In this paper we have analysed the Common Mode
Rejection Ratio (CMRR) for differential amplifiers used in
bioimpedance measurement systems and derived the complete
equations for the case when OPAMPs have finite differential
and common mode gains. In principle, passive ac-coupling
networks that include no grounded components have an
infinite CMRR, but they must provide a path for input bias
currents. The paper provides a novel approach as to how
component tolerances limit the CMRR and affect the transient
response of different networks. Experimental results and
various measurements support our theoretical predictions.
The best CMRR is obtained when the differential gain is
concentrated in the input stage, but it decreases at frequencies
above 1 kHz because of the reduced CMRR for the differential
stage at these frequencies.
This document discusses the design of a CMOS sampling switch for ultra-low power analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) used in biomedical applications. It analyzes general switch design constraints such as thermal noise, sampling time jitter, switch-induced error, tracking bandwidth, and voltage droop. Based on the analyses, a leakage-reduced CMOS sampling switch is designed for a 10-bit 1-kS/s successive approximation ADC using a 130nm CMOS process. Post-layout simulation shows the proposed switch offers an effective number of bits of 9.5 while consuming only 64 nW of power, meeting the ADC specification.
This document describes the design procedure for a conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter using a Butterworth filter function for switch mode power supplies (SMPS). It begins by introducing the need for EMI filters to reduce conducted emissions from SMPS circuits. The design of both differential mode and common mode Butterworth filters is then covered, including the characterization, measurement, Butterworth filter theory, analysis and synthesis. The effects of parasitic components in real passive elements are also modeled. Simulation results showing the performance of the differential mode, common mode, and overall equivalent EMI filter circuits are presented. Finally, measurements of a practical filter prototype validate the designed filter's ability to reduce conducted emissions from an SMPS by over 64dB
The Analysis of Dead Time on Switching Loss in High and Low Side MOSFETs of Z...IDES Editor
This work is about the analysis of dead time variation
on switching losses in a Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS)
synchronous buck converter (SBC) circuit. In high frequency
converter circuits, switching losses are commonly linked with
high and low side switches of SBC circuit. They are activated
externally by the gate driver circuit. The duty ratio, dead time
and resonant inductor are the parameters that affect the
efficiency of the circuit. These variables can be adjusted for
the optimization purposes. The study primarily focuses on
varying the settings of input pulses of the MOSFETs in the
resonant gate driver circuit which consequently affects the
performance of the ZVS synchronous buck converter circuit.
Using the predetermined inductor of 9 nH, the frequency is
maintained at 1 MHz for each cycle transition. The switching
loss graph is obtained and switching losses for both S1 and S2
are calculated and compared to the findings from previous
work. It has shown a decrease in losses by 13.8 % in S1. A dead
time of 15 ns has been determined to be optimized value in
the SBC design.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
1) The document reviews a differential tunable active inductor LC-tank voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) circuit proposed by Lu et al. that achieves a wide tuning range.
2) The circuit uses a differential active inductor and varactor capacitors in the LC tank. Coarse tuning is achieved by varying the equivalent inductance through a voltage-controlled resistor, while fine tuning uses a varactor.
3) This topology achieved a 143% extended tuning range and significant size reduction compared to previous VCO designs.
This document describes a CMOS RF bandpass filter design using an active inductor with a compensated negative resistance circuit. It begins by introducing the need for integrated RF filters and issues with passive inductors. It then describes an active inductor topology based on the gyrator principle and a common drain-common gate negative resistance circuit to compensate losses. Simulation results show the filter achieves a center frequency tuning range of 1.9-6 GHz and quality factors above 60 when tuned. The compensated active inductor approach allows for an integrated tunable bandpass filter solution for multi-standard wireless applications.
This document summarizes simulation techniques for power integrity in FPGAs using S-parameter models. It discusses power distribution networks and the need to simulate their frequency-dependent self-impedance profiles. Key concepts covered include series and parallel resonance, frequency components of electrical signals, and using S-parameter models of decoupling capacitors. The document provides an example simulation in Agilent ADS comparing cases with and without PCB decoupling capacitors for an Xilinx 7-series FPGA. Measurement results from an oscilloscope show equivalent jitter performance between the two cases.
FAST TRANSIENT RESPONSE LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATORijseajournal
This paper presents the design of Low Drop-Out (LDO) voltage regulator has fast transient response and which exploits a few current else low quiescent current in the operational amplifier PMOS type. We use band-gap reference for eliminate the temperature dependence. The proposed LDO voltage regulator implemented in 0.18-μm CMOS technology, we use Folded cascode CMOS amplifiers high performance in the stability , provide fast transient response which explains a fast settling, the LDO itself should provide in the output regulator voltages at t equal 2ps with transient variation of the voltage less than 170mV. High accuracy in the DC response terms, the simulation results show that the accuracy of the output regulator voltages is 1.54±0.009V, and power consumption of 1.51 mW.
This document discusses the design of a CMOS sampling switch for ultra-low power analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) used in biomedical applications. It analyzes general switch design constraints such as thermal noise, sampling time jitter, switch-induced error, tracking bandwidth, and voltage droop. Based on the analyses, a leakage-reduced CMOS sampling switch is designed for a 10-bit 1-kS/s successive approximation ADC using a 130nm CMOS process. Post-layout simulation shows the proposed switch offers an effective number of bits of 9.5 while consuming only 64 nW of power, meeting the ADC specification.
This document describes the design procedure for a conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter using a Butterworth filter function for switch mode power supplies (SMPS). It begins by introducing the need for EMI filters to reduce conducted emissions from SMPS circuits. The design of both differential mode and common mode Butterworth filters is then covered, including the characterization, measurement, Butterworth filter theory, analysis and synthesis. The effects of parasitic components in real passive elements are also modeled. Simulation results showing the performance of the differential mode, common mode, and overall equivalent EMI filter circuits are presented. Finally, measurements of a practical filter prototype validate the designed filter's ability to reduce conducted emissions from an SMPS by over 64dB
The Analysis of Dead Time on Switching Loss in High and Low Side MOSFETs of Z...IDES Editor
This work is about the analysis of dead time variation
on switching losses in a Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS)
synchronous buck converter (SBC) circuit. In high frequency
converter circuits, switching losses are commonly linked with
high and low side switches of SBC circuit. They are activated
externally by the gate driver circuit. The duty ratio, dead time
and resonant inductor are the parameters that affect the
efficiency of the circuit. These variables can be adjusted for
the optimization purposes. The study primarily focuses on
varying the settings of input pulses of the MOSFETs in the
resonant gate driver circuit which consequently affects the
performance of the ZVS synchronous buck converter circuit.
Using the predetermined inductor of 9 nH, the frequency is
maintained at 1 MHz for each cycle transition. The switching
loss graph is obtained and switching losses for both S1 and S2
are calculated and compared to the findings from previous
work. It has shown a decrease in losses by 13.8 % in S1. A dead
time of 15 ns has been determined to be optimized value in
the SBC design.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
1) The document reviews a differential tunable active inductor LC-tank voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) circuit proposed by Lu et al. that achieves a wide tuning range.
2) The circuit uses a differential active inductor and varactor capacitors in the LC tank. Coarse tuning is achieved by varying the equivalent inductance through a voltage-controlled resistor, while fine tuning uses a varactor.
3) This topology achieved a 143% extended tuning range and significant size reduction compared to previous VCO designs.
This document describes a CMOS RF bandpass filter design using an active inductor with a compensated negative resistance circuit. It begins by introducing the need for integrated RF filters and issues with passive inductors. It then describes an active inductor topology based on the gyrator principle and a common drain-common gate negative resistance circuit to compensate losses. Simulation results show the filter achieves a center frequency tuning range of 1.9-6 GHz and quality factors above 60 when tuned. The compensated active inductor approach allows for an integrated tunable bandpass filter solution for multi-standard wireless applications.
This document summarizes simulation techniques for power integrity in FPGAs using S-parameter models. It discusses power distribution networks and the need to simulate their frequency-dependent self-impedance profiles. Key concepts covered include series and parallel resonance, frequency components of electrical signals, and using S-parameter models of decoupling capacitors. The document provides an example simulation in Agilent ADS comparing cases with and without PCB decoupling capacitors for an Xilinx 7-series FPGA. Measurement results from an oscilloscope show equivalent jitter performance between the two cases.
FAST TRANSIENT RESPONSE LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATORijseajournal
This paper presents the design of Low Drop-Out (LDO) voltage regulator has fast transient response and which exploits a few current else low quiescent current in the operational amplifier PMOS type. We use band-gap reference for eliminate the temperature dependence. The proposed LDO voltage regulator implemented in 0.18-μm CMOS technology, we use Folded cascode CMOS amplifiers high performance in the stability , provide fast transient response which explains a fast settling, the LDO itself should provide in the output regulator voltages at t equal 2ps with transient variation of the voltage less than 170mV. High accuracy in the DC response terms, the simulation results show that the accuracy of the output regulator voltages is 1.54±0.009V, and power consumption of 1.51 mW.
1) The document proposes a DC-invariant gain control technique for CMOS variable-gain low-noise amplifiers (VG-LNAs). This technique provides constant DC bias current even when the RF power gain is tuned over the gain control range.
2) A differential cascoded amplifier topology is used for the VG-LNA circuit. A gain control circuit composed of MOS transistors is connected across the differential nodes to control gain while maintaining constant bias current.
3) A 0.18 μm CMOS VG-LNA implemented with this technique showed a constant 7.8±0.5 mA current from 1.5 V supply when tuning gain from 0 to 12.3 dB at 3
This document summarizes a 175μW 100MHz-2GHz inductorless receiver front-end in 65nm CMOS. It achieves over 17dB of gain from 100MHz to 2000MHz while consuming only 175μW from a 0.9V supply. The noise figure is 11dB and third-order intercept point is -16.8dBm. It uses a completely inductorless topology with a real input impedance of 300Ω achieved through current feedback in two stages, with a common gate stage at the input and common drain stage providing feedback current. The active area is just 0.017mm2, excluding pads.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
The document describes a modified Dickson charge pump design that reduces power consumption during input clock transitions. A PMOS transistor is added in series with each capacitor stage to increase the time constant, slowing the charge transfer. This reduces power from 340.5uW to 28.85uW at no load for the Dickson versus modified design. Output voltages are similar but slightly lower for the modified design. At 10MOhm and 40MOhm loads, power savings during transitions are also realized compared to the standard Dickson design while maintaining comparable output voltages. In conclusion, the modified design successfully reduces transition power consumption without significantly impacting output voltage.
This document analyzes the total harmonic distortion (THD) of 7, 9, and 11 level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverters using multicarrier pulse width modulation. The analysis found that THD in the output voltage decreases and output voltage increases with more levels. Simulations in MATLAB/Simulink showed that an 11-level inverter had the lowest THD at 11.1%, while a 7-level inverter had the highest THD at 24.64%. More levels therefore better reduced the harmonic distortion.
This document summarizes a research paper about using an algorithm and dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) to mitigate voltage sags in power systems. It begins with an abstract that describes focusing on using a DVR with an algorithm to control static series compensators without time delay using p-q-r coordinate transformation. It then provides background on voltage sags and defines them. The main body describes the structure and operating principle of a DVR system, including using a rectifier, inverter, filter and PWM control. It presents the mathematical model for calculating voltage sags based on source and fault impedances. The conclusion is that the DVR injects the missing voltage to maintain the load voltage during sags.
Freq response of CE and CC discrete circuitsJavaria Haseeb
The document discusses frequency response and how capacitors affect an amplifier's response. It notes that an ideal amplifier's gain should be independent of frequency, but in practice amplifiers only act linearly over a range of frequencies defined by lower (fL) and upper (fH) cut-off frequencies. Capacitors introduce poles that define these cut-off frequencies. The document examines how to determine which capacitors contribute to fL and fH by analyzing the circuit with different capacitor conditions. It also discusses the capacitive effects in transistors that contribute to the high-frequency response roll-off.
This document analyzes the dimensioning space of a parallel tuned integrated circuit amplifier that was previously designed and implemented. It begins by introducing the circuit topology being analyzed, which includes an output capacitor, bias inductor, and parallel resonator. Equations are then derived to calculate the admittances, load resistance, resonant frequency, and component values based on varying design parameters. Performance contours are shown for both an ideal resistive load and with ideal low-pass and high-pass matching networks. The maximum efficiency increased from 77% to 81% with matching networks, while maximum output power increased from 4.1W to 4.9W.
This document describes a novel transimpedance amplifier with variable gain. It proposes a new topology using only three active devices and no passive components. Simulations show it achieves comparable noise, bandwidth, and input impedance as a conventional design using 30uW power. Its transimpedance gain can be varied from 68dB to 78dB by adjusting a control voltage, allowing for a 10dB range of programmability. The proposed design occupies less layout space and is well-suited for applications requiring many sensors.
This document discusses transmission line theory and equations. It begins by introducing microwave frequencies and transmission lines. It then derives the transmission line equations that relate the voltage and current along the line to the line's per unit length resistance, inductance, conductance, and capacitance. These equations include the characteristic impedance and propagation constant. The document discusses how waves propagate on lossless transmission lines and the behavior of waves when the line is terminated by an impedance, including definitions of reflection coefficient and power flow.
This document discusses Matlab/Simulink implementation for reducing motor derating and torque pulsation of an induction motor using a matrix converter. It provides background on how non-sinusoidal supply from traditional inverters causes harmonic losses and torque pulsation in induction motors. The document summarizes simulation results showing that a matrix converter can provide a pure sinusoidal supply, reducing harmonic losses and torque pulsation. Simulations of a matrix converter driving an induction motor in Matlab/Simulink are presented, showing sinusoidal voltage/current waveforms and reduced torque pulsation at steady state.
A Comparison Of Vlsi Interconnect Modelshappybhatia
The document presents a comparative study of delay analysis for carbon nanotube and copper based VLSI interconnect models. It analyzes the performance of CNT and copper interconnects using analytical delay estimation techniques like the driver interconnect load model, modified nodal analysis, and the unified time delay model. Simulation results show that CNT bundle interconnects provide significant delay improvement over copper interconnects for certain parameters like repeater sizing and pitch ratio.
1) Adding a small series resistor to the output of the GX414 and GX424 video crosspoint switches can compensate for their natural frequency peaking above 1 MHz.
2) The value of the resistor needed is calculated based on the output impedance model and load capacitance to achieve a flat frequency response up to 80 MHz.
3) Computer simulations using an accurate PSpice model of the switches can also be used to design compensation networks for different system configurations.
1. Power dividers are microwave components that divide input power between output ports. Common types include T-junction, Wilkinson, and multi-section broadband dividers. T-junction dividers can be lossless or lossy. Wilkinson dividers provide isolation between output ports.
2. Directional couplers are 4-port networks that divide power between through and coupled ports. They use quarter-wave length lines and even-odd mode analysis. Voltage ratios define coupling factors. Multisection designs provide broadband operation.
3. Hybrids like the quadrature and ring hybrids are 90 or 180 degree hybrids based on symmetric/asymmetric port designs and even-odd mode analysis to provide specific scattering
The document discusses electromagnetic waves and transmission lines. It defines that electromagnetic waves propagate in dielectric mediums and are produced by accelerating electric charges. It also describes that in transverse electromagnetic waves, the electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to the direction of propagation. Additionally, it explains that transmission lines have distributed inductance, capacitance, resistance, and conductance per unit length which can be modeled as an equivalent circuit. The input impedance of a transmission line is dependent on the characteristic impedance and load impedance.
This document discusses the design and simulation of low noise amplifier (LNA) circuits with different matching circuit combinations at the input and output sides. It compares the performance of LNA circuits using 'T' and 'L' type matching networks. The circuits are simulated using Advanced Design System (ADS) software. Simulation results show that the T-L matching configuration provides better gain and noise figure than L-L, L-T, and T-T matching under stability conditions. Specifically, the T-L matching achieved a forward gain of 14.14 dB and noise figure of 1.81 dB, outperforming the other matching configurations. Stabilization circuits are also applied and analyzed.
The document describes the design of a low noise amplifier (LNA) circuit for a wireless local area network (WLAN) operating at 2.4 GHz. Key goals of the design are to improve noise figure and gain performance. A single-stage LNA circuit is proposed using an NMOS transistor with inductive source degeneration. Simulation results show the designed LNA achieves a forward gain of 18.8-19.2 dB and a noise figure of 1.986 dB, with over 28 dB of reverse isolation at 2.4 GHz. The document discusses various design considerations for the LNA including gain, nonlinearity, matching, noise, output voltage swing, and stability.
This document describes the design of a 5-band graphic equalizer circuit. It uses low-cost operational amplifiers to divide the audio spectrum into 5 frequency bands, each with an independent gain control. The circuit implements a multiple feedback bandpass filter topology for each band, with component values calculated using formulas provided. Proper component selection and power supply regulation are emphasized for noise reduction and stable performance.
This document discusses different types of digital-to-analog converters (DACs), including parallel DACs, improved resolution parallel DACs, and serial DACs. It describes voltage scaling DACs which use a resistor ladder network and charge scaling DACs which use a capacitor array. It also examines integral nonlinearity (INL) and differential nonlinearity (DNL) for these DAC types and provides examples of calculating resolution based on component tolerances.
A New Soft-Switched Resonant DC-DC ConverterIDES Editor
This paper presents a new soft-switched resonant dcdc
converter using a passive snubber circuit. The proposed
converter uses a new zero voltage and zero current switching
(ZVZCS) strategies to get ZVZCS function. Besides operating
at constant frequency, all semiconductor devices operate at
soft-switching without additional voltage and current stresses.
In order to validate the proposed converter, computer
simulations and experimental results were conducted. The
paper indicates the effective converter operation region of the
soft-switching action and its efficiency improvement results
on the basis of experimental evaluations using laboratory
prototype.
The document discusses different methods to solve assignment problems including enumeration, integer programming, transportation, and Hungarian methods. It provides examples of balanced and unbalanced minimization and maximization problems. The Hungarian method is described as having steps like row and column deduction, assigning zeros, and tick marking to find the optimal assignment with the minimum cost or maximum profit. A sample problem demonstrates converting a profit matrix to a relative cost matrix and using the Hungarian method to find the optimal solution.
DAM assignment - LPP formulation, Graphical solution and Simplex MethodNeha Kumar
The document describes a linear programming problem faced by a consumer products company. The company produces two sanitary napkin products, Product A and Product B, and must decide how many of each to produce to maximize profit. The objective is to maximize total profit subject to constraints on minimum production requirements, machine hours, and packaging hours. Solving the linear programming formulation reveals the optimal solution is to produce 300,000 units of Product A and 214,285 units of Product B for a maximum profit of $5,297,143.
1) The document proposes a DC-invariant gain control technique for CMOS variable-gain low-noise amplifiers (VG-LNAs). This technique provides constant DC bias current even when the RF power gain is tuned over the gain control range.
2) A differential cascoded amplifier topology is used for the VG-LNA circuit. A gain control circuit composed of MOS transistors is connected across the differential nodes to control gain while maintaining constant bias current.
3) A 0.18 μm CMOS VG-LNA implemented with this technique showed a constant 7.8±0.5 mA current from 1.5 V supply when tuning gain from 0 to 12.3 dB at 3
This document summarizes a 175μW 100MHz-2GHz inductorless receiver front-end in 65nm CMOS. It achieves over 17dB of gain from 100MHz to 2000MHz while consuming only 175μW from a 0.9V supply. The noise figure is 11dB and third-order intercept point is -16.8dBm. It uses a completely inductorless topology with a real input impedance of 300Ω achieved through current feedback in two stages, with a common gate stage at the input and common drain stage providing feedback current. The active area is just 0.017mm2, excluding pads.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
The document describes a modified Dickson charge pump design that reduces power consumption during input clock transitions. A PMOS transistor is added in series with each capacitor stage to increase the time constant, slowing the charge transfer. This reduces power from 340.5uW to 28.85uW at no load for the Dickson versus modified design. Output voltages are similar but slightly lower for the modified design. At 10MOhm and 40MOhm loads, power savings during transitions are also realized compared to the standard Dickson design while maintaining comparable output voltages. In conclusion, the modified design successfully reduces transition power consumption without significantly impacting output voltage.
This document analyzes the total harmonic distortion (THD) of 7, 9, and 11 level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverters using multicarrier pulse width modulation. The analysis found that THD in the output voltage decreases and output voltage increases with more levels. Simulations in MATLAB/Simulink showed that an 11-level inverter had the lowest THD at 11.1%, while a 7-level inverter had the highest THD at 24.64%. More levels therefore better reduced the harmonic distortion.
This document summarizes a research paper about using an algorithm and dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) to mitigate voltage sags in power systems. It begins with an abstract that describes focusing on using a DVR with an algorithm to control static series compensators without time delay using p-q-r coordinate transformation. It then provides background on voltage sags and defines them. The main body describes the structure and operating principle of a DVR system, including using a rectifier, inverter, filter and PWM control. It presents the mathematical model for calculating voltage sags based on source and fault impedances. The conclusion is that the DVR injects the missing voltage to maintain the load voltage during sags.
Freq response of CE and CC discrete circuitsJavaria Haseeb
The document discusses frequency response and how capacitors affect an amplifier's response. It notes that an ideal amplifier's gain should be independent of frequency, but in practice amplifiers only act linearly over a range of frequencies defined by lower (fL) and upper (fH) cut-off frequencies. Capacitors introduce poles that define these cut-off frequencies. The document examines how to determine which capacitors contribute to fL and fH by analyzing the circuit with different capacitor conditions. It also discusses the capacitive effects in transistors that contribute to the high-frequency response roll-off.
This document analyzes the dimensioning space of a parallel tuned integrated circuit amplifier that was previously designed and implemented. It begins by introducing the circuit topology being analyzed, which includes an output capacitor, bias inductor, and parallel resonator. Equations are then derived to calculate the admittances, load resistance, resonant frequency, and component values based on varying design parameters. Performance contours are shown for both an ideal resistive load and with ideal low-pass and high-pass matching networks. The maximum efficiency increased from 77% to 81% with matching networks, while maximum output power increased from 4.1W to 4.9W.
This document describes a novel transimpedance amplifier with variable gain. It proposes a new topology using only three active devices and no passive components. Simulations show it achieves comparable noise, bandwidth, and input impedance as a conventional design using 30uW power. Its transimpedance gain can be varied from 68dB to 78dB by adjusting a control voltage, allowing for a 10dB range of programmability. The proposed design occupies less layout space and is well-suited for applications requiring many sensors.
This document discusses transmission line theory and equations. It begins by introducing microwave frequencies and transmission lines. It then derives the transmission line equations that relate the voltage and current along the line to the line's per unit length resistance, inductance, conductance, and capacitance. These equations include the characteristic impedance and propagation constant. The document discusses how waves propagate on lossless transmission lines and the behavior of waves when the line is terminated by an impedance, including definitions of reflection coefficient and power flow.
This document discusses Matlab/Simulink implementation for reducing motor derating and torque pulsation of an induction motor using a matrix converter. It provides background on how non-sinusoidal supply from traditional inverters causes harmonic losses and torque pulsation in induction motors. The document summarizes simulation results showing that a matrix converter can provide a pure sinusoidal supply, reducing harmonic losses and torque pulsation. Simulations of a matrix converter driving an induction motor in Matlab/Simulink are presented, showing sinusoidal voltage/current waveforms and reduced torque pulsation at steady state.
A Comparison Of Vlsi Interconnect Modelshappybhatia
The document presents a comparative study of delay analysis for carbon nanotube and copper based VLSI interconnect models. It analyzes the performance of CNT and copper interconnects using analytical delay estimation techniques like the driver interconnect load model, modified nodal analysis, and the unified time delay model. Simulation results show that CNT bundle interconnects provide significant delay improvement over copper interconnects for certain parameters like repeater sizing and pitch ratio.
1) Adding a small series resistor to the output of the GX414 and GX424 video crosspoint switches can compensate for their natural frequency peaking above 1 MHz.
2) The value of the resistor needed is calculated based on the output impedance model and load capacitance to achieve a flat frequency response up to 80 MHz.
3) Computer simulations using an accurate PSpice model of the switches can also be used to design compensation networks for different system configurations.
1. Power dividers are microwave components that divide input power between output ports. Common types include T-junction, Wilkinson, and multi-section broadband dividers. T-junction dividers can be lossless or lossy. Wilkinson dividers provide isolation between output ports.
2. Directional couplers are 4-port networks that divide power between through and coupled ports. They use quarter-wave length lines and even-odd mode analysis. Voltage ratios define coupling factors. Multisection designs provide broadband operation.
3. Hybrids like the quadrature and ring hybrids are 90 or 180 degree hybrids based on symmetric/asymmetric port designs and even-odd mode analysis to provide specific scattering
The document discusses electromagnetic waves and transmission lines. It defines that electromagnetic waves propagate in dielectric mediums and are produced by accelerating electric charges. It also describes that in transverse electromagnetic waves, the electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to the direction of propagation. Additionally, it explains that transmission lines have distributed inductance, capacitance, resistance, and conductance per unit length which can be modeled as an equivalent circuit. The input impedance of a transmission line is dependent on the characteristic impedance and load impedance.
This document discusses the design and simulation of low noise amplifier (LNA) circuits with different matching circuit combinations at the input and output sides. It compares the performance of LNA circuits using 'T' and 'L' type matching networks. The circuits are simulated using Advanced Design System (ADS) software. Simulation results show that the T-L matching configuration provides better gain and noise figure than L-L, L-T, and T-T matching under stability conditions. Specifically, the T-L matching achieved a forward gain of 14.14 dB and noise figure of 1.81 dB, outperforming the other matching configurations. Stabilization circuits are also applied and analyzed.
The document describes the design of a low noise amplifier (LNA) circuit for a wireless local area network (WLAN) operating at 2.4 GHz. Key goals of the design are to improve noise figure and gain performance. A single-stage LNA circuit is proposed using an NMOS transistor with inductive source degeneration. Simulation results show the designed LNA achieves a forward gain of 18.8-19.2 dB and a noise figure of 1.986 dB, with over 28 dB of reverse isolation at 2.4 GHz. The document discusses various design considerations for the LNA including gain, nonlinearity, matching, noise, output voltage swing, and stability.
This document describes the design of a 5-band graphic equalizer circuit. It uses low-cost operational amplifiers to divide the audio spectrum into 5 frequency bands, each with an independent gain control. The circuit implements a multiple feedback bandpass filter topology for each band, with component values calculated using formulas provided. Proper component selection and power supply regulation are emphasized for noise reduction and stable performance.
This document discusses different types of digital-to-analog converters (DACs), including parallel DACs, improved resolution parallel DACs, and serial DACs. It describes voltage scaling DACs which use a resistor ladder network and charge scaling DACs which use a capacitor array. It also examines integral nonlinearity (INL) and differential nonlinearity (DNL) for these DAC types and provides examples of calculating resolution based on component tolerances.
A New Soft-Switched Resonant DC-DC ConverterIDES Editor
This paper presents a new soft-switched resonant dcdc
converter using a passive snubber circuit. The proposed
converter uses a new zero voltage and zero current switching
(ZVZCS) strategies to get ZVZCS function. Besides operating
at constant frequency, all semiconductor devices operate at
soft-switching without additional voltage and current stresses.
In order to validate the proposed converter, computer
simulations and experimental results were conducted. The
paper indicates the effective converter operation region of the
soft-switching action and its efficiency improvement results
on the basis of experimental evaluations using laboratory
prototype.
The document discusses different methods to solve assignment problems including enumeration, integer programming, transportation, and Hungarian methods. It provides examples of balanced and unbalanced minimization and maximization problems. The Hungarian method is described as having steps like row and column deduction, assigning zeros, and tick marking to find the optimal assignment with the minimum cost or maximum profit. A sample problem demonstrates converting a profit matrix to a relative cost matrix and using the Hungarian method to find the optimal solution.
DAM assignment - LPP formulation, Graphical solution and Simplex MethodNeha Kumar
The document describes a linear programming problem faced by a consumer products company. The company produces two sanitary napkin products, Product A and Product B, and must decide how many of each to produce to maximize profit. The objective is to maximize total profit subject to constraints on minimum production requirements, machine hours, and packaging hours. Solving the linear programming formulation reveals the optimal solution is to produce 300,000 units of Product A and 214,285 units of Product B for a maximum profit of $5,297,143.
The document discusses the graphical method for solving linear programming problems (LPP), noting that the feasible region must be convex and the optimal solution occurs at an extreme point; it also outlines different cases for the solution such as it being unique and finite, unbounded, having multiple solutions, being infeasible, or having a unique feasible point. The cases discussed include problems having a unique, finite optimal solution; an unbounded feasible region where the objective continues increasing; multiple optimal solutions along a parallel constraint; an infeasible feasible region due to inconsistent constraints; and a single feasible point occurring when constraints equal variables.
The document describes the graphical method for solving linear programming problems with two decision variables. It provides the step-by-step procedure which involves plotting the constraints on a graph to identify the feasible region, determining the corner points of this region which represent the feasible solutions, substituting these points into the objective function to find the optimal value, and identifying the optimal solution. It then provides examples demonstrating this process and different types of solutions that can arise such as unbounded, infeasible, and optimal.
This document describes a microcontroller-based automatic irrigation system. It consists of a soil moisture sensor to detect moisture levels, a comparator circuit to analyze the sensor readings, an ATmega328 microcontroller to control the system, and a solenoid valve and relay circuit to regulate water flow. The system automatically monitors soil moisture and operates the valve to optimize irrigation based on moisture thresholds, reducing water use and labor compared to manual systems.
Linear programming - Model formulation, Graphical MethodJoseph Konnully
The document discusses linear programming, including an overview of the topic, model formulation, graphical solutions, and irregular problem types. It provides examples to demonstrate how to set up linear programming models for maximization and minimization problems, interpret feasible and optimal solution regions graphically, and address multiple optimal solutions, infeasible solutions, and unbounded solutions. The examples aid in understanding the key steps and components of linear programming models.
This document proposes a novel structure to improve the common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of circuits like current buffers and folded cascode amplifiers. The proposed structure uses only four transistors and a current source to deviate common mode signals without affecting differential mode signals. This improves the CMRR by at least 12dB while preserving the CMRR bandwidth, which is a novel technique. The structure was applied to both a current buffer and folded cascode amplifier based on simulation results, demonstrating its effectiveness in improving CMRR.
Improving PSRR and CMRR in Fully Differential AmplifiersTsuyoshi Horigome
This document discusses techniques for improving power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) and common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) in fully differential amplifiers. It describes how external components like mismatched gain-setting resistors can degrade PSRR and CMRR performance. The role of the bypass capacitor in improving PSRR is explained, with up to a 20dB improvement when a 0.1-1uF capacitor is used. Finally, layout techniques like symmetrical component placement and minimizing trace lengths are recommended to boost CMRR and PSRR.
This document provides an overview of advanced power system protection topics including differential protection, busbar protection, linear couplers, and pilot wire protection.
It discusses the principles and applications of differential protection including Merz-Price and balanced voltage schemes. It also covers special considerations for differential protection such as phase shift, tap changing transformers, and inrush current.
The document then summarizes busbar protection and how it uses a pure earth fault system to measure fault current flowing from the switchgear to earth. Finally, it examines linear couplers and how they are used in differential protection systems as well as the performance of pilot wire protection schemes that can employ either balanced voltage or circulating current principles.
Memristors and their potential applications 2012Md Kafiul Islam
Memristor (Memory-Resistor) which is a 4th basic passive electrical circuit element after resistor, capacitor and inductor, initially proposed by Dr Leon Chua back in 1971, has a promising future in electronics. The potential applications of the use of memristor in different circuits, both analog and digital, have made researchers to think of this device in many applications. This is a literature review of some of the potential applications proposed by the researchers.
Design of Ota-C Filter for Biomedical ApplicationsIOSR Journals
This document describes the design of an OTA-C filter for biomedical applications such as ECG signals. A fifth-order low pass Chebyshev filter with a cutoff frequency of 300Hz and power dissipation of 779nW was designed using a 0.18um CMOS process. Simulation results showed a gain of 22.5dB and CMRR of 93dB. The fully differential OTA-C filter provides higher common mode rejection and dynamic range compared to single-ended designs, while operating transistors in the sub-threshold region reduces power consumption. The proposed filter is suitable for low power portable biomedical applications.
Presentation_ON-CHIP CURRENT SENSING TECHNIQUE FOR CMOS MONOLITHIC SWITCH-MOD...Manmeet Singh
This document discusses current sensing techniques for CMOS monolithic switch-mode power converters. It begins with an overview of why current sensing is needed for control schemes like current-mode PWM. It then reviews six common current sensing methods: using a sense resistor, sensing the MOSFET RDS, filtering the inductor voltage, sensorless/observer approaches, averaging current, and using current transformers. The document focuses on the SENSEFET technique, describing how it uses a small "sense MOSFET" in parallel with the power MOSFET to mirror the current. Design considerations for current-mode buck converters are also covered, such as pole-zero cancellation compensation and avoiding subharmonic oscillations.
The document discusses transistor frequency response. It begins by explaining how capacitive elements affect frequency response at low and high frequencies. It then covers topics like natural logarithms, semi-log graphs, decibels, and how gain is expressed in decibels. General considerations for frequency response like cutoff frequencies are described. The effects of capacitors like CC, CE and CS on low frequency response are analyzed. Similar analyses are provided for low frequency response in BJT and FET amplifiers.
Design of Two CMOS Differential Amplifiersbastrikov
High performance, 0.6u process CMOS differential amplifiers were designed in Cadence. Design specifications included differential gain, 3-db bandwidth, output swing, input common mode range, phase margin, total static power consumption, slew rate, and common mode rejection ratio.
This document analyzes two current-mode instrumentation amplifier topologies using a non-ideal current conveyor model. It finds that the three current conveyor topology achieves a significantly higher common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) than the two conveyor topology. Specifically:
- The three conveyor design effectively doubles the differential gain while greatly reducing the common-mode gain, leading to a large CMRR increase of over 66 dB compared to the two conveyor design.
- In the three conveyor topology, the third conveyor inverts one of the input currents, causing the common-mode current through the load resistor to be the difference between two small offset currents rather than their sum as in the two convey
1. WCDMA uses BPSK in the uplink and QPSK in the downlink. Pulse shaping uses RRC (Root-Raised-Cosine) to prevent inter-symbol interference caused by group delay variations during wireless transmission.
2. Pulse shaping is introduced to eliminate noise and facilitate demodulation. WCDMA uses the RRC filter, whose time domain shape is the famous Broadcom logo sinc function.
3. LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink and OFDMA in the downlink. OFDM more efficiently uses bandwidth and can accommodate more users. Each OFDM sub-carrier is the Broadcom logo sinc function, with all sub-carriers being orthogonal called
A novel single switch resonant power converterSameer Kasba
This deals with the novel single-switch resonant power converter for renewable energy generation applications. This circuit topology integrates a novel single switch resonant inverter with zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) with an energyblocking diode with zero-current-switching (ZCS).
Compact low power high slew-rate cmos buffer amplifier with power gating tech...VLSICS Design
A qualitative analysis of different parameters such as Phase noise, Slew rate and tranconductance by using
power gating reduction technique is presented. The circuit achieves the large driving capability by
employing simple comparators to sense the transients of the input to turn on the output stages, which are
statically off in the stable state. The effect of the different number of transistors and their topologies on the
phase noise and Slew rate is analyzed. Good agreement between qualitative and quantitative measurements
is observed. Scope of reducing of Noise and avoidance of Leakage due to various sources is discussed.
Electronics and Communication Engineering is the Branch of Engineering. Electronics and Communication Engineering field requires an understanding of core areas including Engineering Graphics, Computer Programming,Electronics Devices and Circuits-I, Network Analysis, Signals and Systems, Communication Systems, Electromagnetics Engineering, Digital Signal Processing, Embedded Systems, Microprocessor and Computer Architecture. Ekeeda offers Online Mechanical Engineering Courses for all the Subjects as per the Syllabus. Visit : https://ekeeda.com/streamdetails/stream/Electronics-and-Communication-Engineering
Design of a Low Noise Amplifier using 0.18μm CMOS technologytheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
1) The document discusses different types of transistor amplifier circuits including single-stage, multistage, and power amplifiers. It describes biasing, coupling methods, and classes of operation for power amplifiers.
2) R-C coupling is commonly used in audio amplifiers but has poor frequency response at low and high frequencies. Transformer coupling provides good impedance matching for RF amplifiers.
3) A differential amplifier amplifies the difference between its two input signals and is an important component in operational amplifiers. It can be operated in differential, common, or single-ended input modes.
DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF ULTRA LOW POWER 6T SRAM USING ADIABATIC TE...VLSICS Design
Power consumption has become a critical concern in both high performance and portable applications. Methods for power reduction based on the application of adiabatic techniques to CMOS circuits have recently come under renewed investigation. In thermodynamics, an adiabatic energy transfer through a dissipative medium is one in which losses are made arbitrarily small by causing the transfer to occur sufficiently slowly. In this work adiabatic technique is used for reduction of average power
dissipation. Simulation of 6T SRAM cell has been done for 180nm CMOS technology. It shows that average power dissipation is reduced up to 75% using adiabatic technique and also shows the effect on static noise margin.
This document describes the design of a high-speed ΣΔ analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for a software defined radio system operating at GHz frequencies. Key aspects of the design include:
1) It is a current-driven, first-order ΣΔ loop ADC with integrated feedback and no operational amplifiers, yielding signal-to-noise ratios of 76.5 dB for 3-bit and 82.5 dB for 4-bit versions.
2) Noise shaping from the ΣΔ architecture allows higher sampling rates to push more quantization noise outside the signal bandwidth, improving SNR.
3) The design uses dumping capacitors to store input and feedback currents during integration, minimizing
1) The document presents calculations to determine the per-unit-length parameters (capacitance C, inductance L, conductance G, and resistance R) of a coaxial cable transmission line.
2) It is shown that for a coaxial cable, the capacitance per unit length is given by C = 2πε0εr/ln(b/a) and the inductance per unit length is given by L = μ0μr/2πln(b/a), where a and b are the inner and outer radii.
3) Expressions are also derived for the conductance per unit length G = 2πσ/ln(b/a) and resistance per unit
POWER SYSTEM SIMULATION LAB-1 MANUAL (ELECTRICAL - POWER SYSTEM ENGINEERING )Mathankumar S
This document discusses the computation of parameters for single and double circuit transmission lines. It provides the theoretical background on line parameters such as resistance, inductance, capacitance. Formulas are given for calculating inductance and capacitance based on the geometric mean distance and radius for different conductor arrangements including single circuit, three phase symmetrical, asymmetrical transposed lines and double circuit transposed lines. Sample exercises are given to calculate the inductance and capacitance of given transmission line configurations and verify the results using software.
Chapter 2 passive components, resonators and impedance matchingkiên lý
This document is a chapter from a textbook on electronic circuits for communication written by Dr. Cuong Huynh from the Telecommunications Department at HCMUT. The chapter discusses passive components, resonators, and impedance matching. It covers the high frequency characteristics of passive components like resistors, capacitors, and inductors. It also discusses series and parallel RLC resonator circuits and their quality factors. Impedance transformations between series and parallel circuits are described while maintaining the same quality factor value.
Similar to Differential Amplifiers in Bioimpedance Measurement Systems: A Comparison Based on CMRR (20)
Power System State Estimation - A ReviewIDES Editor
This document provides a review of power system state estimation techniques. It discusses both static and dynamic state estimation algorithms. For static state estimation, it covers weighted least squares, decoupled, and robust estimation methods. Weighted least squares is commonly used but can have numerical instability issues. Decoupled state estimation approximates the gain matrix for faster computation. Robust estimation uses M-estimators and other techniques to handle outliers and bad data. Dynamic state estimation applies Kalman filtering, leapfrog algorithms, and other methods to continuously monitor system states over time.
Artificial Intelligence Technique based Reactive Power Planning Incorporating...IDES Editor
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using artificial intelligence techniques and FACTS controllers for reactive power planning in real-time power transmission systems. The paper formulates the reactive power planning problem and incorporates flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices like static VAR compensators (SVC), thyristor controlled series capacitors (TCSC), and unified power flow controllers (UPFC). Evolutionary algorithms like evolutionary programming (EP) and differential evolution (DE) are applied to find the optimal locations and settings of the FACTS controllers to minimize losses and costs. Simulation results on IEEE 30-bus and 72-bus Indian test systems show that UPFC performs best in reducing losses compared to SVC and TCSC.
Design and Performance Analysis of Genetic based PID-PSS with SVC in a Multi-...IDES Editor
Damping of power system oscillations with the help
of proposed optimal Proportional Integral Derivative Power
System Stabilizer (PID-PSS) and Static Var Compensator
(SVC)-based controllers are thoroughly investigated in this
paper. This study presents robust tuning of PID-PSS and
SVC-based controllers using Genetic Algorithms (GA) in
multi machine power systems by considering detailed model
of the generators (model 1.1). The effectiveness of FACTSbased
controllers in general and SVC-based controller in
particular depends upon their proper location. Modal
controllability and observability are used to locate SVC–based
controller. The performance of the proposed controllers is
compared with conventional lead-lag power system stabilizer
(CPSS) and demonstrated on 10 machines, 39 bus New England
test system. Simulation studies show that the proposed genetic
based PID-PSS with SVC based controller provides better
performance.
Optimal Placement of DG for Loss Reduction and Voltage Sag Mitigation in Radi...IDES Editor
This paper presents the need to operate the power
system economically and with optimum levels of voltages has
further led to an increase in interest in Distributed
Generation. In order to reduce the power losses and to improve
the voltage in the distribution system, distributed generators
(DGs) are connected to load bus. To reduce the total power
losses in the system, the most important process is to identify
the proper location for fixing and sizing of DGs. It presents a
new methodology using a new population based meta heuristic
approach namely Artificial Bee Colony algorithm(ABC) for
the placement of Distributed Generators(DG) in the radial
distribution systems to reduce the real power losses and to
improve the voltage profile, voltage sag mitigation. The power
loss reduction is important factor for utility companies because
it is directly proportional to the company benefits in a
competitive electricity market, while reaching the better power
quality standards is too important as it has vital effect on
customer orientation. In this paper an ABC algorithm is
developed to gain these goals all together. In order to evaluate
sag mitigation capability of the proposed algorithm, voltage
in voltage sensitive buses is investigated. An existing 20KV
network has been chosen as test network and results are
compared with the proposed method in the radial distribution
system.
Line Losses in the 14-Bus Power System Network using UPFCIDES Editor
Controlling power flow in modern power systems
can be made more flexible by the use of recent developments
in power electronic and computing control technology. The
Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is a Flexible AC
transmission system (FACTS) device that can control all the
three system variables namely line reactance, magnitude and
phase angle difference of voltage across the line. The UPFC
provides a promising means to control power flow in modern
power systems. Essentially the performance depends on proper
control setting achievable through a power flow analysis
program. This paper presents a reliable method to meet the
requirements by developing a Newton-Raphson based load
flow calculation through which control settings of UPFC can
be determined for the pre-specified power flow between the
lines. The proposed method keeps Newton-Raphson Load Flow
(NRLF) algorithm intact and needs (little modification in the
Jacobian matrix). A MATLAB program has been developed to
calculate the control settings of UPFC and the power flow
between the lines after the load flow is converged. Case studies
have been performed on IEEE 5-bus system and 14-bus system
to show that the proposed method is effective. These studies
indicate that the method maintains the basic NRLF properties
such as fast computational speed, high degree of accuracy and
good convergence rate.
Study of Structural Behaviour of Gravity Dam with Various Features of Gallery...IDES Editor
The size and shape of opening in dam causes the
stress concentration, it also causes the stress variation in the
rest of the dam cross section. The gravity method of the analysis
does not consider the size of opening and the elastic property
of dam material. Thus the objective of study is comprises of
the Finite Element Method which considers the size of
opening, elastic property of material, and stress distribution
because of geometric discontinuity in cross section of dam.
Stress concentration inside the dam increases with the opening
in dam which results in the failure of dam. Hence it is
necessary to analyses large opening inside the dam. By making
the percentage area of opening constant and varying size and
shape of opening the analysis is carried out. For this purpose
a section of Koyna Dam is considered. Dam is defined as a
plane strain element in FEM, based on geometry and loading
condition. Thus this available information specified our path
of approach to carry out 2D plane strain analysis. The results
obtained are then compared mutually to get most efficient
way of providing large opening in the gravity dam.
Assessing Uncertainty of Pushover Analysis to Geometric ModelingIDES Editor
Pushover Analysis a popular tool for seismic
performance evaluation of existing and new structures and is
nonlinear Static procedure where in monotonically increasing
loads are applied to the structure till the structure is unable
to resist the further load .During the analysis, whatever the
strength of concrete and steel is adopted for analysis of
structure may not be the same when real structure is
constructed and the pushover analysis results are very sensitive
to material model adopted, geometric model adopted, location
of plastic hinges and in general to procedure followed by the
analyzer. In this paper attempt has been made to assess
uncertainty in pushover analysis results by considering user
defined hinges and frame modeled as bare frame and frame
with slab modeled as rigid diaphragm and results compared
with experimental observations. Uncertain parameters
considered includes the strength of concrete, strength of steel
and cover to the reinforcement which are randomly generated
and incorporated into the analysis. The results are then
compared with experimental observations.
Secure Multi-Party Negotiation: An Analysis for Electronic Payments in Mobile...IDES Editor
This document summarizes and analyzes secure multi-party negotiation protocols for electronic payments in mobile computing. It presents a framework for secure multi-party decision protocols using lightweight implementations. The main focus is on synchronizing security features to avoid agreement manipulation and reduce user traffic. The paper describes negotiation between an auctioneer and bidders, showing multiparty security is better than existing systems. It analyzes the performance of encryption algorithms like ECC, XTR, and RSA for use in the multiparty negotiation protocols.
Selfish Node Isolation & Incentivation using Progressive ThresholdsIDES Editor
The problems associated with selfish nodes in
MANET are addressed by a collaborative watchdog approach
which reduces the detection time for selfish nodes thereby
improves the performance and accuracy of watchdogs[1]. In
the related works they make use of credit based systems, reputation
based mechanisms, pathrater and watchdog mechanism
to detect such selfish nodes. In this paper we follow an approach
of collaborative watchdog which reduces the detection
time for selfish nodes and also involves the removal of such
selfish nodes based on some progressively assessed thresholds.
The threshold gives the nodes a chance to stop misbehaving
before it is permanently deleted from the network.
The node passes through several isolation processes before it
is permanently removed. Another version of AODV protocol
is used here which allows the simulation of selfish nodes in
NS2 by adding or modifying log files in the protocol.
Various OSI Layer Attacks and Countermeasure to Enhance the Performance of WS...IDES Editor
Wireless sensor networks are networks having non
wired infrastructure and dynamic topology. In OSI model each
layer is prone to various attacks, which halts the performance
of a network .In this paper several attacks on four layers of
OSI model are discussed and security mechanism is described
to prevent attack in network layer i.e wormhole attack. In
Wormhole attack two or more malicious nodes makes a covert
channel which attracts the traffic towards itself by depicting a
low latency link and then start dropping and replaying packets
in the multi-path route. This paper proposes promiscuous mode
method to detect and isolate the malicious node during
wormhole attack by using Ad-hoc on demand distance vector
routing protocol (AODV) with omnidirectional antenna. The
methodology implemented notifies that the nodes which are
not participating in multi-path routing generates an alarm
message during delay and then detects and isolate the
malicious node from network. We also notice that not only
the same kind of attacks but also the same kind of
countermeasures can appear in multiple layer. For example,
misbehavior detection techniques can be applied to almost all
the layers we discussed.
Responsive Parameter based an AntiWorm Approach to Prevent Wormhole Attack in...IDES Editor
The recent advancements in the wireless technology
and their wide-spread deployment have made remarkable
enhancements in efficiency in the corporate and industrial
and Military sectors The increasing popularity and usage of
wireless technology is creating a need for more secure wireless
Ad hoc networks. This paper aims researched and developed
a new protocol that prevents wormhole attacks on a ad hoc
network. A few existing protocols detect wormhole attacks but
they require highly specialized equipment not found on most
wireless devices. This paper aims to develop a defense against
wormhole attacks as an Anti-worm protocol which is based on
responsive parameters, that does not require as a significant
amount of specialized equipment, trick clock synchronization,
no GPS dependencies.
Cloud Security and Data Integrity with Client Accountability FrameworkIDES Editor
This document summarizes a proposed cloud security and data integrity framework that provides client accountability. The framework aims to address issues like lack of user control over cloud data, need for data transparency and tracking, and ensuring data integrity. It proposes using JAR (Java Archive) files for data sharing due to benefits like portability. The framework incorporates client-side verification using MD5 hashing, digital signature-based authentication of JAR files, and use of HMAC to ensure data integrity. It also uses password-based encryption of log files to keep them tamper-proof. The framework is intended to provide both accountability and security for data sharing in cloud environments.
Genetic Algorithm based Layered Detection and Defense of HTTP BotnetIDES Editor
A System state in HTTP botnet uses HTTP protocol
for the creation of chain of Botnets thereby compromising
other systems. By using HTTP protocol and port number 80,
attacks can not only be hidden but also pass through the
firewall without being detected. The DPR based detection
leads to better analysis of botnet attacks [3]. However, it
provides only probabilistic detection of the attacker and also
time consuming and error prone. This paper proposes a Genetic
algorithm based layered approach for detecting as well as
preventing botnet attacks. The paper reviews p2p firewall
implementation which forms the basis of filtering.
Performance evaluation is done based on precision, F-value
and probability. Layered approach reduces the computation
and overall time requirement [7]. Genetic algorithm promises
a low false positive rate.
Enhancing Data Storage Security in Cloud Computing Through SteganographyIDES Editor
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a method for enhancing data security in cloud computing through steganography. The method hides user data in digital images stored on cloud servers. When data needs to be accessed, it is extracted from the images. The document outlines the cloud architecture and security issues addressed. It then describes the proposed system architecture, security model, and data storage and retrieval process. Data is partitioned and hidden in multiple images to improve security. The goal is to prevent unauthorized access to user data stored on cloud servers.
The main tasks of a Wireless Sensor Network
(WSN) are data collection from its nodes and communication
of this data to the base station (BS). The protocols used for
communication among the WSN nodes and between the WSN
and the BS, must consider the resource constraints of nodes,
battery energy, computational capabilities and memory. The
WSN applications involve unattended operation of the network
over an extended period of time. In order to extend the lifetime
of a WSN, efficient routing protocols need to be adopted. The
proposed low power routing protocol based on tree-based
network structure reliably forwards the measured data towards
the BS using TDMA. An energy consumption analysis of the
WSN making use of this protocol is also carried out. It is
found that the network is energy efficient with an average
duty cycle of 0:7% for the WSN nodes. The OmNET++
simulation platform along with MiXiM framework is made
use of.
Permutation of Pixels within the Shares of Visual Cryptography using KBRP for...IDES Editor
The security of authentication of internet based
co-banking services should not be susceptible to high risks.
The passwords are highly vulnerable to virus attacks due to
the lack of high end embedding of security methods. In order
for the passwords to be more secure, people are generally
compelled to select jumbled up character based passwords
which are not only less memorable but are also equally prone
to insecurity. Multiple use of distributed shares has been
studied to solve the problem of authentication by algorithms
based on thresholding of pixels in image processing and visual
cryptography concepts where the subset of shares is considered
for the recovery of the original image for authentication using
correlation function[1][2].The main disadvantage in the above
study is the plain storage of shares and also one of the shares
is being supplied to the customer, which will lead to the
possibility of misuse by a third party. This paper proposes a
technique for scrambling of pixels by key based random
permutation (KBRP) within the shares before the
authentication has been attempted. Total number of shares to
be created is dependent on the multiplicity of ownership of
the account. By this method the problem of uncertainty among
the customers with regard to security, storage, retrieval of
holding of half of the shares is minimized.
This paper presents a trifocal Rotman Lens Design
approach. The effects of focal ratio and element spacing on
the performance of Rotman Lens are described. A three beam
prototype feeding 4 element antenna array working in L-band
has been simulated using RLD v1.7 software. Simulated
results show that the simulated lens has a return loss of –
12.4dB at 1.8GHz. Beam to array port phase error variation
with change in the focal ratio and element spacing has also
been investigated.
Band Clustering for the Lossless Compression of AVIRIS Hyperspectral ImagesIDES Editor
Hyperspectral images can be efficiently compressed
through a linear predictive model, as for example the one
used in the SLSQ algorithm. In this paper we exploit this
predictive model on the AVIRIS images by individuating,
through an off-line approach, a common subset of bands, which
are not spectrally related with any other bands. These bands
are not useful as prediction reference for the SLSQ 3-D
predictive model and we need to encode them via other
prediction strategies which consider only spatial correlation.
We have obtained this subset by clustering the AVIRIS bands
via the clustering by compression approach. The main result
of this paper is the list of the bands, not related with the
others, for AVIRIS images. The clustering trees obtained for
AVIRIS and the relationship among bands they depict is also
an interesting starting point for future research.
Microelectronic Circuit Analogous to Hydrogen Bonding Network in Active Site ...IDES Editor
A microelectronic circuit of block-elements
functionally analogous to two hydrogen bonding networks is
investigated. The hydrogen bonding networks are extracted
from â-lactamase protein and are formed in its active site.
Each hydrogen bond of the network is described in equivalent
electrical circuit by three or four-terminal block-element.
Each block-element is coded in Matlab. Static and dynamic
analyses are performed. The resultant microelectronic circuit
analogous to the hydrogen bonding network operates as
current mirror, sine pulse source, triangular pulse source as
well as signal modulator.
Texture Unit based Monocular Real-world Scene Classification using SOM and KN...IDES Editor
In this paper a method is proposed to discriminate
real world scenes in to natural and manmade scenes of similar
depth. Global-roughness of a scene image varies as a function
of image-depth. Increase in image depth leads to increase in
roughness in manmade scenes; on the contrary natural scenes
exhibit smooth behavior at higher image depth. This particular
arrangement of pixels in scene structure can be well explained
by local texture information in a pixel and its neighborhood.
Our proposed method analyses local texture information of a
scene image using texture unit matrix. For final classification
we have used both supervised and unsupervised learning using
K-Nearest Neighbor classifier (KNN) and Self Organizing
Map (SOM) respectively. This technique is useful for online
classification due to very less computational complexity.
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
Webinar: Designing a schema for a Data WarehouseFederico Razzoli
Are you new to data warehouses (DWH)? Do you need to check whether your data warehouse follows the best practices for a good design? In both cases, this webinar is for you.
A data warehouse is a central relational database that contains all measurements about a business or an organisation. This data comes from a variety of heterogeneous data sources, which includes databases of any type that back the applications used by the company, data files exported by some applications, or APIs provided by internal or external services.
But designing a data warehouse correctly is a hard task, which requires gathering information about the business processes that need to be analysed in the first place. These processes must be translated into so-called star schemas, which means, denormalised databases where each table represents a dimension or facts.
We will discuss these topics:
- How to gather information about a business;
- Understanding dictionaries and how to identify business entities;
- Dimensions and facts;
- Setting a table granularity;
- Types of facts;
- Types of dimensions;
- Snowflakes and how to avoid them;
- Expanding existing dimensions and facts.
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
Project Management Semester Long Project - Acuityjpupo2018
Acuity is an innovative learning app designed to transform the way you engage with knowledge. Powered by AI technology, Acuity takes complex topics and distills them into concise, interactive summaries that are easy to read & understand. Whether you're exploring the depths of quantum mechanics or seeking insight into historical events, Acuity provides the key information you need without the burden of lengthy texts.