1) The document describes the design and fabrication of a pedal-operated groundnut decorticator machine. It aims to provide small farmers a low-cost option for shelling groundnuts compared to manual methods.
2) The machine uses a quick return mechanism with a rubber pad fitted to a shaft to gently crush and shell groundnuts. In trials, it achieved an output of 49 kg/hour, higher than manual methods.
3) Analysis found the machine achieved 59.1% decortication efficiency and 9.29% mechanical damage to kernels, demonstrating it is an effective and higher output alternative to hand shelling for small farmers.
PEELING AND ITS TYPES ARE BEEN COVERED IN THIS TOPIC
IT COVERS ABOUT :
PEELING BY HAND,MECHANICAL PEELING,ABRASIVE PEELING,FLAME PEELING,HOT WATER PEELING,FLASH STEAM PEELING,LYE PEELING
Friction of solids and flow of granular solidsHardy Ankit
IT COVERS:-
1.Friction of solids and flow of granular solids
2.Angle of repose
3.Coefficient of friction
4.Aero and hydrodynamic characteristics
5.Application of frictional properties in grain
The PPT includes importance of grain drying, moisture content determination methods, equilibrium moisture content, different mode of heat transfer, types of different drying methods, different dryers etc. The presentation is best suitable for graduation level students.
The detailed description on theory of dryer, mechanism of drying and stages of drying. Water activity, types of dryers used in food processing industry, concept of osmotic dehydration of foods is discussed.
Drying is need because the high moisture grain will cause heat build up (Hot spot) from respiration of microorganisms, low thermal diffusivity of grain ,increased the mold growth, reduced starch and sugar content.
This presentation contains all information on mixing and different mixing equipment used in food industry. The different equipment includes those for solids, liquids and semi solids. It consist of tumbling mixers, rotational screw mixers, agitators, impellers, paddle mixers, planetary mixers and so much more.
PEELING AND ITS TYPES ARE BEEN COVERED IN THIS TOPIC
IT COVERS ABOUT :
PEELING BY HAND,MECHANICAL PEELING,ABRASIVE PEELING,FLAME PEELING,HOT WATER PEELING,FLASH STEAM PEELING,LYE PEELING
Friction of solids and flow of granular solidsHardy Ankit
IT COVERS:-
1.Friction of solids and flow of granular solids
2.Angle of repose
3.Coefficient of friction
4.Aero and hydrodynamic characteristics
5.Application of frictional properties in grain
The PPT includes importance of grain drying, moisture content determination methods, equilibrium moisture content, different mode of heat transfer, types of different drying methods, different dryers etc. The presentation is best suitable for graduation level students.
The detailed description on theory of dryer, mechanism of drying and stages of drying. Water activity, types of dryers used in food processing industry, concept of osmotic dehydration of foods is discussed.
Drying is need because the high moisture grain will cause heat build up (Hot spot) from respiration of microorganisms, low thermal diffusivity of grain ,increased the mold growth, reduced starch and sugar content.
This presentation contains all information on mixing and different mixing equipment used in food industry. The different equipment includes those for solids, liquids and semi solids. It consist of tumbling mixers, rotational screw mixers, agitators, impellers, paddle mixers, planetary mixers and so much more.
Design and Analysis of Universal Reaper Machineijtsrd
In today's scenario, many research's are been done in the agriculture field and there is also a wide scope for more advancement in the technology. So therefore our objective is to design and fabricate agricultural reaper machine which would be used for cutting various crops like wheat, rice, etc. The reaper machine is being designed to compensate the increasing demand of workers for harvesting of crops. The machine would cover a large area and will require a person for handling. The CAD model is being prepared in SOLIDWORKS 2018 considering AA 6063 tubes. In this machine 4 wheels are been used. And considering various loads and forces the analysis of the machine has been done. The FEA has been done on SOLIDWORKS 2018 Software. Sachin Kumar Sharma | Gautam Kumar | Saurabh Awasthi | Prashant | Vivek Tyagi | Vineet Pal | Saurabh "Design and Analysis of Universal Reaper Machine" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31590.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/31590/design-and-analysis-of-universal-reaper-machine/sachin-kumar-sharma
Manual method of seed planting, results in low seed placement, spacing efficiencies and serious back ache for the farmer which limits the size of field that can be planted. The cost price of imported planters has gone beyond the purchasing power of most of our farmers. Peasant farmers can do much to increase food production especially grains, if drudgery can be reduced or totally removed from their planting operations. To achieve the best performance from a seed planter, the above limits are to be optimized by proper design and selection of the components required on the machine to suit the needs of crops. Need of rice trans-planter machine is growing nowadays because it unique features seeding in well sequence and in well manner. Seeding by rice trans-planter saves too much efforts of human being. Class of people who uses this kind of machines is farmers and they are having poor economic background. This paper provides guidelines for developments in rice Trans-planters used in India. Rice planting is very old method from many years ago & having long history since many years & their methods of rice planting are changed in this decade. Use of rice Trans planter machines is new trend but current machines having high cost of purchase. So the main focus of this project is to minimize the cost of that machine.
Design, development and fabrication of a low cost corn deseeding machineeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
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Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
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Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
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When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
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accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
“Design and Fabrication of Pedal Operated Groundnut Decorticator Machine”
1. International
OPEN ACCESS Journal
Of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 | www.ijmer.com | Vol. 7 | Iss. 3 | Mar. 2017 | 12 |
“Design and Fabrication of Pedal Operated Groundnut
Decorticator Machine”
Kulbhushan M. Shejole1
, Nitin B. Borkar2
, Abhijit M. Bobade3
*(Department of Mechanical Engineering, S.S.G.M.C.E/S.G.B.Amravati University, INDIA
** (Department of Mechanical Engineering, S.S.G.M.C.E/S.G.B.Amravati University, INDIA
*** (Department of Mechanical Engineering, G.H.R.C.E.M/S.G.B.Amravati University, INDIA
I. INTRODUCTION
Groundnuts are a high value crop that can be marketed with little processing but are extremely versatile
and can be used in a wide range of products. The oil can be used for cooking, it can be used as a shortening or as
a base for confectioneries and to make peanut butter. There are two type‟s groundnut, a bush and a runner.
Hybrids of the two varieties have been developed and are commercially available. The pods of the bush variety
contain one or two kernels in a thin shell. The runner variety has one to three kernels in a thicker shelled pod.
Groundnut decorticator is a device that shells groundnut pods and separate kernels by rubbing action. Groundnut
is major oil seed crop in india and it plays a major role in bridging the vegetable oil deficit in the country .India
is second largest producer of groundnut in the world. India is agriculture country. In india near about 70-72% of
the population living in rural areas. Their occupation is farming.in india farming is done with the help of
traditional methods. Groundnut is a major oil seed crop grown in the state; it occupies about 10.8% of total
cultivated area and 32.5% of the total area under oil seed crop in Tamilnadu.Contributing 53% of total oil seed
production in the state. Groundnut is avaluable source of edible oil (43-55%) and Protein (25-28%) for human
beingsand fooder for live stock. About two third of world production is crushed for oil and one third is
consumed as food.
Decorticating of groundnut can generally be done by hand and machine. In hand operated method only
one person can decorticate 2 to 4 kg of groundnut per hour that rate of production reduces and the number of
workers are increased. Hand operated groundnut decorticator require more energy and output got from this
method was very less. It does not fulfil market demand because it was very time consuming process. This new
pedal operated machine can give higher output than hand operated machine. This is a simple mechanism
machine which can be made easily from sourced material and we have tried to reduce the cost on less as
possible.
II. TYPES OF DECORTICATOR
2.1 Hand Operated
Hand operated groundnut decorticator consists of curved „L‟ angle frame and four legs. A perforated
sieve in a semi circular shape is provided. Seven cast iron peg assemblies are fitted in an oscillating sector. The
ABSTRACT : In India, groundnut is grown on a small scale by farmer. The major problem in
groundnut production in our country like India is the lack of groundnut processing machines available
to farmers. The main aim of this project is to design and fabricates a low cost groundnut decorticator
machine which will help small farmer to decorticate finished groundnut instead of unfinisheds
groundnut. This groundnut decorticator machine works on quick return mechanism main working of this
project. In which we made a pendulum with rubber pad is fitted on a shaft. The rubber pad is used for
free crushing of groundnut and to reduce the damage of groundnut. If we go on continuous work we got
greater output in very short time. The study reveal that pedal operated groundnut decorticator gave an
output of 49 kg/hour which was more than hand operated decorticator. This machine requires less effort
to decorticate groundnut with higher output. The performance of machine was evaluated in terms of
throughput capacity, decorticating efficiency and damage percentage. By keeping this point in our mind
we think that we should make such machine whose production capacity is more and machine get pedal
operated. The small scale farmers and can start their business by investing less capital.
Keywords: Efficiency, Fabricate, Decorticator, Groundnut.
2. Design and Fabrication of Pedal Operated Groundnut Decorticator Machine
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 | www.ijmer.com | Vol. 7 | Iss. 3 | Mar. 2017 | 13 |
groundnut pods are shelled between the oscillating sector and the perforated concave sieve. The kernels and
husk are collected at the bottom of the unit. The clearance between the concave and oscillating sector is
adjustable to decorticate pods of different varieties of groundnut. The sieve is also replaceable according to the
variety of groundnut pods. [8]
Fig1: Hand operated groundnut decorticator [8]
2.2Power Operated
The unit consists of a hopper, double crank lever mechanism, an oscillating sector with sieve bottom
and blower assembly, all fixed on a frame. A number of cast iron peg assemblies are fitted ion the oscillating
sector unit. The groundnut pods are shelled between an oscillating sector and the fixed perforated concave
screen. The decorticated shells and kernels fall down through the perforated concave sieve. The blower helps to
separate the kernels from the husk and the kernel are collected through the spout at the bottom. The shells are
thrown away from the machine. [8]
Fig 2: Power operated groundnut decorticator [8]
3. Design and Fabrication of Pedal Operated Groundnut Decorticator Machine
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 | www.ijmer.com | Vol. 7 | Iss. 3 | Mar. 2017 | 14 |
Fig 3: Actual model of pedal operated groundnut decorticator machine
Existing Machine
Fig 4: Actual model of hand operated groundnut decorticator [7]
III. TRIAL AND OBSERVATION
S.N Total weight of
groundnut in kg
(Qt)
Weight of decorticate
groundnut in kg (Qs)
Weight of
undamaged
groundnut in kg
(Qu)
Weight of
damaged
groundnut in kg
(Qd)
Time to
decorticating
operation in
sec (Tm)
1 2 1.184 1.074 0.110 147
2 2 1.182 1.072 0.112 145
3 2 1.181 1.07 0.114 142
Table 1:. Trial for pedal operated groundnut decorticator
Sample is bought from market. It is sun dried for one day to remove moisture contend. Sample contains
undecorticating groundnut and some oil adhered to decorticate. We decide one sample and triailing can do for
three samples. In trial table following parameters are mentions Total weight of groundnut in kg (Qt),Weight of
decorticate groundnut in kg (Qs),Weight of undamaged groundnut in kg (Qu),Weight of damaged groundnut in
kg (Qd) and Time to decorticating operation in sec (Tm).
From trial we observed that we can save time, money and increase in efficiency by using pedal
operated groundnut decorticator machine. In this if we put 2kg of groundnut in machine then we got output of
1.184kg of kernels or decayed seeds. If we put input in large amount then we got the output from machine with
minimum wastage.
4. Design and Fabrication of Pedal Operated Groundnut Decorticator Machine
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 | www.ijmer.com | Vol. 7 | Iss. 3 | Mar. 2017 | 15 |
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Calculations for sample of groundnut
1) Decorticating efficiency = (Qs/Qt)x100
= (1.184/2) x100
= 59.2%
2) Material efficiency = (Qu/Qu+Qd)x100
= (1.074/1.074+0.110)x100
=90.70 %
3) Mechanical damage = (Qd/Qu+Qd)x100
= (0.110/1.074+0.110)x100
= 9.29 %
4) Throughput capacity = (Qs/Tm)
= (1.184/147) x100
= 48.32 %
The pedal operated groundnut decorticator is ready for decorticating of groundnut. The above results show that
our machine can decorticate 59.1 % groundnut with 9.29 % damage. The pedal operated groundnut decorticator
machine capacity is 48.32 kg per hour.
Advantages
1) Cost of machine is less as compared with automated machine.
2) Simple maintenance
3) No need of skill labours.
V. CONCLUSION
Based on it is concluded that, the pedal operated groundnut decorticator machine is better option to
use farmer instead of hand operated. The machine is pedal operated so that there is no energy consumption
which wills helps to reduce the cost of productions. This machine also saves time and manpower. If we go on
continuous work we got a higher output in very short time. The operating procedure of this system is very
simple, so there is no skill labour required to operate a machine.
REFERENCES
[1]. A. N. Gitau P. Mboya B. N. K. Njoroge, M. Mburu, “Optimizing the Performance of a Manually Operated
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) Decorticator,” Open Journal of Optimization, 2013, 2, 26-32.
[2]. Ikechukwu Celestine Ugwuoke , Olawale JamesOkegbile Ibukun Blessing Ikechukwu , “ Design and Fabrication of
Groundnut Shelling and Separating Machine,” International Journal of Engineering Science Invention , Volume 3
Issue 4 April 2014 PP.60-66
[3]. Wangette Isaac S., Nyaanga Daudi M., Njue Musa R, “Influence of Groundnut and Machine Characteristics on
Motorised Sheller Performance,” American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 2015, 3(5), 178-191.
[4]. Atiku,N. Aviara and haque,” “performance Evaluation of a bambara Groundnut decorticator,” “Agriculture
Engineering international. The CICR Jouurnal of Scientific Research and Development manuscript, volume 6
2004.
[5]. Abubakar Mohammed and Abdul Kadir, B. Hassan, “Design and Evaluation of motorised and manually operated
groundnut shelling machine,” international journal of Emerging trends in Eengineering development Issue 2,
volume 4, May 2012.
[6]. Roshan P Ghodkhande, Nilesh D Dhote, Sandip J Kadam, “Design and Modification of Ground-Nut Decorticator,”
International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering Vol. 3, Issue 12,
December 2015.
[7]. www.indiamart.com
[8]. Eagri.tnau.ac.in
![Design and Fabrication of Pedal Operated Groundnut Decorticator Machine
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 | www.ijmer.com | Vol. 7 | Iss. 3 | Mar. 2017 | 13 |
groundnut pods are shelled between the oscillating sector and the perforated concave sieve. The kernels and
husk are collected at the bottom of the unit. The clearance between the concave and oscillating sector is
adjustable to decorticate pods of different varieties of groundnut. The sieve is also replaceable according to the
variety of groundnut pods. [8]
Fig1: Hand operated groundnut decorticator [8]
2.2Power Operated
The unit consists of a hopper, double crank lever mechanism, an oscillating sector with sieve bottom
and blower assembly, all fixed on a frame. A number of cast iron peg assemblies are fitted ion the oscillating
sector unit. The groundnut pods are shelled between an oscillating sector and the fixed perforated concave
screen. The decorticated shells and kernels fall down through the perforated concave sieve. The blower helps to
separate the kernels from the husk and the kernel are collected through the spout at the bottom. The shells are
thrown away from the machine. [8]
Fig 2: Power operated groundnut decorticator [8]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)