The document discusses plagiarism, defining it as stealing and passing off others' ideas or words as one's own without attribution. It notes that plagiarism is unethical and can take various forms, such as substantial plagiarism where words are replaced with synonyms, or complete plagiarism where an entire work is presented as one's own. The document also discusses different types of plagiarism like accidental, self, and mosaic plagiarism. It provides strategies to avoid plagiarism like properly citing sources, paraphrasing while maintaining meaning, and acknowledging all contributions. Software tools to detect plagiarism are also outlined.

1. Plagiarism

2. Plagiarism

6. • It is nothing but stealing and passing
off the ideas or words of other as our
own with or without their consent.
• It is a type of cheating.
• Using other production without
crediting the source.
Plagiarism

7. • Committing literary theft.
• Presenting as new or original
idea or product derived from
an existing source without full
acknowledgment.
Plagiarism

8. • It is unethical practice in scientific
writing.
• The lack of knowledge and skills
is the reason for plagiarism
• No degree of plagiarism is
acceptable.
Plagiarism

11. Classification of plagiarism
Three types
•Substantial
•Minimal
•Complete

12. Substantial plagiarism
•It is most common in
academic institutions.
•Plagiarist reworks the
original and replaces the
words with their synonym.

15. Example for plagiarism
1.It may consist of one special word-plagiarised
• It may consist of a word
2.For naming a new concept-plagiarised
• For naming the Novel concept
3.Using common word -plagiarised
• Using ordinary word

16. Minimal plagiarism
Some information is
added in the text , and
the patterns of the text
are altered.

17. Complete plagiarism
There is no change in the
information taken from
other sources and the
information is presented as
the writers work.

19. Complete plagiarism
• Global plagiarism
• Severest form of plagiarism
• A researcher presents an entire text
of others presents as his own work.
• It is like intellectual theft and
stealing.

20. Additionally classified on the basis of
intensity
• Severest
• Severe
• Moderate
• Casual

21. Source based plagiarism
• It falls under serious category and occurs due to
use of different types of source.
• Ex. Citing a source that is not accurate or does
not even exist.
• It occur when an author uses a secondary source
of information and cite only primary source.
• It unnecessarily increases the number of
reference sources that creates problems for
readers to opt for multiple cross referencing.

24. Direct plagiarism
• It occurs when an author directly copy a
passage of text without citation.
• Verbatim plagiarism
• It is similar to complete plagiarism.
• It refers to part of another script.
• It is serious and considered as dishonest.
• It calls for academic disciplinary action
• It is violation of rules and ethics

25. Paraphrasing plagiarism
• Common and serious type
• It involves rephrasing of someone else text
and ideas without citation.
• Even if the words or part of sentence differ,
the original idea and meanings remain the
same and thus it becomes a plagiarism.

27. Mosaic plagiarism
• Patchwork plagiarism
• It involves combining text and ideas from
different sources without citation.
• It is difficult to detect because it involves
inclusion of someone else phrases or text
within its own research.
• it is intentional and dishonest act

29. Accidental plagiarism
• It occurs when someone neglect
to cite their sources.
• It is real and natural outcome of
gross negligence.
• It is serious type

31. Self plagiarism
• Auto-plagiarism or duplication
• It occurs when an author reuses significant
portions of his or her own work previously
published work without any acknowledgement.
• Breaking a large paper into a few smaller paper
and publishing them separately [ called salami
slicing] and republishing the same full work at
different publishers.
• This is moderate type

33. Inacurrate authorship
• It occur in two different ways
• First, when someone contributes to a
manuscript but does not get credit
for it.
• Second, when someone gets credit
without contributing to the work.

34. Casual plagiarism
• It occurs due to lack of awareness
about plagiarism or insufficient
understanding and knowledge of
citing source or writing references.
• It is the net result of poor
scholarship.

36. Identity plagiarism

37. Identity plagiarism

38. Copy cat plagiarism

39. Act of plagiarism
• Claiming in others work as our own
• Copying words or ideas from other paper without
permission and giving no credit.
• Failing to put a quotation mark and giving
incorrect information about the source of
quotation.
• Changing the word but copying the sentence
structure of a source without giving due credit.
• Copying too many words or ideas from a source
that it makes up the majority of your work ,
whether you give credit or not.

40. Reason for plagiarism

41. Lack of understanding
• Authors unintentionally plagiarize when they
are not familiar with proper way of quoting,
paraphrasing, citing and referencing sources.
• Unaware about the meaning of expression in
their own words.

42. • Company gain-to get better position among
the competitors and to save the time
• Time management: The authors have to
manage their time to complete the multitasks
[family responsibilities, pressure to complete
the task] in short span of time.

43. • Attitude: Some authors believe that their
authority does not bother to read their papers
so closely review their work.
• Temptation :
• Some author plagiarise as information
becomes more accessible on the internet and
web search tool which make it easier and
quicker to find and copy.

44. Detect plagiarism

45. General sight overview
• The academic staff should access the sentence
structure, grammar and idioms used in
authors manuscript or assignment.
• They should examine the work which is lower
or higher than the authors abilities can afford.

46. Search of online book store
• Online bookstore help the authorities to
decide whether the authors mentioned the
right dates for publication or whether the
sources used were appropriate to the subject
hand.

47. Search for Key word
• Searching key words in search engines is
another tool available to authorities to find
instances of plagiarism.

48. Use of the plagiarism services
• Many software application, tools, and web
sites that can help to detect the plagiarized
text.

49. Plagiarism check

50. • It employ the computer application to check
plagiarism.
Glatt plagiarism service, a computer application
does not use correlation technique.
It deletes every fifth word in a paper which is
suspected as plagiarized and the author is asked
to fill in the missing places of detected words.

51. • If the author cannot fill in 77 % of the missing
word, the work is most probably declared as a
plagiarized.
• Paid software tool to detect plagiarism.
• http://ithenticate.com
• http://www.crossref.org
• http://turnitin.com
• Main draw back is that it has to be subscribed
and is not free

52. • Turnitin is the top quality plagiarism detecting
software most commonly used to detect
plagiarism.
• The Scribbr plagiarism checker has been
named the best plagiarism checker of 2019
• Wcopyfind is a free software application
available on the internet

53. Free plagiarism checker available
online [2020]
• Duplichecker
• Paperrater
• Copyleaks
• Plagscan
• Plagiarisma
• Plagiarism checker
• Quetest

54. Report generated from software
contain
• Comprehensive report
• Part of plagiarism report contains three
element
• A similarity percentage
• A list with matched sources
• A preview that highlights matched text in the
document

55. • Many plagiarism checkers can only detect
exact matches; some plagiarism checker
detects patchwork plagiarism.
• Plagiarism checker software can detect
plagiarism even when author paraphrase
sentences or combine multiple sources.

56. Similarity percentage
• It indicates what portion of text in document
matches other sources in databases.
• The software excludes your reference list and
other section where similarities are common
but are not actually plagiarism. Therefore, the
similarity percentage is highly accurate.

57. List of sources
• All sources containing text that is similar to
document under check are listed and sorted
according to significance.
• This list helps to easily identify the original
source and cite it accordingly.
• Checker tool shows a preview of the original
passage, so author can easily compare it to his
own text.

58. Writing sources
• When author finds plagiarism in his or her
document, it is important to cite the source
correctly.
• The facility of plagiarism knowledge base
helps authors to understand and correct
plagiarism.

59. Strategies to avoid plagiarism

60. • Authors must carefully read Instruction to
authors provided by the journal or publisher.
• Always acknowledge the contributions of
others.
• Use of verbatim text or material must be
enclosed in a quotation mark
• While paraphrasing, understand the material
completely and use own word without
changing its significance.

61. • When doubt in concept or fact put it into
reference list and provide citation.
• Always prefer to present results of a single study
as a whole and do not publish into multiple
separate articles.
• When submitting a manuscript for publication
that have been published already or posted on
the internet, make the editors and readers aware
about the same through letter so that the origin
of the data would never be in doubt

62. • Modify the previously published data with new
additional data and presenting it as a new study
should be fully disclosed to the editors.
• Always write the effective cover letter to the
editor, especially regarding the potential for
overlap in publication, if any
• Authors must become familiar with the basic
elements of copyright law to avoid its
infringement.