This slide contains B.Pharm Biostatistics and Research methodology 8th Sem. Unit-3 L2 topic- "Introduction to Research" It contains topics: 1. Introduction to Research 2. Need for Research 3. Need for Design Experiments 4. Experimental Design Techniques 5. Plagiarism

1. Introduction to Research
UNIT – 3 PART - 2
MR. HIMANSHU SHARMA (Asst. Prof)
SHRI RAM COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
For B.Pharm 4th Year 8th Sem

2. What is Research?
 Research is defined as the search for
knowledge.
 It is defined as a scientific and systemic
search for pertinent information on a
specific topic.
 In fact, Research is an art of scientific
investigation.

3. Need for Research
The purpose of the research is to discover answer to the question through the
application of scientific procedures.
The main of the research is to find the truth which is
hidden and which has not been discovered yet The main
need an objective are mentioned:-
• To gain familiarity with a phenomenon of a particular,
individual situation or group.
• To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular,
individual situation or group.
• To test a hypothesis of a casual relationship b/w variables.

4. • Descriptive Research
• Analytical Research
• Applied Research
• Fundamental Research
• Quantitative Research
• Qualitative Research
• Conceptual Research
• Empirical Research
Types of
Research

5. Steps in Research
Define
Research
Problems
Review Of
Literature
Methodology
Data
Collection
For
Pretest
Execution
Of Data
Collection
Analysis
Inferences
Reporting

6. Need for Design of Experiment
• There is a need for design of the experiment to have fruitful and well
organized research outcome.
• Desire to get a research degree along with this consequential benefits.
• Desire to face the challenge in solving the unsolved problems practical
problem initiates research
• Desire to get intellectual joy of doing some creative work.
• Desire to be of service to society
• Desire to get respectability.

7. Experimental Design Techniques
• Experimental design is a statistical method in which research plans to
observe effects of desired on response.
• Experimental designer important for determining the cause and effect
relationship between dependent variable and independent variable.
• The following order concerning worries step provider useful procedure
guideline regarding the research process.
1. Formulating the research problem

8. Experimental Design Techniques
The best way to understand the problem is to discuss with one’s own colleague or with those
having some expertise in field.
2. Extensive literature survey
After the problem is formulated, a brief summary of it should
be written down.
3. Developing the hypothesis
After extensive literature survey, researchers should state in clear
terms the working hypothesis
4. Preparing the research design
The research paper having been formulated in clear cut terms, the researcher will be requires
to prepare a research design.

9. Experimental Design Techniques
5. Determining the sample design
All the items under consideration in any field of inquiry constitute a ‘universe’ or ‘population’.
It can be presumed that in such an inquiry when all the items are covered no elements of
chance if left and highest accuracy is obtained.
6. Collecting the sample data
Primary data and secondary data can be collected either through experiment or through
survey
 By Observation
 Through personal activities
 Through telephonic interviews

10. Experimental Design Techniques
7. Execution of project
Execution of project is a very important step in the research process. If the execution of the
project proceeds on correct lines, the data to be collected would be adequate and dependable.
8. Analysis of data
After the data have been collected, the researchers turns to task on analyzing them.
9. Hypothesis testing
After analyzing the data as stated above, the researchers is in a position to test the hypothesis,
if any, they had formulated earlier. Using various tests such as, Chi Square test, T-test, F-test.
10. Generalization and interpretation
If a hypothesis is testes and upheld several times, it may be possible for the researchers to
arrive at generalization .i.e., to build a theory.

11. Experimental Design Techniques
11. Preparation of report or presentation of result
Finally, the researchers has to prepare the report of what has been done by them, writing of
report must be done with great care, keeping points given in the following.
 The layout of the report should be as follows
 The preliminary pages
 The main text
 The end part
 The main text of the report should have
the following parts:
• Introduction
• Summary of findings
• Main report
• Conclusion

12. Plagiarism
• Plagiarism is the use of another’s original world or ideas or as though they
were your own in other words
• Plagiarism is copying information and not giving the author’s credit for it
• Plagiarism is considered academic dishonesty and a breach of journalistic
ethics.
• Plagiarism is the “wrongful appropriation” and “stealing of publication” of
another author’s language thoughts ideas or expression and representation
of them as one original work
• Plagiarism is not in itself a crime but can constitute copyright infringement.

13. THANK YOU