Topic of Sociology, Crime and Deviance, Norms and Crime/Deviance, Introduction, Legally Deviant Behavior, Illegally Deviant Behavior, Criminal Behavior, Reasons People Commit Crimes and deviance, Deviance and crime, Group deviance, Three views of deviance, Biological, Psychological, Sociological, Structural-Functionalist Perspectives, Reinforcement theories, Differential association theory, Social conflict perspectives, Symbolic integrationists perspectives, Labeling theory, William Chambliss Experiment, Experiment by D.L Rosenhan, Crime, Crime Classification, Types of Crime, How is crime reported?, Recording Crime, Measures of crime, CRIME AND GENDER, CRIME AND AGE, ETHNIC GROUP/ETHNICITY, INSTITUTIONAL RACISM, Crime And Ethnicity, Crime And Social Class, Occupational Crime, Professional Crime Corporate Crime, Computer Crime, The criminal justice system, Police Duties, The criminal justice system, Justifications of punishment, Retributive justice, Social control
Topic of Sociology, Crime and Deviance, Norms and Crime/Deviance, Introduction, Legally Deviant Behavior, Illegally Deviant Behavior, Criminal Behavior, Reasons People Commit Crimes and deviance, Deviance and crime, Group deviance, Three views of deviance, Biological, Psychological, Sociological, Structural-Functionalist Perspectives, Reinforcement theories, Differential association theory, Social conflict perspectives, Symbolic integrationists perspectives, Labeling theory, William Chambliss Experiment, Experiment by D.L Rosenhan, Crime, Crime Classification, Types of Crime, How is crime reported?, Recording Crime, Measures of crime, CRIME AND GENDER, CRIME AND AGE, ETHNIC GROUP/ETHNICITY, INSTITUTIONAL RACISM, Crime And Ethnicity, Crime And Social Class, Occupational Crime, Professional Crime Corporate Crime, Computer Crime, The criminal justice system, Police Duties, The criminal justice system, Justifications of punishment, Retributive justice, Social control
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Examines theories that attempt to explain the motivation for criminal behavior in order to help reduce recidivism and relapse among people with and without addictions in the criminal justice system
deviance is but one commonly understood issue.let us see what the presentation says.The truth about deviance has not been properly comprehended.Let us now get to the heart of the matter.deviance is not always bad and counter productive;though it may be the sake for the most part.Getting honest about the issue helps the learner to comprehend more the subject.
The video for this presentation is available on our Youtube channel:
https://youtube.com/allceuseducation A continuing education course for this presentation can be found at https://www.allceus.com/member/cart/index/index?c=
Unlimited Counseling CEUs for $59 https://www.allceus.com/
Specialty Certificate tracks (including criminal justice counseling professional) starting at $89 https://www.allceus.com/certificate-tracks/
Live Webinars $5/hour https://www.allceus.com/live-interactive-webinars/
Instagram: AllCEUs
Pinterest: drsnipes
Examines theories that attempt to explain the motivation for criminal behavior in order to help reduce recidivism and relapse among people with and without addictions in the criminal justice system
deviance is but one commonly understood issue.let us see what the presentation says.The truth about deviance has not been properly comprehended.Let us now get to the heart of the matter.deviance is not always bad and counter productive;though it may be the sake for the most part.Getting honest about the issue helps the learner to comprehend more the subject.
The members of the society, at a particular time and place, create and impose rules, regulations, values, norms and laws and other forms of social control to maintain peace and order, to promote harmonious relations, and to preserve the stability of the existing social order. However, there are members who transgress the rules, violate the laws, defy the existing values, rebel against the established social order, and disregard the prevailing social standards and expectations. These people are tagged as deviants and their defiance or transgression is considered as deviant behaviour.
As pointed out by sociologists, deviance is any behaviour that the members of a social group define as violating the established social norms. In other words, there must be a social audience that will determine whether a behaviour is deviant or not. Since norms are relative from one society to another, it follows that what is considered deviant in one society may not be considered as such in another.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
2.1 Is Morality Relative?
What is the issue?We have a wide range of different moral beliefs.Who’s to say who’s right?Maybe there are no “right answers” to questions of right and wrong.
Relavist: YesDescriptive claim: societies differ greatly in their moral beliefs.Claim about the nature of morality:
Morality is a set of rules.
Morality is taught.
No one can step outside of all moral systems to judge which is best.
Morality is a set of rulesLike baseball or etiquette.Rules are created, not discovered.Not natural but man-made.
Morality is taughtNot innate or instinctive.Our moral beliefs depend on our upbringing.Parents, society, peers.What would happen if children were not taught morality?
Can’t step outside all systemsLike judging rules of different games from the outside.Cannot objectively judge which is best.When we are appalled by the values of another society we are judging it by our own standards.
ProtagorasOne of the Sophists.Sophists could argue either side of an issue; no “right” answer.“Man is the measure of all things.”Judgments of right and good are relative to human interests.Each society sets its own standards.
Challenges to RelativistCan’t we judge some moral systems as wrong? (e.g. Nazi Germany)Is an individual who doesn’t conform to their society in the wrong?Is moral progress possible?Should we consider every individual’s moral beliefs equally valid? (moral relativism on the individual level)
Absolutist: NoWe may not know whether an action is right or wrong but we can be sure it’s not both at the same time.Relativism is incoherent.If there are moral truths, they are universal.
Universal vs. ExceptionlessUniversal: applies to everyone, regardless of culture, personal beliefs, or historical era.Exceptionless: a characteristic of a rule, applies under all circumstances, no exceptions.Absolutists can hold that moral truths are universal without being committed to exceptionless moral rules.
Example: PolygamyRight: traditional, respects natural inclinations, promotes strong families.Wrong: unfair, sexist, promotes jealousy.Could make a case either way but it can’t be both!
Objective vs. SubjectiveIf something is objective, it’s a matter of fact, not opinion (e.g., New Mexico is a state).If something is subjective, it is a matter of opinion (e.g., chocolate tastes good).An objective truth can be controversial; people may have different opinions about it. But there is still a fact of the matter.
PlatoThere are right and wrong answers to moral questions.Not just “might makes right” or majority rule.There are objective ideals (Forms) that can be discovered through reason.Allegory of the Cave.
Challenges to AbsolutistIf there are universal moral truths, why is there so much disagreement?Can’t two people disagree yet both be right? (subjective/objective)Is Absolutism compatible with tolerance?Where do these truths come from?
Chapter 22
Substance Abuse and Misuse as Community Health Problems
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Social Behavior and Inequalities Summary
Social Behavior and Inequalities Summary
Deviance
Deviance can be defined as an act that violates the rules of a group whether it be custom, law or moral code. Social groups create the rights and wrongs by originating norms, the infraction that constitutes deviance. In other words, nothing inherent in a particular act makes it deviant. Whether or not an act is determined to be deviant depends on how other people react to the act. Deviance can be a criminal or non‐criminal act. The sociological discipline that deals with crime is criminology. Americans consider such activities as alcoholism, excessive gambling, being nude in public places, playing with fire, stealing, lying, refusing to bathe, purchasing the services of prostitutes, and cross‐dressing to name only a few as deviant.
Social Perspectives
People who engage in deviant behavior are referred to as deviants. Sociologists who follow the functionalist approach argue that societies need a limited amount of crime, because crime is inevitable, and that crime performs three positive functions that consist of: regulation, integration and change. They view deviance as a key component of a functioning society. Strain theory, social disorganization theory, and cultural deviance theory represent three functionalist perspectives on deviance in society.
Akers (1991) Conflict theory looks to social and economic factors as the causes of crime and deviance. Unlike functionalists, conflict theorists don’t see these factors as positive functions of society. They see them as evidence of inequality in the system. They also challenge social disorganization theory and control theory and argue that both ignore racial and socioeconomic issues and oversimplify social trends. Conflict theorists also look for answers to the correlation of gender and race along with wealth and crime.
Symbolic interactionism is a theoretical approach that can be used to explain how societies and/or social groups come to view behaviors as deviant or conventional. Labeling theory, differential association, social disorganization theory, and control theory fall within the realm of symbolic interactionism.
Social Inequalities
Social inequality refers to disparities in the distribution of economic assets and income as well as between the overall quality and luxury of each person's existence within a society, while economic inequality is caused by the unequal accumulation of wealth; social inequality exists because of the lack of wealth in certain areas prohibits these people from obtaining the same types of housing, health care, education, and other luxuries as the wealthy. One cause of social inequalities is starting points in life. Williams (2011), According to Williams “The situation that each of us are born into. If you’re born into a family with wealth and assets, you get a head start”. In other words, your life is setup for you to succeed because you were raised by a fami.
Define the concepts of the prejudice phenomena: prejudice, racial prejudice, racism
Describe strategies to reduce racism
Discuss the following prejudices that are sustained as deep-seated ideologies: gender stereotyping, patriarchy and sexism, feminism and ideological change
Define the concept attitude
Explain the three important characteristics/aspects of attitude
Discuss how attitudes are formed
Discuss how attitudes can be changed through: persuasive communication, changing behaviour, changing ideology
Discuss the different social influences on attitude: group violence, crowds and violence