This document describes the design and development of a sugar cane sprout cutter machine powered by human energy. The machine uses a pedal-operated flywheel motor concept to store human power and then supply it intermittently to cut sprouts. The design includes a chain drive system to transfer power from the pedals to the flywheel and then to cutting components. Analysis is provided for gear ratios, shaft sizes, and forces. The human-powered design could provide an affordable option for small farmers compared to electric machines. It aims to reduce labor while preventing damage to sprouts during cutting.
IRJET- A Review on Design and Development of Coconut Deshelling MachineIRJET Journal
The document reviews several designs for coconut de-shelling machines. It summarizes 7 different designs:
1. A machine with two cutters mounted on a shared shaft with gear drive that can de-shell 300 coconuts per hour.
2. A power-operated machine that can de-shell 200 nuts or 400 cups per batch in 4 minutes, 4 times faster than manual methods.
3. A semi-automatic young coconut cutting machine that can cut 480 fruits per hour at a cost of $2.63 per 1000 fruits.
4. A motorized groundnut sheller that can shell 78% of nuts and has a throughput of 345.4kg per hour.
The document describes the design and evaluation of a corn sheller machine. It discusses how existing corn de-husking methods are not effective for small Indian farmers. The designed machine uses a DC motor to rotate sharp cutting blades that remove corn kernels from cobs as they are fed through. An evaluation of the machine found it was able to shell 20kg of corn in under 3 minutes with a threshing efficiency of 78.93% and separation efficiency of 56.06%. The machine was concluded to satisfactorily shell corn and could process about 1 tonne per 9 hour shift, providing an innovative solution for efficient corn processing by small Indian farmers.
“Design and Fabrication of Pedal Operated Groundnut Decorticator Machine”IJMERJOURNAL
1) The document describes the design and fabrication of a pedal-operated groundnut decorticator machine. It aims to provide small farmers a low-cost option for shelling groundnuts compared to manual methods.
2) The machine uses a quick return mechanism with a rubber pad fitted to a shaft to gently crush and shell groundnuts. In trials, it achieved an output of 49 kg/hour, higher than manual methods.
3) Analysis found the machine achieved 59.1% decortication efficiency and 9.29% mechanical damage to kernels, demonstrating it is an effective and higher output alternative to hand shelling for small farmers.
Design and Fabrication of Weed Removing VehicleJaykumar Desai
The literature review covered various existing solutions for weed removal including miniature cow tillers, meadow comb grass cutters, optimal design of rotary tillers, multiple blade brush-cutting mowers, and land clearers. Prior designs considered factors like operational efficiency, overload capacity, braking, blade design, and application of treatment liquids. No prior solution was found to be specifically designed for small farms or to be low-cost and easy to operate.
1) The document describes the design and fabrication of a portable groundnut stripper machine. The machine uses rotating metal blades powered by an AC motor to separate groundnuts from the plant.
2) Groundnuts are fed into the machine manually and the blades cut the roots to release the pods. The pods fall onto an inclined metal plate with holes to filter out waste. Only high quality pods are collected.
3) The portable design makes the machine small, lightweight, and easy to transport. It can strip 40-50kg of pods per hour with only one operator, solving labor issues. The machine provides a more efficient and higher quality alternative to manual stripping.
Review paper on “Various aspects of Weeders for Economical Cultivation”IJMER
This document provides a review of various aspects of weeders for economical crop cultivation. It discusses the challenges of manual weeding, including the high labor costs that account for 33% of total cultivation costs. Various weeding equipment, materials, and methods are analyzed, including their advantages and limitations. Key points made include the need for ergonomic design, adjustability, durability, and low cost. The summary discusses improving weeder efficiency while reducing farmer fatigue and expenses.
IRJET- A Review on Design and Development of Corn Peeling and Shelling MachineIRJET Journal
This document reviews the design and development of a corn peeling and shelling machine. It discusses the problems with traditional corn peeling and shelling techniques used by farmers in developing countries like India, such as low productivity and damage to corn seeds. The proposed machine aims to have a higher production rate, compact size, and ability to peel and shell corn collectively or individually without damaging seeds. It also aims to have attachments for separately collecting cobs, shells, and corn seeds. The literature review discusses previous research on corn peeling and shelling machines, noting that existing combo machines either have low production rates or are too large. The proposed work aims to design a compact corn peeling and shelling combo machine that optimizes size while
IRJET- Development and Performance Evaluation of Solar Operated Power WeederIRJET Journal
The document describes the development and testing of a solar-powered weeder. The weeder was tested on maize crops using different blade widths (50, 60, 70 mm) and numbers of blades (2, 3, 4) to evaluate performance. Key findings include:
- Maximum field capacity of 0.175 ha/day and weeding efficiency of 88.03% were achieved.
- Minimum plant damage of 1.96% was observed.
- The average performance index calculated was 841.
- Three blades per flange provided the best balance of weeding efficiency and low plant damage.
IRJET- A Review on Design and Development of Coconut Deshelling MachineIRJET Journal
The document reviews several designs for coconut de-shelling machines. It summarizes 7 different designs:
1. A machine with two cutters mounted on a shared shaft with gear drive that can de-shell 300 coconuts per hour.
2. A power-operated machine that can de-shell 200 nuts or 400 cups per batch in 4 minutes, 4 times faster than manual methods.
3. A semi-automatic young coconut cutting machine that can cut 480 fruits per hour at a cost of $2.63 per 1000 fruits.
4. A motorized groundnut sheller that can shell 78% of nuts and has a throughput of 345.4kg per hour.
The document describes the design and evaluation of a corn sheller machine. It discusses how existing corn de-husking methods are not effective for small Indian farmers. The designed machine uses a DC motor to rotate sharp cutting blades that remove corn kernels from cobs as they are fed through. An evaluation of the machine found it was able to shell 20kg of corn in under 3 minutes with a threshing efficiency of 78.93% and separation efficiency of 56.06%. The machine was concluded to satisfactorily shell corn and could process about 1 tonne per 9 hour shift, providing an innovative solution for efficient corn processing by small Indian farmers.
“Design and Fabrication of Pedal Operated Groundnut Decorticator Machine”IJMERJOURNAL
1) The document describes the design and fabrication of a pedal-operated groundnut decorticator machine. It aims to provide small farmers a low-cost option for shelling groundnuts compared to manual methods.
2) The machine uses a quick return mechanism with a rubber pad fitted to a shaft to gently crush and shell groundnuts. In trials, it achieved an output of 49 kg/hour, higher than manual methods.
3) Analysis found the machine achieved 59.1% decortication efficiency and 9.29% mechanical damage to kernels, demonstrating it is an effective and higher output alternative to hand shelling for small farmers.
Design and Fabrication of Weed Removing VehicleJaykumar Desai
The literature review covered various existing solutions for weed removal including miniature cow tillers, meadow comb grass cutters, optimal design of rotary tillers, multiple blade brush-cutting mowers, and land clearers. Prior designs considered factors like operational efficiency, overload capacity, braking, blade design, and application of treatment liquids. No prior solution was found to be specifically designed for small farms or to be low-cost and easy to operate.
1) The document describes the design and fabrication of a portable groundnut stripper machine. The machine uses rotating metal blades powered by an AC motor to separate groundnuts from the plant.
2) Groundnuts are fed into the machine manually and the blades cut the roots to release the pods. The pods fall onto an inclined metal plate with holes to filter out waste. Only high quality pods are collected.
3) The portable design makes the machine small, lightweight, and easy to transport. It can strip 40-50kg of pods per hour with only one operator, solving labor issues. The machine provides a more efficient and higher quality alternative to manual stripping.
Review paper on “Various aspects of Weeders for Economical Cultivation”IJMER
This document provides a review of various aspects of weeders for economical crop cultivation. It discusses the challenges of manual weeding, including the high labor costs that account for 33% of total cultivation costs. Various weeding equipment, materials, and methods are analyzed, including their advantages and limitations. Key points made include the need for ergonomic design, adjustability, durability, and low cost. The summary discusses improving weeder efficiency while reducing farmer fatigue and expenses.
IRJET- A Review on Design and Development of Corn Peeling and Shelling MachineIRJET Journal
This document reviews the design and development of a corn peeling and shelling machine. It discusses the problems with traditional corn peeling and shelling techniques used by farmers in developing countries like India, such as low productivity and damage to corn seeds. The proposed machine aims to have a higher production rate, compact size, and ability to peel and shell corn collectively or individually without damaging seeds. It also aims to have attachments for separately collecting cobs, shells, and corn seeds. The literature review discusses previous research on corn peeling and shelling machines, noting that existing combo machines either have low production rates or are too large. The proposed work aims to design a compact corn peeling and shelling combo machine that optimizes size while
IRJET- Development and Performance Evaluation of Solar Operated Power WeederIRJET Journal
The document describes the development and testing of a solar-powered weeder. The weeder was tested on maize crops using different blade widths (50, 60, 70 mm) and numbers of blades (2, 3, 4) to evaluate performance. Key findings include:
- Maximum field capacity of 0.175 ha/day and weeding efficiency of 88.03% were achieved.
- Minimum plant damage of 1.96% was observed.
- The average performance index calculated was 841.
- Three blades per flange provided the best balance of weeding efficiency and low plant damage.
A Review on Design and Fabrication of Groundnut Shelling and Separating Machine.IRJET Journal
This document reviews the design and fabrication of a groundnut shelling and separating machine. It aims to develop a portable machine that is affordable for small-scale farmers. The machine consists of a hopper, crushing chamber, separating chamber, blower, and frame powered by an electric motor. Groundnuts are fed into the hopper and crushed in the chamber to remove the shells, while the blower separates the shells from the seeds. The design is intended to improve efficiency over manual shelling methods while keeping costs low. The machine is meant to benefit farmers by quickly shelling groundnuts while avoiding damage to the seeds.
This document describes the design of a multipurpose pesticides sprayer pump. It aims to reduce the effort required for spraying pesticides and allow spraying in any direction around crops. The design includes a trolley frame to support the system, a storage tank, reciprocating pump, and multiple nozzles. The pump is designed to provide adequate pressure through analyzing system parameters like power required, swept volume, and discharge rate. The sprayer pump allows for both spraying pesticides and removing weeds, covering more area in less time compared to traditional backpack sprayers. It is an affordable and ergonomic option for small-scale farmers.
Design and Development of Groundnut Oil Extracting Machine by Human Pedal Fly...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of a groundnut oil extracting machine powered by human pedal and a flywheel motor concept. The machine was designed to address issues with traditional manual extraction methods used by small-scale farmers in developing countries like India. The machine uses a feed hopper, flywheel for power transmission, shaft, bearings, chain drive, and a screw press unit to shell and extract oil from groundnuts. Design calculations were performed to determine the required operating power based on parameters like the weight and radius of the pressing screw. The final power requirement of the machine was estimated to be approximately 136.67 watts (0.183 horsepower) with a safety factor included.
This document describes the design and development of a rubber tire groundnut sheller machine. It provides details on the certificate, submission, contents, introduction, material selection, design, future modifications, project outputs, maintenance, precautions, cost estimation, bibliography and acknowledgements sections of the project report on the rubber tire groundnut sheller. The project aims to design an affordable and easy to build groundnut shelling machine using locally available materials like rubber tire, wire mesh, angle iron etc. to help small farmers and industries shell groundnuts efficiently with minimal resources.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Two Wheeler Operated Sickle Bar Mower IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a two-wheeler operated sickle bar mower. The mower is designed to cut grass and shrubs using a simple and affordable construction. It consists of main components like bevel gears, shafts, blades, frame, bearings, and wheels. As the two-wheeler moves forward, the mower wheel rotates the shaft and gear arrangement. This converts the rotational motion to a reciprocating motion of the blades through a cam mechanism. The moving blade then provides the cutting force needed to cut grass and shrubs. The design calculations, fabrication process, working principle, and analysis of components are detailed in the document.
IRJET- A Review on Design and Development of Pedal Operated Maize ShellerIRJET Journal
This document reviews the design and development of a pedal-operated maize sheller. It begins with an introduction to maize/corn as the third most important crop in India. Traditionally, maize is shelled by hand which is time-consuming and inefficient. Existing power-operated shellers require electricity and have high capital costs, making them unsuitable for rural areas. The document then reviews several existing maize sheller designs. It identifies opportunities to improve efficiency and reduce costs. The goal is to develop an affordable pedal-powered sheller suitable for Indian farmers. The document concludes that a pedal-operated design could provide higher productivity than manual shelling while being more accessible to farmers than electric models
This document describes the design and development of a manually operated reaper. The reaper was designed to help small-scale farmers harvest grains more efficiently at a low cost. Several modifications were made to address issues identified during testing of an earlier prototype. These included adding an extra cutting blade to address clogging, adjusting the position of the crop divider, and adding a flat belt conveyor mechanism to reduce harvesting losses. The document provides detailed specifications of the reaper components and descriptions of testing conducted to evaluate the performance of the modified design.
Design, development and fabrication of agricultural pesticides sprayerLaukik Raut
In order to meet the food requirements of the
growing population and rapid industrialization,
modernization of agriculture is inescapable. Mechanization
enables the conservation of inputs through precision in
metering ensuring better distribution, reducing quantity
needed for better response and prevention of losses or
wastage of inputs applied. Mechanization reduces unit cost
of production through higher productivity and input
conservation.
Farmers are using the same methods and equipment
for the ages. In our country farming is done by traditional
way, besides that there is large development of industrial and
service sector as compared to that of agriculture. The
spraying is traditionally done by labor carrying backpack
type sprayer which requires more human effort. The
weeding is the generally done with the help of Bulls which
becomes costly for farmers having small farming land. So to
overcome these above two problems a machine is developed
which will be beneficial to the farmer for the spraying and
weeding operations.
IRJET- Design and Manufacturing of Pesticide Spraying MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and manufacturing of a pesticide spraying machine. It aims to reduce the effort required for manual pesticide spraying. The machine uses a reciprocating pump powered by a PTO shaft to pump pesticides through a network of pipes and nozzles. Key parts include a 30-groove drive pulley connected via V-belt to an 80-groove driven pulley on the pump. The pump is designed to spray pesticides at a rate of 18.33 liters per second through four nozzles attached to each of three delivery pipes. The design calculations show sizing of components like the pump, belts, pulleys, pipes and 10 cm diameter drive shaft to meet the machine's pumping and spraying requirements
This work is mainly concerned withimproving the design analysis and construction of garri
sieving machine for better performance. The performance of the sieving machineis also evaluated for quality
assurance. The sieving action is achieved by reciprocation of the sieve using the principle of slider-crank
mechanism, which was used to set the sieve housing into motion. The machine is powered by 1-horse power
(0.745 kW) electric motor with angular speed of 900 rpm. In order to compare its efficiency with the manual
sieving method, sieve of average mesh size 2 mm by 4 mm were used each for sieving machine and the manual
sieve. The result of the performance test carried out shows that the average sieving efficiency and the sieving
rate of the machine are better than that of the manual sieving method. Therefore, this work presents a
meaningful contribution to the processing of garri, which is a staple food in West Africa. The material used for
the sieve and its housing were stainless steel to prevent contamination of garri. This makes it edible and free of
germs during sieving action.In addition, the machine eliminates the use of hand to sieve garri unlike the manual
method where there can be contamination.
Review Paper on Solar Power Operated Sugarcane Harvesting MachineIRJET Journal
This document presents a review paper on a solar-powered sugarcane harvesting machine designed by students in India. It discusses the design and components of the machine, which includes a brushless DC motor powered by batteries charged via solar panels to drive cutting blades. The machine aims to reduce labor needs for sugarcane harvesting. It reviews previous research on sugarcane harvesting and properties to inform the design. The components of the machine include the motor, solar panels, batteries, bevel gears, belt drive, and steel saw cutters. It is presented as a low-cost and eco-friendly alternative to manual harvesting that can benefit small-scale farmers.
Fabrication of Multi-Purpose Variable Length Plucking/Cutting MachineIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and fabrication of a multi-purpose variable length plucking/cutting machine. The machine consists of multiple hollow cylinders that slide inside one another via a pulley system powered by an electric motor, allowing the device to extend to different heights. A high speed motor powers a multi-point cutting tool mounted on the top cylinder to cut branches or pluck coconuts from trees. The machine is mounted on a wheeled framework for portability between trees. It aims to provide a safer and more efficient alternative to manually climbing trees and harvesting crops.
Design, development and fabrication of a low cost corn deseeding machineeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
The document provides details about a manually and power operated reaper machine. It discusses the working and construction of the machine. The key points are:
1. The machine consists of a frame, ground wheels, bearings, pulleys, sprockets, belts, chains, and a cutter bar to cut crops.
2. It can be operated manually or with a power source. The power source turns the rear wheels which uses sprockets and chains to power the cutter bar.
3. The cut crops are conveyed to the side by a star wheel and lugged belt conveyor for easy collection and bundling.
4. The document discusses the target market for small rice farmers and provides
This document provides details about a project to design a rubber tapping device. It includes an introduction describing the objectives of increasing farmers' productivity and income. It then lists the project team members and their roles, with the project manager supervising the designer and engineer. The methodology section describes meetings held to discuss objectives and the design process, with the designer and engineer collaborating. The literature review covers concepts from previous learning applied to the project. The document concludes by discussing advantages of the rubber tapping device like easier tapping with less training and more efficient extraction.
This document describes the design and development of a moss removal machine. The machine uses rotating brushes powered by a battery-operated DC motor to scrub moss off surfaces. A secondary brush pushes the removed moss into a collection tray. The machine is portable and requires less human effort than traditional moss removal methods. It provides an efficient and chemical-free way to remove moss and keep surfaces dry to prevent slipping.
IRJET- Development of Groundnut POD SeparatorIRJET Journal
This document describes the development of a groundnut pod separator machine. It begins with an introduction to groundnut production in India and the traditional manual method of separating pods from plants. This process is time-consuming and inefficient. The objectives of the new machine are then outlined, which include minimizing time and labor, improving efficiency, and developing an affordable option for small farmers. A conceptual drawing of the machine is shown, which would utilize a rotating drum with spikes to separate the pods. The conclusion states that the machine could also be adapted to cut sugarcane, serving multiple purposes for farmers. In developing this automated option, the aims are to reduce effort for farmers and allow them to earn more money.
Review on methods and machines available for cotton boll pickingIRJET Journal
1) The document reviews traditional and existing methods for cotton boll picking, which are time-consuming and expensive for small farmers.
2) Early harvesting machines damaged cotton fibers by mixing cotton with weeds. Large, expensive machines were unsuitable for small farms.
3) The development of a portable, suction-based picking machine addressed some issues but still picked weeds along with cotton, lowering quality.
IRJET- Design and Development of a Hand Guided Motorised Rice HarvesterIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of a hand guided motorized rice harvester. The harvester was designed to make rice harvesting easier for small-scale farmers with land areas less than 5 acres. It uses a petrol engine and cutting blades to harvest rice in a scissoring motion. Testing showed the harvester could harvest rice more efficiently than manual harvesting, reducing labor costs and harvesting time. The simple, locally made design aims to provide small farmers an affordable option for rice harvesting.
This project is about finding a real time solution for the problems caused by the chalk pieces used in the class room. To overcome the problems that are faced daily by the students and faculty, the project entitled „BLACKBOARD CLEANING AID‟ has been suggested to automatically erase the blackboard. It is seen that while cleaning the board, faculty and students often have to cover their mouth with one hand while cleaning the blackboard. So we decided to implement our course study and some extra knowledge and with the help of electrical and mechanical concept our project came into picture. The project can clean the blackboard automatically and reduces the time consumed by in hand erasing. As the name suggests our project basically works on combined principles of mechanical and brief knowledge of electronics. The instrument moves forward and backward erasing the board and collecting the dust automatically from the erasing material due to the rotation of the roller. This project is implemented to make human work easier and can reduce the use of human power because of its potential applications. Thus the device avoids the dust flow in the environment and thereby providing good solution for the problems faced by the student, faculty and other electronic equipments that are used inside the class room in a cost effective and time efficient way.
Design and Development of Multi Crop Cutter Machine Powered by Electric Motor...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of a multi-crop cutter machine powered by an electric motor. The machine is intended for small-scale farmers with land areas less than 2 acres. It has cutting blades that cut crops using a scissoring motion powered by a 1.5 HP electric motor. A collecting mechanism gathers the cut crops to one side. Testing found the machine considerably reduces harvesting costs compared to manual methods. The compact, affordable harvester aims to address labor shortages faced by small farmers.
IRJET-Automation of a Conventional Gas StoveIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a harvesting machine for small-scale farmers with land areas less than 2 acres. A group of engineering students designed a compact machine that can cut up to two rows of soybean plants using cutting blades powered by a 3HP two-stroke petrol engine. The machine also includes a collection mechanism to move the cut crops to one side. Testing showed the cost of harvesting using this machine is considerably less than manual harvesting methods. The design aims to provide an affordable solution for small-scale farmers facing challenges with labor costs and implementation.
A Review on Design and Fabrication of Groundnut Shelling and Separating Machine.IRJET Journal
This document reviews the design and fabrication of a groundnut shelling and separating machine. It aims to develop a portable machine that is affordable for small-scale farmers. The machine consists of a hopper, crushing chamber, separating chamber, blower, and frame powered by an electric motor. Groundnuts are fed into the hopper and crushed in the chamber to remove the shells, while the blower separates the shells from the seeds. The design is intended to improve efficiency over manual shelling methods while keeping costs low. The machine is meant to benefit farmers by quickly shelling groundnuts while avoiding damage to the seeds.
This document describes the design of a multipurpose pesticides sprayer pump. It aims to reduce the effort required for spraying pesticides and allow spraying in any direction around crops. The design includes a trolley frame to support the system, a storage tank, reciprocating pump, and multiple nozzles. The pump is designed to provide adequate pressure through analyzing system parameters like power required, swept volume, and discharge rate. The sprayer pump allows for both spraying pesticides and removing weeds, covering more area in less time compared to traditional backpack sprayers. It is an affordable and ergonomic option for small-scale farmers.
Design and Development of Groundnut Oil Extracting Machine by Human Pedal Fly...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of a groundnut oil extracting machine powered by human pedal and a flywheel motor concept. The machine was designed to address issues with traditional manual extraction methods used by small-scale farmers in developing countries like India. The machine uses a feed hopper, flywheel for power transmission, shaft, bearings, chain drive, and a screw press unit to shell and extract oil from groundnuts. Design calculations were performed to determine the required operating power based on parameters like the weight and radius of the pressing screw. The final power requirement of the machine was estimated to be approximately 136.67 watts (0.183 horsepower) with a safety factor included.
This document describes the design and development of a rubber tire groundnut sheller machine. It provides details on the certificate, submission, contents, introduction, material selection, design, future modifications, project outputs, maintenance, precautions, cost estimation, bibliography and acknowledgements sections of the project report on the rubber tire groundnut sheller. The project aims to design an affordable and easy to build groundnut shelling machine using locally available materials like rubber tire, wire mesh, angle iron etc. to help small farmers and industries shell groundnuts efficiently with minimal resources.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Two Wheeler Operated Sickle Bar Mower IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a two-wheeler operated sickle bar mower. The mower is designed to cut grass and shrubs using a simple and affordable construction. It consists of main components like bevel gears, shafts, blades, frame, bearings, and wheels. As the two-wheeler moves forward, the mower wheel rotates the shaft and gear arrangement. This converts the rotational motion to a reciprocating motion of the blades through a cam mechanism. The moving blade then provides the cutting force needed to cut grass and shrubs. The design calculations, fabrication process, working principle, and analysis of components are detailed in the document.
IRJET- A Review on Design and Development of Pedal Operated Maize ShellerIRJET Journal
This document reviews the design and development of a pedal-operated maize sheller. It begins with an introduction to maize/corn as the third most important crop in India. Traditionally, maize is shelled by hand which is time-consuming and inefficient. Existing power-operated shellers require electricity and have high capital costs, making them unsuitable for rural areas. The document then reviews several existing maize sheller designs. It identifies opportunities to improve efficiency and reduce costs. The goal is to develop an affordable pedal-powered sheller suitable for Indian farmers. The document concludes that a pedal-operated design could provide higher productivity than manual shelling while being more accessible to farmers than electric models
This document describes the design and development of a manually operated reaper. The reaper was designed to help small-scale farmers harvest grains more efficiently at a low cost. Several modifications were made to address issues identified during testing of an earlier prototype. These included adding an extra cutting blade to address clogging, adjusting the position of the crop divider, and adding a flat belt conveyor mechanism to reduce harvesting losses. The document provides detailed specifications of the reaper components and descriptions of testing conducted to evaluate the performance of the modified design.
Design, development and fabrication of agricultural pesticides sprayerLaukik Raut
In order to meet the food requirements of the
growing population and rapid industrialization,
modernization of agriculture is inescapable. Mechanization
enables the conservation of inputs through precision in
metering ensuring better distribution, reducing quantity
needed for better response and prevention of losses or
wastage of inputs applied. Mechanization reduces unit cost
of production through higher productivity and input
conservation.
Farmers are using the same methods and equipment
for the ages. In our country farming is done by traditional
way, besides that there is large development of industrial and
service sector as compared to that of agriculture. The
spraying is traditionally done by labor carrying backpack
type sprayer which requires more human effort. The
weeding is the generally done with the help of Bulls which
becomes costly for farmers having small farming land. So to
overcome these above two problems a machine is developed
which will be beneficial to the farmer for the spraying and
weeding operations.
IRJET- Design and Manufacturing of Pesticide Spraying MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and manufacturing of a pesticide spraying machine. It aims to reduce the effort required for manual pesticide spraying. The machine uses a reciprocating pump powered by a PTO shaft to pump pesticides through a network of pipes and nozzles. Key parts include a 30-groove drive pulley connected via V-belt to an 80-groove driven pulley on the pump. The pump is designed to spray pesticides at a rate of 18.33 liters per second through four nozzles attached to each of three delivery pipes. The design calculations show sizing of components like the pump, belts, pulleys, pipes and 10 cm diameter drive shaft to meet the machine's pumping and spraying requirements
This work is mainly concerned withimproving the design analysis and construction of garri
sieving machine for better performance. The performance of the sieving machineis also evaluated for quality
assurance. The sieving action is achieved by reciprocation of the sieve using the principle of slider-crank
mechanism, which was used to set the sieve housing into motion. The machine is powered by 1-horse power
(0.745 kW) electric motor with angular speed of 900 rpm. In order to compare its efficiency with the manual
sieving method, sieve of average mesh size 2 mm by 4 mm were used each for sieving machine and the manual
sieve. The result of the performance test carried out shows that the average sieving efficiency and the sieving
rate of the machine are better than that of the manual sieving method. Therefore, this work presents a
meaningful contribution to the processing of garri, which is a staple food in West Africa. The material used for
the sieve and its housing were stainless steel to prevent contamination of garri. This makes it edible and free of
germs during sieving action.In addition, the machine eliminates the use of hand to sieve garri unlike the manual
method where there can be contamination.
Review Paper on Solar Power Operated Sugarcane Harvesting MachineIRJET Journal
This document presents a review paper on a solar-powered sugarcane harvesting machine designed by students in India. It discusses the design and components of the machine, which includes a brushless DC motor powered by batteries charged via solar panels to drive cutting blades. The machine aims to reduce labor needs for sugarcane harvesting. It reviews previous research on sugarcane harvesting and properties to inform the design. The components of the machine include the motor, solar panels, batteries, bevel gears, belt drive, and steel saw cutters. It is presented as a low-cost and eco-friendly alternative to manual harvesting that can benefit small-scale farmers.
Fabrication of Multi-Purpose Variable Length Plucking/Cutting MachineIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and fabrication of a multi-purpose variable length plucking/cutting machine. The machine consists of multiple hollow cylinders that slide inside one another via a pulley system powered by an electric motor, allowing the device to extend to different heights. A high speed motor powers a multi-point cutting tool mounted on the top cylinder to cut branches or pluck coconuts from trees. The machine is mounted on a wheeled framework for portability between trees. It aims to provide a safer and more efficient alternative to manually climbing trees and harvesting crops.
Design, development and fabrication of a low cost corn deseeding machineeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
The document provides details about a manually and power operated reaper machine. It discusses the working and construction of the machine. The key points are:
1. The machine consists of a frame, ground wheels, bearings, pulleys, sprockets, belts, chains, and a cutter bar to cut crops.
2. It can be operated manually or with a power source. The power source turns the rear wheels which uses sprockets and chains to power the cutter bar.
3. The cut crops are conveyed to the side by a star wheel and lugged belt conveyor for easy collection and bundling.
4. The document discusses the target market for small rice farmers and provides
This document provides details about a project to design a rubber tapping device. It includes an introduction describing the objectives of increasing farmers' productivity and income. It then lists the project team members and their roles, with the project manager supervising the designer and engineer. The methodology section describes meetings held to discuss objectives and the design process, with the designer and engineer collaborating. The literature review covers concepts from previous learning applied to the project. The document concludes by discussing advantages of the rubber tapping device like easier tapping with less training and more efficient extraction.
This document describes the design and development of a moss removal machine. The machine uses rotating brushes powered by a battery-operated DC motor to scrub moss off surfaces. A secondary brush pushes the removed moss into a collection tray. The machine is portable and requires less human effort than traditional moss removal methods. It provides an efficient and chemical-free way to remove moss and keep surfaces dry to prevent slipping.
IRJET- Development of Groundnut POD SeparatorIRJET Journal
This document describes the development of a groundnut pod separator machine. It begins with an introduction to groundnut production in India and the traditional manual method of separating pods from plants. This process is time-consuming and inefficient. The objectives of the new machine are then outlined, which include minimizing time and labor, improving efficiency, and developing an affordable option for small farmers. A conceptual drawing of the machine is shown, which would utilize a rotating drum with spikes to separate the pods. The conclusion states that the machine could also be adapted to cut sugarcane, serving multiple purposes for farmers. In developing this automated option, the aims are to reduce effort for farmers and allow them to earn more money.
Review on methods and machines available for cotton boll pickingIRJET Journal
1) The document reviews traditional and existing methods for cotton boll picking, which are time-consuming and expensive for small farmers.
2) Early harvesting machines damaged cotton fibers by mixing cotton with weeds. Large, expensive machines were unsuitable for small farms.
3) The development of a portable, suction-based picking machine addressed some issues but still picked weeds along with cotton, lowering quality.
IRJET- Design and Development of a Hand Guided Motorised Rice HarvesterIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of a hand guided motorized rice harvester. The harvester was designed to make rice harvesting easier for small-scale farmers with land areas less than 5 acres. It uses a petrol engine and cutting blades to harvest rice in a scissoring motion. Testing showed the harvester could harvest rice more efficiently than manual harvesting, reducing labor costs and harvesting time. The simple, locally made design aims to provide small farmers an affordable option for rice harvesting.
This project is about finding a real time solution for the problems caused by the chalk pieces used in the class room. To overcome the problems that are faced daily by the students and faculty, the project entitled „BLACKBOARD CLEANING AID‟ has been suggested to automatically erase the blackboard. It is seen that while cleaning the board, faculty and students often have to cover their mouth with one hand while cleaning the blackboard. So we decided to implement our course study and some extra knowledge and with the help of electrical and mechanical concept our project came into picture. The project can clean the blackboard automatically and reduces the time consumed by in hand erasing. As the name suggests our project basically works on combined principles of mechanical and brief knowledge of electronics. The instrument moves forward and backward erasing the board and collecting the dust automatically from the erasing material due to the rotation of the roller. This project is implemented to make human work easier and can reduce the use of human power because of its potential applications. Thus the device avoids the dust flow in the environment and thereby providing good solution for the problems faced by the student, faculty and other electronic equipments that are used inside the class room in a cost effective and time efficient way.
Design and Development of Multi Crop Cutter Machine Powered by Electric Motor...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of a multi-crop cutter machine powered by an electric motor. The machine is intended for small-scale farmers with land areas less than 2 acres. It has cutting blades that cut crops using a scissoring motion powered by a 1.5 HP electric motor. A collecting mechanism gathers the cut crops to one side. Testing found the machine considerably reduces harvesting costs compared to manual methods. The compact, affordable harvester aims to address labor shortages faced by small farmers.
IRJET-Automation of a Conventional Gas StoveIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a harvesting machine for small-scale farmers with land areas less than 2 acres. A group of engineering students designed a compact machine that can cut up to two rows of soybean plants using cutting blades powered by a 3HP two-stroke petrol engine. The machine also includes a collection mechanism to move the cut crops to one side. Testing showed the cost of harvesting using this machine is considerably less than manual harvesting methods. The design aims to provide an affordable solution for small-scale farmers facing challenges with labor costs and implementation.
1. The document describes the design of a solar-powered paddy harvester to address issues with traditional manual harvesting such as labor shortages and high costs.
2. The proposed harvester uses a solar panel to charge a battery that powers a DC motor turning a circular blade at high speeds to cut crops. It is designed to be affordable for small farmers and easy to operate.
3. An evaluation of the harvester found that it fulfilled its objectives of being simple, compact, efficient and low-cost while testing showed it performed harvesting functions as expected.
FABRICATION OF AUTOMATIC AGRICULTURAL FERTILIZERS SPRAYING MACHINEIRJET Journal
- The document describes the design and fabrication of an automatic agricultural fertilizer spraying machine.
- Key features include a remote-controlled four-wheeled design with a 50-liter pesticide tank and centrifugal pump. The machine can spray fertilizer uniformly on crops from both sides while moving through the field.
- Calculations are shown for the machine's capacity, required motor power, chain drive, shaft design, bearings, nozzles, and battery specifications. The automatic design aims to improve spraying efficiency for farmers.
The document describes the design of an automated onion sapling bot. The bot was created to address challenges onion farmers face in manually planting saplings, such as labor shortages and inconsistent spacing between plants. The bot uses a claw mechanism powered by a slider-crank mechanism to dig holes and deposit saplings at predetermined intervals. Linkage and CAD software were used to design the mechanisms. Motors were selected using calculations of required torque. An Arduino, motors, and Bluetooth module allow for automated operation controlled by a mobile app. Testing showed the claw can withstand forces and has a maximum deformation of 6.18e-9 m. The bot could help increase farming efficiency and productivity while reducing labor costs.
Design and Fabrication of Pneumatic Bar Bending MachineIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the design and fabrication of a pneumatic bar bending machine. The machine aims to automate the process of bending rebar used in construction to form stirrups in a cost-effective way. It consists of a pneumatic cylinder, compressor, hoses, pulley, cutting blades, fixture, electronic circuits, and switches. The rod is inserted and bent into the desired square shape continuously using the pneumatic cylinder and fixture without needing to reposition the rod. Testing showed the machine could produce around 1200 stirrups in an 8 hour period, reducing labor costs and improving productivity over manual methods. Future work may aim to further increase production capacity and allow for different stirrup sizes and shapes to be made.
Design & Fabrication of Groundnut Sheller MachineIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and fabrication of a portable groundnut shelling machine. It summarizes:
1) Groundnut shelling is currently done manually or through expensive industrial machines. The designed machine aims to be affordable for domestic use.
2) The machine's main components include a frame, electric motor, roller, V-belt, pulleys, hopper, and fan. Groundnuts are fed into the hopper and shells are cracked between the roller and net. A fan then separates the shells from the nuts.
3) Calculations were done to design the V-belt, pulleys, and other components. The final portable design is intended to reduce shelling time and costs compared to manual methods.
Design and Calculation of Solar Power Operated Sugarcane Harvesting MachineIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the design and calculation of a solar-powered sugarcane harvesting machine. It aims to reduce farmers' effort and increase agricultural production. The machine consists of a solar panel, battery, electric motor, cutters, pulley, and bevel gears. It is powered by a solar panel that charges a battery. The motor uses the battery power and transmits rotation to the cutters via a belt, pulley, and bevel gear system. This allows the cutters to rotate and cut sugarcane stems at ground level rapidly. Calculations are provided for the design of components like belts, gears, bearings, and cutters. The document concludes the machine would lower harvesting costs and labor needs compared
The document presents a project on the design development of a coconut dehusking machine. It includes an introduction describing traditional dehusking methods and their limitations. The objectives are to design and develop components of a dehusking mechanism and fabricate a machine. A literature survey found no foot-operated machines. The methodology involves design, kinematic analysis, component design, fabrication, and testing. The outcome will be the design, fabrication, and testing of a dehusking machine. It will provide advantages over traditional methods like being easy to operate, requiring low power and cost. The future scope includes automatic loading/unloading and a hydraulic drive.
IRJET-Production of Hybrid Aluminium Matrix Composite with Welding Slag and F...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a multi-purpose tooling machine. The machine allows five operations - drilling, shaping, cutting, buffing, and grinding - to be performed simultaneously using a single machine. This is more efficient than separate machines for each operation as it saves space, time, and costs for industries. The machine uses a belt drive system connected to pulleys and bevel gears to transfer power from an electric motor to shafts that drive the various tools. A scotch yoke mechanism is also used to convert rotational motion to reciprocating motion for shaping. The machine aims to improve productivity while reducing production costs for industries.
Study of Fabrication of Multipurpose Tooling MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a multi-purpose tooling machine. The machine allows five operations - drilling, shaping, cutting, buffing, and grinding - to be performed simultaneously using a single machine. This is more efficient than separate machines for each operation as it saves space, time, and costs for industries. The machine uses a belt drive system connected to pulleys and bevel gears to transfer power from an electric motor to shafts that drive the various tools. A scotch yoke mechanism is also used to convert rotational motion to reciprocating motion for shaping. The machine aims to improve productivity while reducing production costs for industries.
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF BATTERY OPERATED MULTICROP WEEDER MACHINEIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and fabrication of a battery-operated multicrop weeder machine. Key aspects include:
1. The machine uses a battery panel and two DC motors powered by batteries to drive wheels and rotating weeder blades via a chain sprocket mechanism.
2. The blades are designed to uproot weeds while minimizing damage to crops. Handles allow for steering.
3. The aim is to develop an affordable weeder that reduces labor needs and improves efficiency of weeding operations for small farmers.
Design and Fabrication of Multi-purpose Agriculture MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a multi-purpose agriculture machine. The machine was designed to perform various agricultural operations like ploughing, sowing seeds, and spraying water or pesticides using a single manually-operated vehicle. The design calculations for components like the chassis, seed tray, fertilizer tray, and wheels are presented. The methodology involved literature review, problem identification, design calculations, material selection, manufacturing, and testing processes. The objectives were to reduce farmer effort, perform multiple operations simultaneously, lower costs, and improve efficiency. The final multi-purpose agriculture machine was able to plow, sow seeds, and spray in one pass, reducing labor needs.
Design And Development Trolley Operated of Agricultural Multi-nozzle Spray PumpIRJET Journal
1) The document describes the design and development of a trolley-operated agricultural multi-nozzle spray pump. It aims to address the health issues farmers face from long-term manual spraying as well as provide a more efficient option than power-operated methods.
2) The design factors include durability, light weight, compact size, adjustable spray height, and affordable cost. Materials used include mild steel, stainless steel, plastic, rubber, and brass.
3) The CAD design shows the frame and mechanism. It uses a wheel, sprockets, chain drive, and piston pump to spray pesticides from adjustable nozzles as the trolley is pushed forward.
Design and Fabrication of Tamarind Seed Removal MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a tamarind seed removal machine. Tamarind is a useful kitchen ingredient and removing seeds manually is tedious. The proposed machine aims to automate and simplify this process. It consists of a seed separating unit where fruits are subjected to shear force from a motorized cutter blade. Deshelled tamarind is fed into tapered grooved discs connected to a low-rpm motor. Seeds are ejected through projections in a tray. Static structural analysis via FEA software was performed to optimize the design. Key components like gears, shafts and rollers were manufactured. The machine is intended to reduce labor, costs and processing time for farmers and small industries.
Design and Fabrication of Tamarind Seed Removal MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a tamarind seed removal machine. Tamarind is a useful kitchen ingredient and removing seeds manually is tedious. The proposed machine aims to automate and simplify this process. It consists of a seed separating unit where fruits are subjected to shear force from a motorized cutter blade. Deshelled tamarind is fed into tapered grooved discs connected to a low-rpm motor. Seeds are ejected through projections in a tray. Static structural analysis via FEA software was performed to optimize the design. Key components like gears, shafts and rollers were manufactured. The machine is intended to reduce labor, costs and processing time for farmers and small industries.
Design and Analysis of Universal Reaper Machineijtsrd
In today's scenario, many research's are been done in the agriculture field and there is also a wide scope for more advancement in the technology. So therefore our objective is to design and fabricate agricultural reaper machine which would be used for cutting various crops like wheat, rice, etc. The reaper machine is being designed to compensate the increasing demand of workers for harvesting of crops. The machine would cover a large area and will require a person for handling. The CAD model is being prepared in SOLIDWORKS 2018 considering AA 6063 tubes. In this machine 4 wheels are been used. And considering various loads and forces the analysis of the machine has been done. The FEA has been done on SOLIDWORKS 2018 Software. Sachin Kumar Sharma | Gautam Kumar | Saurabh Awasthi | Prashant | Vivek Tyagi | Vineet Pal | Saurabh "Design and Analysis of Universal Reaper Machine" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31590.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/31590/design-and-analysis-of-universal-reaper-machine/sachin-kumar-sharma
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Cocoa Pod Splitting and Bean Extraction ...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a cocoa pod splitting and bean extraction machine. It aims to simplify the process of removing beans from cocoa pods, which is currently done manually requiring significant human labor. The machine was designed to be operated manually, constructed from locally available materials to keep costs low, and easy to assemble/disassemble so it can be shared among farmers. Components of the machine like the frame, bearing, spring, and cutting/extracting tools are modeled. The working mechanism involves placing the cocoa pod in a holder, using the handle to cut open the pod with a knife, then pressing the handle to push a tool that extracts the beans. The design of a spring used in the machine is also detailed. The
The document describes the design and development of an automatic solar grass cutter machine. It aims to address the drawbacks of conventional gasoline-powered grass cutters such as high operating costs, pollution, and maintenance requirements. The proposed solar grass cutter uses a solar panel to charge a battery, which then powers a DC motor that drives a stainless steel cutting blade. It is designed to be lightweight, low cost to operate, and environmentally friendly by relying on solar energy instead of gasoline. Initial testing showed the machine was able to effectively cut different types of grass using renewable solar power.
This presentation proposes the design of a solar-powered crop cutter and pesticide spraying robot. The robot aims to reduce human labor costs and save time in agricultural operations by automating tasks like grass cutting and pesticide spraying. It uses solar panels to charge batteries that power electric motors and actuators. A microcontroller controls the robot's functions over Wi-Fi, allowing remote operation by farmers. The presentation outlines the objectives, introduction, literature review, problem definition, proposed system design, and hardware and software requirements of the project.
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TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for...PIMR BHOPAL
Variable frequency drive .A Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is an electronic device used to control the speed and torque of an electric motor by varying the frequency and voltage of its power supply. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for motor control, providing significant energy savings and precise motor operation.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
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DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELijaia
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.