This document provides an overview of sculpture, including its various types and materials. It discusses free-standing, relief, light, and kinetic sculpture. It also describes different sculpting processes like modeling, carving, and piecing. A wide range of materials used in sculpture are outlined such as stone, metal, wood, clay, and others. Examples of sculpture from different time periods and world regions are briefly mentioned.

1. Sculpture

2. It is three-dimensionalartwork created by shaping or combining hard materials, typically stone such as marble, metal, glass, or wood, or plastic materials such as clay, textiles, polymers and softer metals.

3. Types of sculpture 1. Free-standing sculpture or round sculpture that has no background support. It is surrounded on all sides, except the base, by space. It is also known as sculpture "in the round", and is meant to be viewed from any angle.

4. The Dying Gaul", a Roman marble copy of a Hellenistic work of the late third century BCE Capitoline Museums, Rome

5. 2. Light sculpture Light sculpture is an intermedia and time based artform in which sculpture or any kind of art object produces light, or the reverse (in the sense that light is manipulated in such a way as to create a sculptural as opposed to temporal form or mass)

6. 3. RELIEF ThIS sculpture is still attached to a background; Relief is a sculpturedartwork where a carved or modelled form is raised—or, in a sunken-relief, lowered—from a plane from which the main elements of the composition project (or sink).

7. a. BASS-RELIEF OR LOW RELIEF b. HIGH RELIEF

8. c. SUNKEN RELIEF Sunken-relief, also known as intaglio or hollow-relief, is where the image is made by carving into a flat surface – usually the images are mostly linear in nature.

9. d. Incised or engraved relief -jewelry

10. 6. SITE-SPECIFIC SCULPTURE It is artwork created to exist in a certain place. Typically, the artist takes the location into account while planning and creating the artwork.

11. 7. Kinetic sculpture Kinetic art is art that contains moving parts or depends on motion for its effect.[1] The moving parts are generally powered by wind, a motor or the observer. Kinetic art encompasses a wide variety of overlapping techniques and styles.

12. Ex. of kinetic sculpture A. fountain (from the Latin "fons" or "fontis", a source or spring), or sometimes called water fountain, is a piece of architecture which pours water into a basin or jets it into the air either to supply drinking water or for decorative or dramatic effect.

13. 8. Architectural sculpture is the term for the use of sculpture by an architect and/or sculptor in the design of a building, bridge, mausoleum or other such project. The sculpture is usually integrated with the structure, but freestanding works that are part of the original design are also considered to be architectural sculpture.

15. 9. Environmental sculpture The term environmental sculpture is variously defined. A development of the art of the 20th century, environmentalsculpture usually creates or alters the environment for the viewer, as opposed to presenting itself figurally or monumentally before the viewer.

16. Land art Earthworks (coined by Robert Smithson), or Earth art is an art movement which emerged in the United States in the late 1960s and early 1970s, in which landscape and the work of art are inextricably linked. It is also an art form that is created in nature, using natural materials such as Soil, Rock (bed rock, boulders, stones), organic media (logs, branches, leaves, and water with introduced materials such as concrete, metal, asphalt, mineral pigments.

18. MATERIALS IN SCULPTURE Sculptures are often painted, but commonly lose their paint to time, or restorers. Many different painting techniques have been used in making sculpture, including tempera, [oil painting], house paint, aerosol, enamel and sandblasting

19. Bronze Bronze is a metal alloy consisting primarily of copper, usually with tin as the main additive, but sometimes with other elements such as phosphorus, manganese, aluminium, or silicon. It is hard and brittle, and it was particularly significant in antiquity, so much so that the Bronze Age was named after the metal. Bronze Chola statue of Nataraja at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City

20. Limestone s a sedimentary rock composed largely of the mineralcalcite (calcium carbonate: CaCO3).

21. Porphyry is a variety of igneousrock consisting of large-grained crystals, such as feldspar or quartz, dispersed in a fine-grained feldspathicmatrix or groundmass.

22. Granite is a common and widely occurring type of intrusive, felsic, igneousrock. Granites usually have a medium to coarse grained texture. Occasionally some individual crystals (phenocrysts) are larger than the groundmass in which case the texture is known as porphyritic.

23. Gold

24. SILVER JADE

25. IVORY Glass

26. Hardwood

27. Terracotta, Terra cotta (Italian: "baked earth",[1] from the Latin terra cocta) is a clay-based unglazed ceramic,[2] although the term can also be applied to glazed ceramics where the fired body is porous and red in color

28. ceramic is an inorganic, non-metallicsolid prepared by the action of heat and subsequent cooling.

29. Pewter is a malleablemetalalloy, traditionally 85-99% tin, with the remainder consisting of copper, antimony, bismuth and lead.

30. ZINC also known as spelter, is a metallicchemical element; it has the symbol Zn and atomic number 30.

31. PLASTER This can refer to gypsum plaster (also known as plaster of Paris), lime plaster, or cement plaster.

32. Sir Alfred Gilbert (12 August 1854 – 4 November 1934) was an Englishsculptor and goldsmith who enthusiastically experimented with metallurgical innovations. He was a central — if idiosyncratic — participant in the New Sculpture movement that invigorated sculpture in Britain at the end of the nineteenth century.

33. PROCESS OF SCULPTURE MODELING – IS USUALLY DONE BY THE USED OF THE BARE HANDS. CLAY, PLASTIC PRODUCTS, PLASTIC OF PARIS CEMENT

35. 2 GENERAL SCULPTURAL PROCESSES SUBTRACTIVE – TAKING AWAY THE UNNECESSARY PARTS. ADDITIVE- FIXING TOGETHER.

36. Asian Sumerian male worshiper, 2750-2600 B.C

37. CHINA A Liao Dynastypolychrome wood-carved statueof Guan Yin, Shanxi Province, China, (907-1125 AD)

38. A wooden Bodhisattva from the Song Dynasty (960-1279)

39. Wine jar, Western Zhou Dynasty (1050 BC-771 BC)

40. Terracotta Army soldier and horse from the Qin Dynasty

41. Japan A frog and lizard battle in this contemporary sculpture in Matsumoto, Japan.

42. Central Asia Fragment of the wind god Boreas, Hadda, Afghanistan. GandharaPoseidon (Ancient Orient Museum)

43. South Asia India A Nepalesepolychrome wooden statue of the Malla Kingdom, 14th century.

44. Africa

45. Europe Michelangelo, "Pietà", 1499 Charioteer of Delphi, ancient Greek bronze statue, 5th century BCE, close up head detail

46. King ZygmuntVasa column in Warsaw, Poland Giambologna, Rape of the Sabine Women, 1583, Florence, Italy, 13' 6" high, Marble