conference discussing tools and toolkits to support adaptation efforts. The session will include 5 presentations on different adaptation tools and toolkits, followed by a 30 minute discussion focused on 3 questions: 1) What constraints limit widespread use of existing adaptation tools and how can they be overcome? 2) How can experiences using different tools be better captured to improve tools over time? 3) How can quality and scale be balanced when developing and applying adaptation tools?
The project aims to restore degraded lands in Mali through sustainable palm grove management. Local communities were empowered to organize themselves and regenerate doum palm trees, which provide economic and ecological benefits. Through consultation and demonstration projects, sustainable land use techniques were promoted. A local management agreement for the palm groves was adopted based on social and cultural norms. The restoration efforts helped increase resilience, fix sand dunes, and support livelihoods, while strengthening social cohesion in the community.
This document summarizes a disaster risk reduction and community-based adaptation project in El Salvador. It discusses the context of El Salvador including a history of political repression and violence. It then describes the methodology of the project which included (1) forming a consortium and unifying methodologies, (2) community organizing and capacity building and linking networks, and (3) advocacy and relationship building with local authorities. The conclusion is that combining community organizing, vulnerability analysis, and network building can help build adaptive capacity and more resilient communities through trust and collaboration between communities and authorities.
This document discusses ecosystem-based climate change adaptation efforts across the Lauru Islands in Choiseul Province, Solomon Islands. It outlines issues facing the region like logging, mining, and climate impacts. It then describes the work of the Lauru Land Conference of Tribal Community NGO to promote traditional governance, establish marine protected areas as part of a ridges-to-reefs conservation plan, and conduct a community adaptation planning pilot project in Boe Boe village. The summary concludes by noting next steps to integrate ecosystem and adaptation planning at various levels and establish more protected areas by 2012.
The project aims to maintain the resilience of forest ecosystems and biodiversity in San Ignacio Province, Peru to climate change through on-the-ground activities and policy strengthening. The approach considers both landscape-level natural processes and community-level strategies to assess vulnerability, livelihood impacts, and the underlying causes through a gendered analysis incorporating traditional knowledge. The goal is to find complementarity between ecosystem-centered and people-centered adaptation approaches by recognizing people's dependence on ecosystem services for their livelihoods.
This document discusses the need for a robust methodology for community-based adaptation (CBA) projects. It notes that while there are many resources available, a concise yet flexible guideline is needed. Such a guideline should draw from lessons learned from past CBA projects, suggest innovative ideas, and help practitioners design projects that can adapt to changing conditions and uncertainties. The methodology should involve inclusive community participation, continuous reflection and learning, and experimentation to help communities pursue more resilient livelihoods in the face of climate and other stresses.
Community radio can be an effective tool for improving food security and climate adaptation among subsistence farmers in Malawi. The African Farm Radio Research Initiative partnered with Dzimwe Community Radio to conduct participatory radio campaigns promoting improved farming practices like hybrid maize varieties. Monitoring found the campaigns significantly increased adoption rates of the new technologies and helped farmers improve food security and health. Lessons from this success suggest community radio is well-suited to disseminating climate adaptation strategies to rural smallholder farmers in Malawi and beyond.
This document summarizes preliminary observations from a study on how coastal communities in Bangladesh perceive climate and non-climate stressors. The study was conducted in two villages - one on the mainland and one island-like setting more exposed to hazards. Villagers reported increased cyclones, drought, erratic rainfall, and salinity affecting livelihoods like fishing and rice farming. However, they did not clearly connect these issues to climate change and also mentioned non-climate stressors like development impacts. While some problems can be solved locally, the researchers noted that other issues require broader ecosystem-based approaches and coordination on trans-boundary water management given upstream uncertainties.
More from International Institute for Environment and Development CBA5 Conference Presentations (20)
1. Community-based
Adaptation
core principles, practices and relation to EbA
Charles Ehrhart
CARE Internationalʼs Poverty, Environment and Climate Change Network
Presentation during 5th International Conference on Community-based Adaptation
Dhaka, Bangladesh
28th March, 2011
Tuesday, March 29, 2011 1
Adapting to the unavoidable impacts of climate change is now widely recognized as vital to a coherent, global response to climate change. As a result, recent
years have seen a marked rise in adaptation funding – with even steeper increases expected in the near term. During the last decade and a half, adaptation
funding flows prioritised awareness raising amongst policymakers, strengthening government capacity, and support to government planning processes. Though
these activities will remain important recipients of adaptation funding, demand and support for action on the ground is growing.
Significant resources are already being allocated to large-scale infrastructure projects, such as damns and dykes that can make an important contribution to
reducing people’s vulnerability to the impacts of climate change. However, evidence from more than sixty years of development experience shows that these
interventions can only provide a partial solution – at best – to meeting the needs of especially vulnerable people. As a result, there is mounting interest amongst
donors, multi-lateral organisations and civil society in “community-based” approaches to adaptation. This presentation explores emerging core principles and
practices around CBA, as well as its relationship to EBA.
2. Community-based Adaptation
CBA aims to reduce negative impacts of
CC on vulnerable populations - both in
the short and long term - from the ground
up
it is “targeted” and “focused,” and
addresses both the “software” and
“hardware” of adaptation
it is a “community-led,” or “community-
driven” approach to adaptation that
complements top-down planning and
programmes
it operates at multiple levels and can be
large scale - so long as communities
remain at the centre of planning and
action
Tuesday, March 29, 2011 2
Community-based Adaptation (CBA) refers to an evolving yet distinct set of principles and practices that aims to reduce the negative impacts of climate
change on individuals, households and communities - both in the short and long term. It targets the most vulnerable populations in northern and southern
countries, in either rural or urban contexts; and it focuses on activities with the greatest bang for the buck. This targeting and focusing, embedded in participatory
situational analysis and action-planning processes, distinguishes it from development business-as-usual.
CBA values the “software” as well as “hardware” of adaptation. Put another way, some CBA investments – like irrigation canals or mangrove saplings planted as a
hedge against storm-surge – can be carried and counted. However, these tangibles are usually linked with complementary investments in community-based
disaster risk management, community-based natural resource management, or farmer-to-farmer field schools.These investments often extend to women’s
empowerment, which many professionals believe essential to building long-term adaptive capacity.
In the 1980s and ’90s, many governments in Africa, Asia and Latin America transferred key responsibilities to lower administrative levels. As decentralisation
progressed, local plans and policies became increasingly important to development – both in terms of focusing government resources and establishing a
conducive environment for “bottom-up” efforts. Community-based planning (i.e. “planning by communities, for … communities, which is not isolated from but links
into … local and national government planning systems”) rapidly evolved within this space as a core development strategy.
In many countries, government adaptation efforts are being mainstreamed and bundled together with pre-existing, decentralised development and/or disaster risk
management planning processes. This provides CBA projects with ready-made platforms for bottom-up adaptation planning and action, as well as structured
articulation within large-scale government systems. It should, therefore, come as no surprise that so many CBA projects (whose staff frequently have decades of
development or disaster risk reduction experience) routinely include community-based planning and capitalise on pre-existing relationships with government
authorities/processes to pursue new objectives. Indeed, like community-based development, CBA projects often aim to make government planning and resources
allocation systems – at all levels – more responsive to people’s needs by increasing participation, transparency, and accountability. Towards this end, CBA projects
employ a range of tactics, including community mobilisation, advocacy to increase direct participation in government planning processes, and participatory
research to inform national and sectoral adaptation policies.
As an example of CBA operating at multiple levels: CARE’s Reducing Vulnerability to Climate Change (RVCC) project in Bangladesh worked in communities but
ALSO helped 14 Union Parishads develop adaptation plans and undertook national level advocacy on growing salinity and decreasing access to potable water
3. characteristic practices
CBA projects typically entail a combination
of the following intervention types:
Promotion of climate-resilient
livelihoods
Disaster risk reduction/management,
Capacity strengthening of local civil
society & government institutions (to
more effectively support local
adaptation efforts)
Advocacy & social mobilisation to
address the underlying causes of
vulnerability (e.g. poor governance,
limited access to basic services
discrimination & other social injustices)
Tuesday, March 29, 2011 3
CBA projects characteristically entail a combination of the following intervention types:
• Promotion of climate-resilient livelihoods (including, for example, income diversification, technology transfer and/or behavioural change);
• Disaster risk reduction/management;
• Capacity strengthening of local civil society and government institutions so that they can more effectively support community, household and individual
adaptation efforts; and
• Advocacy and social mobilisation to address the underlying causes of vulnerability, including poor governance, lack of control over resources, limited access to
basic services, discrimination and other social injustices.
4. core principles
amongst the core principles identified in the
UN’s Statement of Common Understanding
on HRBA, the following exert an especially
strong influence over the discourse and
design of CBA:
non-discrimination, equality and the
special needs of marginalized social
groups;
active, free and meaningful
participation;
empowerment; and
accountability.
Tuesday, March 29, 2011 4
While the term “Community-based Adaptation” is still young, it has rapidly matured on the basis of principles and best practices gleaned from the last half-century
of development and disaster-risk reduction/management experience. This heritage has many implications for how CBA is currently understood and applied. One
of the most significant legacies shaping CBA is the widespread adoption of a Human Rights-Based Approach (HRBA, or RBA) to development and even wider
acceptance of its participatory, process-oriented principles.
HRBA provides a conceptual framework for development based on human rights standards as stipulated in international treaties and declarations. It aims to
promote and protect human rights by integrating the norms, standards and principles of the international human rights system into the plans, policies and
processes of development. Guiding principles of the Human Rights-Based Approach, as set out in the UN Statement of Common Understanding, embody
decades of lessons learnt and shift away from a “needs based approach.” They clarify the ultimate objective of development as “greater realization of rights,” and
they promote strategies that strengthen both the capacity of rights-holders to claim their rights and duty-bearers to fulfil their obligations. Accordingly, human
rights inform both the ends and means of development.
5. 1. non-discrimination and the right of marginalised people
identify especially vulnerable
individuals and marginalised social
groups
fully include them in all levels of
adaptation planning and
implementation
understand and address their unique
needs through targeted interventions
ensure that adaptation activities do not
inadvertently worsen their vulnerability
redress power imbalances and other
structural causes of differential
vulnerability
Tuesday, March 29, 2011 5
The principle of non-discrimination, equality and special attention to the needs of marginalized social groups is central to the international human rights
framework. Increasingly applied to development policy and practice during the past twenty years, it has fundamentally shaped how many development actors see
the challenge of adaptation – and their role in meeting it. Integrating this principle into adaptation efforts entails explicit steps to:
• Identify especially vulnerable individuals and marginalised social groups;
• Fully include them in all levels of adaptation planning, as well as implementation processes (by providing, for example, information in minority languages);
• Understand and address their unique needs through targeted interventions (reaching poor women, the elderly, geographically isolated communities, and
politically marginalised Indigenous Peoples);
• Ensure that adaptation activities do not inadvertently worsen their vulnerability;
• Redress power imbalances and other structural causes of differential vulnerability within and between households.
The influence of a rights-based approach explains why many development and humanitarian actors, including CARE, Oxfam, the International Federation of Red
Cross/Crescent Societies, and DfID, place so much importance on differentiating between social groups in their climate change vulnerability assessments. It also
explains their commitment to targeting especially vulnerable social groups (e.g. poor women) and concern with structured injustices.
6. 2. active, free and meaningful participation
participation is a fundamental right
it is also a solid operational principle
this principle is often interpreted as
meaning people have the right to
influence adaptation plans, policies and
practices – at all levels.
it has resulted in projects to facilitate
information flows and aid women to
assume leadership roles
this principle helps explain why CBA
proponents so often emphasize
“empowerment” over charitable support
Tuesday, March 29, 2011 6
Active, free and meaningful participation in development decision-making is a fundamental right. Participation is also a solid operational principle, since leaving
intended beneficiaries out of decision-making increases the risk that interventions will not match people’s priority needs; be culturally or ecologically inappropriate;
or services will prove too costly.
In the context of adaptation, this principle is commonly interpreted as meaning people have the right to influence adaptation plans, policies and practices – at all
levels. It has resulted in projects facilitating timely, transparent information flows about climate change; aiding women (through training and mentoring) to take on
leadership roles in community and local government organisations. This principle also helps explains the emphasis that CBA proponents typically place on
empowerment versus charitable support.
7. 3. empowerment
empowerment is about treating people
as the rightful directors of their own
development.
this principle is commonly interpreted
as a mandate to help people gain the
power, capacities, capabilities and
access necessary to adapt their
households, communities and societies
to the impacts of climate change
Tuesday, March 29, 2011 7
Empowerment is about treating people as the rightful directors of their own development. This principle is interpreted as a mandate to help people gain the power,
capacities, capabilities and access (political, economic, etc.) necessary to adapt their households, communities and societies to the impacts of climate change.
8. 4. accountability
aims to increase people’s capacity
to claim their rights, as well as
state capacity to be held
accountable (through more
accessible and responsive public
officials/ institutions, etc.).
In the context of climate change, this
principle is frequently evoked to
justify downward accountability for
the flow and allocation of adaptation
funding.
Tuesday, March 29, 2011 8
Accountability is another core HRBA principle affecting how development actors view the adaptation challenge. It aims to increase people’s capacity to claim their
rights, as well as state capacity to be held accountable (through more accessible and responsive public officials/ institutions, etc.). In the context of climate change,
this principle is frequently evoked to justify downward accountability for the flow and allocation of adaptation funding.
9. ecosystems in the context of CBA
CBA frequently deals with natural
resources (and often prioritises
improved NRM-related activities)
CBA is frequently concerned with the
continuing flow of environmental goods
and services
CBA rarely takes a holistic approach to
working with complex ecosystems...
CBA rarely accounts for “secondary”
ecosystem goods & services (e.g.
pollination)
Tuesday, March 29, 2011 9
10. towards a complementary set of “ecosystem principles”
we need to develop and internalize a
complementary set of “ecosystem
principles” for community-led adaptation
such as:
fully integrate ecosystem goods and
services (e.g. living storm barriers) into
people-centred adaptation strategies/
plans
strive for long-term solutions and avoid
“maladaptation”
build the resilience of key ecosystems
so that essential goods (e.g. forest
foods) and services (e.g. flood
mitigation) aren’t lost
Tuesday, March 29, 2011 10