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Community managed drr coraid - regional consultation

Cordaid implements a Community Managed Disaster Risk Reduction (CMDRR) approach in Kenya to build climate resilience. The approach centers communities in hazard and risk assessments to develop and implement risk reduction plans. Key activities include rangeland rehabilitation, livelihood diversification, conflict resolution, and strengthening community organizations and institutions. Challenges include lack of coordination between policies and actors, overreliance on relief that undermines coping strategies, and limited documentation of best practices. Improving linkages, research, documentation, and governance are priorities to enhance climate adaptation.

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East African Insights•
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COMMUNITY MANAGED DISASTER RISK REDUCTION ( CMDRR) APPROACH/CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION PROGRAMME PRESENTATION MADE AT STRENGTHENING CLIMATE RESILIENCE PROJECTWORKSHOP 24th June 2010 BY: SAFIA ABDI CORDAID-
Outline  About Cordaid  Link between view of CMDRR/CCA /SD  Cordaid CMDRR/CCA programme/approach  Climate smart approach/CMDRR  Challenges  Way Forward
ABOUT CORDAID  Catholic Organization for Relief and Development Aid [Cordaid]  Dutch International relief and development NGO  Works in 36 countries with over 1000 partners- in Africa, Asia, Latin America and Eastern Europe  Partners/donors: Dutch Ministry of Development Cooperation, EC, ECHO, Dutch public, Caritas Internationalis…  4 programmes- In Kenya- enhanced pastoralist voice, CMDRR, and Urban slums
How we view CCA/DRR/devpt  With climate change- frequency and intensity of Hazard increases  Increase in hazard/disaster events adversely affect sustainable development and growth of nations and communities- funds are diverted to relief activities.. (Co-relation between hazard event and GDP)  With CC there are opportunities and risks- Adaptation- addressing risk, turn opportunities into assets  Adaptation and DRR measurs aim at reducing impacts of hazards and enhance peoples/nations adaptive capacity –by extension contribute to sustainable development-  CCA/DRR intervention planning that take into consideration the various future scenarios based on the science is a building block for sustainable development.  Enjoyment of equal and inalienable rights of people is the foundation of freedom, justice, peace and safety. Poor governance = increase in vulnerability=not safe/resilient- therefore need to link the 3.  The three are mutually inclusive/mutually beneficial
CMDRR/CCA in Kenya  Implemented in the pastoralist areas- active in Moyale, Mandera, Isiolo, Samburu, and Marsabit  Overall objective- build safe and resilient communities.  Priority activities ( after PDRA&A) supported. These could be prevention, mitigation activities targeting the hazard, preparedness, response, recovery and reconstruction.  Mainly focus on drought as a hazard but others- conflict management, floods, livestock disease...shaped by PDRA and analysis  Combine drought cycle management and DRR/CCA approaches and strategies
CMDRR Programme Core Principles of CMDRR  Communities are at the centre of CMDRR  They manage DRR process/PDRA&A  Development organizations’ role is facilitation ( not solution providers) and employees are learning agents and not change agents  CMDRR is multi-stakeholder process and facilitation done through multi-agency approach ( broad based partnership )  CMDRR best done through multi-hazard approach  Effective community organization is the foundation of CMDRR  MEL & ADVOCACY an integral part of CMDRR.
CMDRR Formula Hazard ≠ Disaster Hazard can be natural and man made but disasters are caused by hazard when it interact with human condition ( exposure and lack of capacity to cope). Disaster Risk = Hazard x Vulnerability Capacity  Capacity looked at from two angles- capacity for hazards and capacity for vulnerability.
CMDRR PROCESS Inputs : Tools, facilitators, community members knowledge & skills, time PDRA Hazard, vulnerability and capacity assessment Risk analysis Conclusion on risk levels Processing Accept risk level or relocate elements Monitoring at risk if risk level is not acceptable Evaluation & Identify and prioritize what Needs to Learning be done Set DRR goals and objectives Community Development plan Contingency Outputs Hazard mitigation/prevention plan Strengthening systems/organ. Livelihood enhancement Community organization Capacity building responsible for Community Risk Reduction Plan implementation of DRR plan
Climate smart approach of our programme Tackling exposure to changing extremes:  Making DRR a priority  Lobby at International/ national level through networks like Kenya Climate Change working Group, CIDSE- the National climate Change Response strategy have plans for DRR actions.  Cordaid is a member of the national DRR platform (  Assessing changing risks and vulnerabilities  Risk assessment mostly based on local knowledge but also other secondary data. plans to use data based on regional and down-scaled climate information..  Vulnerability and Capacity Assessments – Depend on local knowledge and experience- Element at risk include human, productive assets and critical structures  Increase public awareness of climate change and disaster risks  investing in building own staff, partners and community capacity on DRR/ climate change  Early warning and preparedness – communities EWS and modern used.  Proactive Local institutions – After PDRA&A) , community organization is formed- for mobilization of community and resources
Tackling exposure to changing extremes Reduce exposure of physical environment to changing risks : e.g activities like rangeland rehabilitation to enhance pasture growth.  Relocation in some region Reduce exposure of livelihood strategies to changing risks  Local Economy : livelihood diversification options like- fish farming, dry land farming, petty trade, sericulture, eco-tourism, restocking with resilient animals like camels and goats.  Social relations – promote social cohesion e.g conflict transformation- development of resource use pacts btw communities- saved many lives and livelihood in the drought of 2008/2009
Enhancing adaptive capacity  Creating flexible and effective institutions  Effective delivery –strengthening community institutions – e.g Rangeland Users Association in Isiolo district (more still need to be done)  Flexibility – Cordaid and partners staff well trained on DRR and Climate Change. Partners sale their CAP/Contingency plans to various actors.  Whatever comes out of well facilitated PDRA&A process is flexibly funded, of course depending on resources available...  At national level, effective institutions are necessary but the capacity of existing structures is inadequate in terms of leadership on the subject and outreach.  Promoting learning Interactive learning – Mandated- linking and learning.  Intra/inter country/ community and partners Learning tours  documentation of best practices  Reaching out to other actors- eg ECHO.  Adopting multi-Level perspectives Linkages across scales – local level experiences have been used as evidence in lobby and advocacy (REGLAP)  Considering greater uncertainty Scenario planning- Contingency plans developed at community level based on worst case scenario exercise. But scientific prediction fairly used.
Addressing Poverty, Vulnerability and their Causes  Some of the interventions under 1 and 2 above by extension deals with this.  invested in developing livestock marketing infrastructure  Support heath projects  Support schools with water facilities to reduce drop-out during drought.  A different Cordaid programme support issues of civic education and other lobby work to enhance voices of pastoralist in the local and national government agenda’s.  Environmental Impact Assessment /audit done for projects for environmental sustainability but not for carbon stewardship
Challenges At policy/national level  DRR policy still in draft=moneraty allocations and establishment of certain structures and system delayed  Limited integration of policies: DRR and CC have good link but what about other sectoral policies.  Blame game = using CC  Poor co-ordination between ministries- not effective and efficient.
Challenges contd At local level  Different actors using different tools- confusing the community.  Poor co-ordination of activities among actors.  Communities local knowledge esp. on EWS often ignore and not incorporated into the modern EWS.  Some overarching systems killing local initiatives and coping mechanism- e.g relief food distribution throughout the year for over 10 yrs.  Documentation of best practices not adequately done.
Way forward  Improve institutional linkages-practice.  Government to provide leadership and outreach.  More research esp. CC - to generate information  CSOs to document best practices and lessons- for advocacy and replication.  Capacity building on DRR/CC  Develop a common approach/tools  Build on indigenous knowledge  Advocate for good governance as it it the foundation of safety.
Pictures-Lined pan
Hand-pump on a shallow well  Ahsanteni
Underground tank
Animal health
Bee-keeping
Camel- resilient asset
Rehabilitated rangeland
 Thank you.