The document defines crime as an action that violates the law and is punishable, while defining deviance as violating social norms. It notes deviance can be criminal or non-criminal, and some deviant acts have become normalized over time. Crime is always against the law. Deviance is controlled socially while crime is controlled through police and courts. Functionalists view deviance as inevitable and serving purposes like clarifying norms. The document discusses types of crimes and deviance in Mauritius like theft and arrest rates, and factors contributing to crime like poverty, drugs, and family issues. Health impacts of crime victimization are also outlined.

1. CRIME & DEVIANCE

2. Crime and deviance
• Definition of crime
• an action or omission that constitutes an offense
that may be prosecuted by the state and is
punishable by law.
• Definition of deviance
• Norms are rules and expectations by which members of
society are conventionally guided. Deviance is an absence
of conformity to these norms. Social norms differ from
culture to culture. For example, a deviant act can be
committed in one society that breaks a social norm there,
but may be normal for another society.

3. Crime & Deviance-Differentiation
• What is the difference between Crime and Deviance?
• • Deviance is violation of social norms whereas crime is violation of
laws of the land.
• • Agents of control for deviance are societal pressure and fear of
Gods whereas agents of control for crime are police and judiciary.
• • Society has no coercive power to deal with deviance but
governments have the power of punishment to tackle crime.
• • Deviance can be criminal or non criminal, but crime is always
criminal in nature.
• • Many behaviors that were crimes earlier have today become
deviant behaviors.
• • Violation of law makes deviance a crime.
• • Deviance is not considered as severe as a crime.

4. Crime and deviance
DEVIANCE: BEHAVIOR, BELIEFS OR CONDITIONS THAT
VIOLATE CULTURAL NORMS
NO ACT OR BELIEF IS INHERENTLY DEVIANT
• RELATIVE TO TIME AND CULTURE
• SOCIALLY CONSTRUCTED

5. Crime and deviance
• FUNCTIONALIST VIEW OF DEVIANCE
DURKHEIM
• DEVIANCE OCCURS IN ALL SOCIETIES
• DEVIANCE CLARIFIES RULES
• DEVIANCE UNITES A GROUP
• DEVIANCE PROMOTES SOCIAL CHANGE

6. Primary and Secondary DeviancePrimary and Secondary Deviance
Social
reaction
THE
LABELING
PROCESS
Deviance
amplification
DeviantDeviant
subculturesubculture
Self-Self-
labelinglabeling
Degradation
Ceremonies
NegativeNegative
LabelLabel
DeviantDeviant
actact
Secondary
deviance

7. Crime and deviance
causation of crime
• Overpopulation
• Poverty
• Polictics
• Racism
• Tv violence
• Regionalism
• Family conditions
• Depression & other
social & mental
disorders
• Drugs
• Victim of unfair
rulings and the
correction system

8. Crime and deviance
Deviant Behavior
Deviant Behavior
Examples
• Picking of nose in public
• Naked exposure in public
• Licking of ground
• Binge drinking
• Homicide
• Suicide
• Theft
• Robbery
• Rape
• Prostitution
Types of Deviant
Behavior
• Formal Deviance
• Informal Deviance

9. Crime and deviance -Types of crime
• Murder and
manslaughter
• Rape
• Robbery
• Assault
• Burglary
• Larceny-theft
• Auto theft.

10. Crime and deviance -Types of crime
Victimless Crimes
• Do not involve a
clearly defined
victim.
• Involve illegal
supply and
demand.
• Examples: drug
abuse, prostitution,
and illegal drinking.

11. Crime and deviance- Mauritius
highlights
• increased by 3% from 44,498 in 2015 to 45,801 in 2016, mainly due
to a rise in theft (+8%).
• arrested and/or cautioned in the course of criminal investigations in
2016, down by 1% from 21,648 in 2015
• The number of criminal cases lodged decreased by 6% from
122,860 in 2015 to 115,287 in 2016
• Out of the 3,672 adult convicts admitted to prison in 2016, 67% were
re-offenders who had been imprisoned in the past, regardless of any
observation period.
• The number of offenders subjected to community service orders
increased by 15% from 487 in 2015 to 558 in 2016.

12. Crime and deviance .
Factors contributing to crime in mauritius
• Large underclass
• Urban areas in which the
poorest and wealthiest
live in close proximity
• Racism and
discrimination
• Failure of the educational
system
• Troubled family
• Alcohol & drug abuse

13. Criminal Justice System
police courts corrections

15. Crime and deviance-Health hazards
• Long terms effects
• Most people do not
suffer any sort of long
term effect after being
a victim of crime
• however if some
victim of trauma is not
addressed the effects
can escalate

16. Crime and deviance-Health hazards
• Major depression
• Thoughts of suicide & suicide attempts
• Use & abuse of alcohol & other drugs
• Ongoing problems with relationships
• Anxiety disorders
• A changing view of the world as a safe
place
• Increased risk of further victimization

17. Crime and deviance-Health hazards

18. Strategies for Reducing Crime
Crime and deviance
1. Reduce social inequality and poverty.
2. Replace low-wage jobs with jobs that pay
a living wage.
3. Prevent child abuse and neglect.
4. Increase the social and economic
stability of communities.
5. Improve education in all communities.

19. Crime rate in mauritius-
come on , roll up your sleeves
• CONCLUSION
• Are we too familliar to crimes ?