designing the methodology

1. Designing the methodology

2. Research methodology
• It is a technique of systematically answering
the research question.
• Researcher need it not only to know the
research method or techniques but also the
methodology too.
• Designing the methodology refers to the
development of a system for solving the
research question.

3. • Key purpose is to find the best solution for
each experimental condition.

4. Designing an experiment
• Formulating the research problem
• Extensive literature survey
• Development of working hypothesis
• Preparing Research design
• Determining sample design

5. Designing an experiment
• Collecting the data
• Execution of the project
• Analysis of data
• Hypothesis testing
• Preparation of report

6. Formulating the research problem
• A specific question that the researcher plans to
examine must be clearly identified before the data
collection.
• It involves two steps
• Thorough understanding of the problem
• Presenting the same into meaningful terms
• A researcher should identify the probable different
source of variability in the experimental condition.
• The main goal is to improve upon the precision of the
results in order to validate the research hypotheis

7. Extensive literature survey
• Extensive literature survey in connection with
the research question by the researcher.
• It involves reading the abstracted and indexed
journal.
• It involves reading published and unpublished
bibliographies.

8. It can be searched and reviewed in
• Academic journal
• Conference proceedings
• Government report
• Books
• Databases
• Websites
• Internet sources
• Etc..

9. Extensive literature survey
• This process make the researcher to get in
depth about the information.
• Previously conducted and published studies
which are similar to the study should be
carefully reviewed.
• Good literature source is great help to the
researcher during the stage of experimental
design.

10. Development of working hypothesis
• After the literature survey researcher should
state clearly the hypothesis.
• It has to be tested it must be very specific and
limited only to the research question.
• Hypothesis guides the researcher to expand
his research area in right direction.

11. Preparing Research design
• Research design should be clearly prepared to
state the conceptual structure within which
research would be conducted.
• The preparation of such a clear cut design
helps researcher to efficiently yield maximum
data and related information.
• Based on the research question, the
researcher has to opt for any one of those
designs that suits the project.

12. Researcher has to opt for any one of
those designs that suits the project

13. Determining sample design
• All the samples under consideration in investigation
represent a population.
• A complete list of all the samples in the population is
known as sample inquiry.
• In inquiry all the samples are covered, the highest
accuracy can be obtained.
• In practice it is impossible to go for entire population.
• It is justifiable to select only a few samples from the
population.
• The researcher has to make the decision for the
method to be employed and sample selection.

14. Collecting the data
• Several ways to collect data that differ in
terms of money, time and other resources.
• Usually primary data is collected through the
experiment or through surveys.
• Researcher record his observation as
quantitative measurement or the data.
• But in survey any one can collect the data
through personal interview, telephone
interview, by mailing questionnaires etc..

15. Execution of the project
• It is important step in research process
• It is researcher responsibility that the project
is completed in a systematic and timely
manner

16. Analysis of data
• Once data is collected researcher analyse the
data to establish his view.
• Tabulation is a part of the technical procedure
wherein classified data are put in the form of
tables.
• Graphical presentation helps to easily
establish relationship amongst different
variable.

17. Hypothesis testing
• The researcher investigate the facts to support
the acceptance or rejection of hypothesis.
• To answer this usual question various test
such as
• Chi-square test
• T-test
• F-test

18. Interpretation
• Hypothesis is tested and defended several
times by the researcher to arrive
generalisation.
• The real significance of research is its ability to
arrive and establish certain theory.
• Incase if there is no hypothesis, findings are to
be explained on the basis of some theory
known as interpretation.

19. Preparation of the report
• Once the experimental work is completed, the
researcher has to prepare the report of the
work has been done by him.
• It is not an easy task
• It is an art that it requires a good deal of
knowledge, imagination, experience and
expertise.
• It also demands a considerable time and
money.