Diffraction interference
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The topic discusses about the types of wave front formation. It constitutes the difference between diffraction and interference along with a comparison chart and graphics. It also states the types of fringes formation and also states differences between constructive and destructive interference.
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Diffraction of light
Diffraction is the bending of light around obstacles. Light diffracts through small openings more noticeably than larger openings, producing interference patterns of bright and dark fringes. A double slit experiment demonstrates diffraction through two slits, with light and dark fringes appearing from constructive and destructive interference. Diffraction gratings split light into multiple beams like how light spreads on a CD. Diffraction is used in microscopes and telescopes to resolve images by separating blurred images into distinct ones.
Double slit
Young's double-slit experiment demonstrated the wave-like properties of light. Coherent light was passed through two slits and an interference pattern of bright and dark fringes was observed on a screen. The path difference between light passing through each slit determines whether constructive or destructive interference occurs at a given point. Thomas Young developed an equation relating the path difference to the spacing and location of the interference fringes. Laser diffraction through single and double slits was compared, showing qualitative differences between the patterns.
Diffraction
- Diffraction occurs when waves pass through small openings, around obstacles, or by sharp edges. This causes the waves to spread out after passing through the openings.
- A single slit placed between a light source and screen produces a diffraction pattern of alternating bright and dark bands called interference fringes. The spacing and intensity of the fringes depends on the wavelength of light and the width of the slit.
- In single-slit diffraction, each part of the slit acts as a secondary source, and the light interferes depending on the path differences between waves, causing constructive and destructive interference at different angles.
Standing waves
1. A standing wave is formed by two waves of equal amplitude, wavelength, and frequency travelling in opposite directions in the same medium.
2. Nodes occur at positions where the amplitude is zero, while antinodes occur at positions of maximum amplitude. The distance between nodes is half the wavelength, and between a node and adjacent antinode is a quarter wavelength.
3. For a string fixed at both ends, standing waves can form with wavelengths of 2L/m, where L is the string length and m is a positive integer. The lowest frequency is called the fundamental frequency. Higher integer multiples of this frequency are the harmonics.
Chapter 5 diffraction
This document discusses the principles and phenomena of diffraction. It begins by defining diffraction as the deviation of light from rectilinear propagation that occurs when a portion of a wavefront is obstructed. The Huygens-Fresnel principle is introduced, which states that every point on a wavefront acts as a secondary source of spherical wavelets. Diffraction patterns can be classified as either Fraunhofer or Fresnel diffraction depending on the separation between the aperture and viewing screen. Examples of diffraction from single slits, circular apertures, and double slits are analyzed. Rayleigh's criterion for resolving power with rectangular apertures is also described.
Thin Film Interference Jennifer Whetter
This LO presents conditions for constructive and destructive thin film interference. An example of thin film interference in butter fly wings with a worked solution is provided to assist in application of the concepts and demonstrate the real life applications of this topic.
Diffraction
When light passes through a single slit, it spreads out and produces a diffraction pattern with a bright central maximum and dimmer surrounding maxima and minima. The positions of these maxima and minima can be calculated based on the wavelength of light and width of the slit. Huygens' principle of wavelets constructed from each part of the slit opening can be used to explain the interference causing some wavelets to cancel out, creating the dimmer minima in the diffraction pattern.
Diffraction
The document discusses the principles and applications of diffraction. It defines diffraction as how waves spread out when passing through an aperture. The amount of diffraction depends on the ratio of the wavelength to the aperture width. A single slit produces a diffraction pattern of bright and dark fringes. Multiple slits produce an interference pattern as each slit acts as a point source. Diffraction gratings can be used to accurately measure wavelengths and produce spectra by separating wavelengths. Applications include measuring unknown wavelengths, identifying materials through their spectra, and determining the composition of stars and nebulae.
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Diffraction of light
Diffraction is the bending of light around obstacles. Light diffracts through small openings more noticeably than larger openings, producing interference patterns of bright and dark fringes. A double slit experiment demonstrates diffraction through two slits, with light and dark fringes appearing from constructive and destructive interference. Diffraction gratings split light into multiple beams like how light spreads on a CD. Diffraction is used in microscopes and telescopes to resolve images by separating blurred images into distinct ones.
Double slit
Young's double-slit experiment demonstrated the wave-like properties of light. Coherent light was passed through two slits and an interference pattern of bright and dark fringes was observed on a screen. The path difference between light passing through each slit determines whether constructive or destructive interference occurs at a given point. Thomas Young developed an equation relating the path difference to the spacing and location of the interference fringes. Laser diffraction through single and double slits was compared, showing qualitative differences between the patterns.
Diffraction
- Diffraction occurs when waves pass through small openings, around obstacles, or by sharp edges. This causes the waves to spread out after passing through the openings.
- A single slit placed between a light source and screen produces a diffraction pattern of alternating bright and dark bands called interference fringes. The spacing and intensity of the fringes depends on the wavelength of light and the width of the slit.
- In single-slit diffraction, each part of the slit acts as a secondary source, and the light interferes depending on the path differences between waves, causing constructive and destructive interference at different angles.
Standing waves
1. A standing wave is formed by two waves of equal amplitude, wavelength, and frequency travelling in opposite directions in the same medium.
2. Nodes occur at positions where the amplitude is zero, while antinodes occur at positions of maximum amplitude. The distance between nodes is half the wavelength, and between a node and adjacent antinode is a quarter wavelength.
3. For a string fixed at both ends, standing waves can form with wavelengths of 2L/m, where L is the string length and m is a positive integer. The lowest frequency is called the fundamental frequency. Higher integer multiples of this frequency are the harmonics.
Chapter 5 diffraction
This document discusses the principles and phenomena of diffraction. It begins by defining diffraction as the deviation of light from rectilinear propagation that occurs when a portion of a wavefront is obstructed. The Huygens-Fresnel principle is introduced, which states that every point on a wavefront acts as a secondary source of spherical wavelets. Diffraction patterns can be classified as either Fraunhofer or Fresnel diffraction depending on the separation between the aperture and viewing screen. Examples of diffraction from single slits, circular apertures, and double slits are analyzed. Rayleigh's criterion for resolving power with rectangular apertures is also described.
Thin Film Interference Jennifer Whetter
This LO presents conditions for constructive and destructive thin film interference. An example of thin film interference in butter fly wings with a worked solution is provided to assist in application of the concepts and demonstrate the real life applications of this topic.
Diffraction
When light passes through a single slit, it spreads out and produces a diffraction pattern with a bright central maximum and dimmer surrounding maxima and minima. The positions of these maxima and minima can be calculated based on the wavelength of light and width of the slit. Huygens' principle of wavelets constructed from each part of the slit opening can be used to explain the interference causing some wavelets to cancel out, creating the dimmer minima in the diffraction pattern.
Diffraction
The document discusses the principles and applications of diffraction. It defines diffraction as how waves spread out when passing through an aperture. The amount of diffraction depends on the ratio of the wavelength to the aperture width. A single slit produces a diffraction pattern of bright and dark fringes. Multiple slits produce an interference pattern as each slit acts as a point source. Diffraction gratings can be used to accurately measure wavelengths and produce spectra by separating wavelengths. Applications include measuring unknown wavelengths, identifying materials through their spectra, and determining the composition of stars and nebulae.
Double-Slit interference
Thomas Young's double-slit experiment demonstrated that light has wave-like properties by showing that light passing through two slits will produce an interference pattern of bright and dark fringes on a screen. The experiment found that the distance between fringes is determined by the wavelength of light and the distance between the slits and screen. Increasing the wavelength or distances between slits or screen decreases the fringe spacing. This relationship can be used to calculate unknown wavelengths from measured distances. For example, in an experiment using sodium light with 0.3mm slits 1.2m from a screen showing 2.4mm spaced fringes, the wavelength is calculated to be 589nm.
Huygens' Principle
Huygens' Principle proposes that every point on a wavefront can be considered a source of spherical wavelets and that the propagation of the wave can be determined by the sum of these secondary wavelets. The document uses diagrams to illustrate how drawing arcs from points on a wavefront can represent wave propagation based on this principle. It then shows how Huygens' Principle can explain the diffraction of a wave passing through a slit that is wider than the wavelength of the wave, with the wavefronts bending slightly as they pass through.
Wave theory
1. Huygen's wave theory proposes that light propagates as waves, with each point on a wavefront acting as a secondary source of spherical wavelets.
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3. Maxwell's electromagnetic theory unified electric and magnetic fields and correctly predicted the speed of light, providing strong evidence for the wave nature of light.
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When waves encounter obstacles like slits, they diffract or bend around the edges. Diffraction can be explained by Huygens' principle, which says each point on a wavefront acts as a new source. For a single slit, the new wavefront shape is determined by combining spherical wavelets from points across the slit. There are two types of diffraction: Fresnel, where distances are finite, and Fraunhofer, where incident waves are plane waves. X-ray diffraction uses wavelengths comparable to atomic sizes to determine crystal and molecular structures.
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For comments please contact me at solo.hermelin@gmail.com.
A few Figures were not downloaded. I recommend to see the presentation on my website in Optics folder.
For more presentations on different subjects visit my website at http://www.solohermelin.com.
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3. Maxwell's electromagnetic theory unified electric and magnetic fields and correctly predicted the speed of light, providing strong evidence for the wave nature of light.
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This document describes Newton's rings experiment to observe the interference of light. When a plano-convex lens is placed on a glass slide, a thin air film is formed of varying thickness. Circular interference fringes called Newton's rings are seen when monochromatic light is shone on the setup. The rings appear as alternating bright and dark circles whose diameters are used to determine the wavelength of light through mathematical formulas derived from light interference principles.
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1) Simple harmonic motion is the motion of an object where the acceleration is directly proportional to the displacement from the equilibrium position and directed towards the equilibrium.
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For comments please contact me at solo.hermelin@gmail.com.
A few Figures were not downloaded. I recommend to see the presentation on my website in Optics folder.
For more presentations on different subjects visit my website at http://www.solohermelin.com.
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The ppt gives basic information about fraunhoffer diffraction and helps to understand in a easy manner.Feel free to share and comment !!!!!!
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Waves
1) Waves transfer energy through a medium from one point to another without the medium itself traveling.
2) There are two main types of mechanical waves - transverse waves, where the vibration is perpendicular to the direction of travel, and longitudinal waves, where the vibration is parallel.
3) When two waves interact according to the principle of superposition, their individual displacements are summed at any given point. This can result in interference patterns with amplitudes that are enhanced or reduced.
Diffraction of Light waves
Light waves superimpose each other and the redistribution of energy due to this can be observed in terms of well defined patterns of maxima and minima. Wherein, maxima refers to more energy and minima refers to less energy. Diffraction can also be called as interference in secondary wavelets.
class22A.ppt
1) When two waves combine, their algebraic sum determines the composite wave, taking into account direction, amplitude, and phase of each wave.
2) Interference occurs when waves combine, resulting in constructive interference if waves reinforce each other or destructive interference if waves cancel out.
3) A Michelson interferometer uses a beam splitter to create two optical paths that interfere upon recombination, potentially revealing distortions by an optical element under test via the interference fringe pattern.
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Diffraction interference
- 2. Content Abstract Keywords Introduction Diffraction Interference Comparison Chart Key Differences Conclusion References
- 3. Abstract In this presentation, our aim is to distinguish the difference between diffraction and interference of light Throughout this presentation we will gather the basic knowledge about the topic . This presentation is a team work and every member is associated with this presentation has collected the data from various trusted sources.
- 4. Keywords Diffraction Interference Constructive Interference Destructive Interference Fringes Superposition Wavefront Wavelet
- 5. Introduction The crucial difference between diffraction and interference is that diffraction of light occurs due to the superposition of secondary wavelets that generates from various parts of a wave front (simply put spreading of light when the beam passes through the slit). As against interference is the result of the superposition of light waves from 2 coherent sources. Another important difference between the two is that the intensity of all the bright fringes is not the same in the case of diffraction however it is same in case of interference. In this session, we will discuss some other parameters that distinguish the two.
- 6. Diffraction Diffraction is the phenomenon of spreading of the light wave when it passes through a slit or any small gap. But it is noteworthy here that the wavelength of the wave must be comparable with the dimensions of the slit. As in the case of the large opening, the light wave will not bend at the edges. While in case of smaller opening the bending is quite noticeable. But for the very small dimension of the slit, the opening acts as a separate source and thus allows the spreading of the wave over the entire surface after the slit.
- 7. Diffraction of Light Waves Diffraction Pattern
- 8. Interference Interference is the act of superposition of two or more light waves emitted by two coherent sources travelling in the same medium. We know coherent sources provide a light wave of the same frequency and constant phase difference. So, two waves that are coherent in nature superpose each other when they cross each other. Thus the superposition of the waves gives algebraic addition of the disturbances due to separate waves. It is to be noted here that the intensity of the resultant wave relies on the amplitude and phase relation of the two-component waves.
- 9. Constructive Interference When the two superposing waves are of the same amplitude and phase then the intensity of the resultant wave will be higher than the two separate waves. More specifically the amplitude of the resultant wave will be twice the amplitude of the waves that are going to be superposed. This is called constructive interference. Destructive Interference If the two superposing waves have the same amplitude but are of opposite phase then the intensity of the resultant wave will be lesser than the two separate waves. The amplitude of the two waves will be added but as the two are in opposite phase thus the two cancels each other. This is called destructive interference.
- 11. Comparison Chart Basis for Comparison Diffraction Interference Basic Occurs due to superposition of secondary wavelets. Occurs due to superposition of light waves from two sources. Fringe Intensity Not same for all the fringes. Same for all the fringes. Width of fringes Unequal Equal Fringe spacing Non-uniform Uniform Slit or obstacle Required Not required Direction of wave propagation Gets changed after being diffracted. Remains unchanged after getting superposed. Contrast between maxima and minima Poor Good
- 13. Conclusion So, from the above discussion, it is clear that interference is the outcome of superposition while diffraction is the consequence of spreading of the light wave.
- 14. References https://circuitglobe.com/difference-between-diffraction-and-interference.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_interference Engineering Physics By Dr. Moumita Mukherjee